CARE FOR

ENVIRONMENT

Obligation or Duty

Presentation Flow

Environment

It is our collective and individual responsibility to preserve and tend to the environment in which we live in. - Dalai Lama

Case Introduction & Analysis Rabisankar Mahali Environment & Pollution Ashutosh Pandey

Global Warming An Inconvenient Truth Jitesh Agarwal

Carbon Credits Parth Karia Why Go-Green? Tarun Bansal

Kirk, a bright individual, who was being groomed for the Controllers position in a sized manufacturing firm. Officers of the firm started him to include in major company functions.

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During a session about the companys future , kirk came to know about the waste treatment and disposal problems. In the session it was discussed that the current waste facilities were inadequate to handle the waste products of the ultramodern new plant , that was supposed to be setup . The wastes produced would meet the industrys high standards ,although they could still comply with federal standards. Henry(kirks boss) noted that the estimated cost per unit would increase if the waste treatment facilities were upgraded according to the recent industry standards. The industry standards were presently more stringent than federal regulations.

Bob mentioned that since their competitor did not have the waste treatment facilities that already existed at their firm ,he was not in favor of any more expenditure in this area Most of the managers agreed with Bobs viewpoint.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

VIEW OF A TREATMENT PLANT::

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR A TYPICAL LARGE SCALE TREATMENT PLANT

POLLUTION : EFFECT CAUSES AND

PREVENTION

WHAT IS ATMOSPHERE
o

Atmosphere is the life blanket of Earth.

It is therefore essential that we know more about the atmosphere and the ways in which it is polluted.

OVERVIEW
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) a. b. c. d.

Definition of Pollution Types of Pollution: Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Radio Active Pollution Introduction Causes Effects Prevention

DEFINITION OF POLLUTION

When harmful substances contaminate the environment it is called pollution.

Pollution refers to the adverse affects on environment due to excessive exploitation of environmental resources by us.

TYPES OF POLLUTION
There are mainly five types of Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Radio Active Pollution

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Major sources of Air Pollution -Industries -Automobiles and Domestic fuels -High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Air Pollution affects:

Human health Animals Plants The atmosphere as a whole

HOW TO AVOID AIR POLLUTION

Yes, we can avoid pollution by Using natural Gases, like CNG autos Stop bursting Crackers Using public transport (saving fuel) using electric stoves, bio gas

WATER GODS VALUABLE GIFT

DEFINITION OF WATER POLLUTION

The contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for use can be termed as Water Pollution.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers. Cleaning of clothes near water bodies. Sewage pipes are directed connected to rivers.

WATER POLLUTION PICTURES

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Worldwide about 40% of deaths are caused by Water Pollution. Diseases like Cholera Malaria Typhoid (spread during the rainy season ) Aquatic life gets destroyed

HOW TO AVOID WATER POLLUTION

Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements. Dams & embankments must be created. The rivers must not be contaminated. In sacred river like Ganga the dead bodies shouldnt thrown.

NOISE POLLUTION

Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.

The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness, duration, rhythm and the mood of the person.

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

Traffic Noise Air craft Noise Noise from construction and civil engineering works. Noise from the Industries. Noise from other sources.

SEE WHAT IS THIS

Noise Pollution

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

Hearing Loss High Blood Pressure Stress Sleep Disturbance Irritation and Anger

HOW TO AVOID NOISE POLLUTION

The Government should ensure the new machines that should be noise proof. Air ports must be away from residential area. The no horn symbol is to be in present near hospitals schools and offices.

DEFINITION OF LAND POLLUTION

One fourth of the surface of the earth is covered by land. Land is the home of humans and several other living species. Land pollution refers to those change in the composition of soil which are not good for living species and these are mainly caused by human activities.

CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION

These are the main sources of Land Pollution Mining and quarrying Sewage waste Household Garbage Industrial Waste Excessive use of chemical fertilizers

LAND POLLUTION PICTURES

EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION

The Land cannot be used to construct house Land looses its fertility: No farming Ground water gets adversely affected House hold garbage like putting plastic waste on land makes land toxic.

PREVENTION OF LAND POLLUTION

More and more land should be brought under farming Trees should be planted everywhere. Waste matter should be disposed immediately Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water. Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides.

DEFINITION OF RADIO-ACTIVE POLLUTION

There are several advantages of nuclear energy but the big concerns are the radiations resulting from nuclear reaction, which is a form of pollution called Radio activity.

Radiation (Radio-Active Rays) creates Radio-Active Pollution.

CAUSES OF RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION

Nuclear power plants (Ex: Narora, Kalpakkam) Nuclear Weapon (Ex: Missiles) Disposal of Nuclear Waste Uranium Mining

EFFECTS OF RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION

The Diseases include blood in cough Ulcer Swelling of bone joints Cancer Lung Cancer Skin Cancer Bone Cancer Eye Problems

HOW TO PREVENT OF RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION

Avoid Constructing Nuclear Power Plants Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear Waste Decrease mining for Uranium to a minimal level.

Global Warming
An Inconvenient Truth

An Introduction

Global Warming

Global warming is the warming of the earth through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into the atmosphere & trapping heat like the glass in a greenhouse.
The World is heating up its a fact. Not a new phenomenon - has warmed (and cooled) many times during the 4.65 billion years of its history. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are the highest in at least 650,000 years (as measured by Antarctic ice core samples)

Global Warming Why?

Scientific consensus:
Global warming is primarily induced by human activities, principally because of greenhouse gas emissions from combustion of fossil fuels. Increased greenhouse gas emissions will result in increased average global temperatures.

As the atmosphere becomes richer in these gases, it becomes a better insulator, retaining more of the heat provided to the planet by the Sun.

Global Warming Why?

Indicators

Higher temperatures over land

Higher temperatures over oceans Higher near-surface air temperatures

Higher humidity
Higher sea surface temperatures Higher sea levels

Less sea ice

Less snow cover

Global Warming & the World

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Natural Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Man made Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Co2 Concentration in 2007

The 2007 rise in global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is tied with 2005 as the third highest since atmospheric measurements began in 1958. The red line shows the trend together with seasonal variations. The black line indicates the trend that emerges when the seasonal cycle has been removed. (Credit: NOAA)

GLOBAL WARMING

NOW
OR

NEVER

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Melting of Glaciers
Irregular Weather Pattern

Diseases

Hurricanes

Economic

Droughts

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT IN INDIA

Rajasthan Drought Rann of Kutch Rise in Sea Level Mumbai Salt water intrusion Kerala Productivity of Forest Tamil Nadu Coral bleaching Sunderbans Rise in Sea level Northwest India Reduction in rice yield

GLOBAL IMPACTS
The largest glacier on Mount Kenya has lost 92% of its mass Sea levels have risen by 10 - 25 cm The thickness of sea ice in the arctic has decreased by 40%.

Mt. Kilimanjaro Receding Glacier

The Baltimore oriole is shifting northward and may soon disappear entirely from the Baltimore area.

Polar bear populations are coming under threat as food becomes harder to hunt.

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

It is an amendment to the international treaty United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) Initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February, 2005 As of July 2010, 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol

37 countries commit themselves to a reduction of four green house gases(GHG) i.e. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride and two groups of gases, hydrofluoro carbons and perfluoro carbons
Stabilization and reconstruction of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthro pogenic interference with the climate system

THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

The Protocol defines three flexibility mechanisms which are: International Emissions Trading (IET) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Joint Implementation (JI) Financial commitments: developed countries have to pay billions of dollars, and supply technology to other countries for climate-related studies and projects Enforcement : If an annex I country is not in compliance with its emissions limitation, then that country is required to makeup the difference plus that country will be suspended from making transfers under an emissions trading program Kyoto Protocols first commitment period would end in 2012

TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE FROM PUBLIC SECTOR

TO PRIVATE SECTOR
Perspective needed to deal with climate change: based on different frames one looks to market solutions looking at technology as the answer to tackle climate change from causes that have arisen from aspirations to high levels of profit

Companies should change their approach towards environment from compliance and regulation based to being proactive and contribution based.

CARBON CREDIT

Carbon Credit - permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent. 1 Carbon Credit = 1 metric ton of CO2

Carbon footprint measure of the GHG emissions caused by an entity.

Mitigation of carbon footprint is called carbon offsets.

KYOTO PROTOCOL
A protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Protocol was initially adopted on 11th Dec, 97 in Kyoto, Japan, and entered into force on 16 Feb, 2005. 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol Annex I countries (including the US) collectively agreed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% on average for the period 2008-2012

Major Exchanges trading CERsEuropean Exchange Climate (ECX) Nymex Green Exchange Nordpool Powernext OTC markets using bilateral trade agreements. Prime categories that can be traded in the marketplace are: -carbon allowances or the offset credits -derivatives

Emission reduction mechanism :

Emission Trading

Joint Implementation (JI)

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Kyoto Protocol introduced the concept of cap and trade

system

carbon dioxide emissions should be capped

Emission reductions quantified in real terms can be traded

CDM-CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

Purpose - assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development.

-to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance.

CERs earned since 2000 to the end of the first commitment period can be used for the purpose of achieving compliance.

CDM registry ensures that there is accurate accounting of issuance, holding, transfer, acquisition and cancellation of CERs( certified Emission

reduction) in all the projects

JOINT IMPLEMENTATION

JI are projects undertaken by one developed country for the benefit of the other

Emission reductions are awarded as Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) .

The Joint Implementation projects are supervised by the

Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee (JISC)

VOLUNTARY MARKETS

A voluntary carbon market exists outside the compliance market; i.e. outside the Kyoto compliant mechanism. These are voluntary initiatives by socially responsible companies and individuals wanting to become carbon neutral The Chicago Climate Exchange, is a member based exchange for voluntary GHG reductions for the United States. Verified by authorized body and traded over the counter.

CARBON CREDITS- INDIA

o

India ranks 145th -global carbon footprint per capita. CRISIL research report -May, 2010, Carbon Credits will triple over next three - 72 million in November 2009 to 246 million by December 2012 Carbon credit Credit 11.32euros/

CERs accounted as intangible assets.

DISADVANTAGES

Provision of cheapest way of purchasing climate destroying right.

Due to nature and process of complexity involved, foreign players may dominate domestic industries for the incentive if CERs. CDM investment could affect national development strategies, possibly adversely affecting national decision-making processes. Until future commitment periods are agreed, the CDM may not provide incentives for financing long-term development projects and strategies.

WHY GO GREEN

Win customers Save money Increase employee satisfaction

WIN CUSTOMERS
A growing number of customers care about the impact companies have on the environment, and will reward companies with sustainable business models. The following is from a study by the Natural Marketing Institute:

SAVE MONEY

Conserving resources can mean conserving money. Companies can reduce their cost significantly by reducing wastage. More & more use of recyclable items / renewable resources

INCREASE EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

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Many of the improvements a company will make will have a positive emotional impact on its people. It also creates a healthy environment for employees. This in turn will increase their satisfaction

COMPANIES THAT ARE GOING GREEN

General Electric
General Electrics presence on this list might surprise you, but the steps they have taken toward green operations are undeniable. Since 2006, the company has sold over $12 billion of its Ecomagination Products (including solar panels). For those who are still upset at GEs polluting of the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls, the company is also making headway on an ambitious cleanup of that area. Barring further setbacks, the river should be cleaned up to a much better state in just a couple of years!

Dupont
Dupont is another company that has drawn the ire of green advocates for many, many years. However, it now seems that they are taking strides toward more sustainable operations. In addition to drastically lowering its emissions of airborne carcinogens and greenhouse gases, Dupont has appointed an ex-Greenpeace head as an adviser to the board. And true to its word, the company successfully reduced greenhouse gas emissions during the 90s by 63% far ahead of the timetable set forth in the controversial Kyoto Protocol.

McDonalds
Time was not long ago when McDonalds wouldnt have come within striking distance of making this list. However, the increasing public shift toward greener living has sent a clear signal to the powers that be at the popular fast-food chain. Instead of ravaging the natural habitats of animals, McDonalds now works in close collaboration with PETA on systematically reforming its business practices to be more humane and friendly to the environment in which they operate.

Home Depot
Home Depot is another ex-offender who has taken great pains to turn things around. Once the Rainforest Action Network identified the company as the worlds largest retailer of old-growth wood products, demonstrations and protests unfolded at Home Depot stores around the nation. When the outcry reached the point of 45,000 customer calls and letters, the bigwigs at Home Depot decided that enough was enough. Within months, the company rolled out a new no old-growth sales policy to ensure consumers and activists that the days of harvesting trees from old-growth rainforests were over.

Anheuser-Busch
Most people dont expect much in the way of environmental awareness from their beer company, but that hasnt stopped Anheuser-Busch from delivering. In his landmark text Natural Capitalism, author Paul Hawken shines light on the fact that Busch now saves 21 million pounds of metal per year by trimming an eighth of an inch off the diameter of its beer cans. The best news for beer enthusiasts? The trimming doesnt reduce the volume of beer one bit, says Hawken.

Pratt & Whitney

Pratt & Whitney offers another inspiring story of how much raw materials can be saved and pollution avoided with a little old-fashioned, hard-nosed ingenuity. As Natural Capitalism explains, Pratt & Whitney used to scrap 90 percent of its ingots (thats right, almost all) in the process of manufacturing jet engine blades. This massive waste continued unabated until someone at Pratt & Whitney had the bright idea to have the supplier simply cast the ingots into ready-made blade-like shapes. This one seemingly small change proved to be transformative, and has lowered the amount of wasted ingots and factory emissions a great deal.

Starbucks
Starbucks has green advocates smiling about its bean-to-cup approach, which stresses top efficiency at each link of its global supply chain. By all measures the program appears to be a great success, with the companys decision to use coffee cup sleeves made of recycled paper saving roughly 78,000 trees per year since 2006. Starbucks has also partnered up with many environmental organizations, from Conservation International to the Earthwatch Institute, in efforts to do right by the communities it operates in.

Wal-Mart
Possibly the most hated name in the entire green movement, Wal-Mart is now positioned to make all but the most dogmatic of its detractors eat their words. According to Sustainablog, Wal-Mart has launched an ambitious long-term plan to eventually power each and every one its stores using 100% renewable energy sources. According to the companys executives, Wal-Mart is committed to using its waste-eliminating corporate philosophy to make its own operations more ecofriendly than ever.

Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola has narrowed down 3 environmental goals on which to focus their efforts: water stewardship, sustainable packaging, and climate & energy protection. In just a few years, Coca-Cola has already gotten itself involved in community recycling programs and a complete, sustainability-focused overhaul of its packaging designs.

Toyota
Toyota is famous for offering the Prius, the worlds first mass-market hybrid vehicle. The popular car is now sold in over 40 countries The Environmental Protection Agency has recognized Toyotas efforts as well, crowning the Prius and its 48MPG as the most fuel-efficient car available for purchase in the U.S. Similar authorities in the United Kingdom have applauded the Prius, namely the UK Department of Transport, who ranked the vehicle as the third least carbon-emitting auto in the country.

Dell
Computer equipment has historically been one of the most difficult and costly products to safely dispose of. Fortunately, one of the major leaders in that field has stepped forward to make the task less daunting. Through its no computer should go to waste recycling program, Dell allows customers to return any Dell-branded product back to the company for free. The company has even gone so far as to establish programs that accept computers, monitors, or printers from other companies for safe disposal, as well.

Hewlett-Packard
Another computing company staking its claim to greener pastures is Hewlett Packard. The company has gotten out in front of the computer disposal issue by owning and operating enormous e-waste recycling plants that shred discarded, obsolete computer products into raw materials that can be recycled into the industrial food chain. HP has also agreed to take back computer equipment of all brands, and taken steps to ensure that its own products are 100% recyclable in the manner discussed above. Furthermore, the company has promised to lower its energy consumption a full 20% by the year 2010.

Thank You!!!