Emerging Developments for Next Generation Networks (NGN) Technical & Regulatory Challenges BY M.K.

HAK

Content
Emerging developments in Telecom Technologies NGN Definition & related issues

Advantages of NGN
NGN Emerging Services Fundamental characteristics of NGN

Next Generation Network Architecture

NGN Network Elements and Building Blocks IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Next Generation Internet (IPv6) Regulatory Challenges for NGN PSTN Evolution to NGN
2

Emerging developments in Telecom Technologies

Increased speed and density of Integrated Circuits (Moores Law).

Enhanced Transmission capacities on Optic Fibre Networks and Networking Flexibility (Gilders Law). Distributed and Open Platform-based Communication Software.
Capacity Growth and new Application Services on Wireless. Emergence of Next-Generation Networks (all-IP based). Carriage of real time QOS based traffic by data networks

NGN & related issues

Introduction
1. Next Generation Networks as the name suggests are the networks of future. 2. These are the networks based on emerging technology of IP which is leading to convergence of networks, services and markets and providing efficiency and flexibility. 3. Rapid technological developments are taking place in transmission networks (optic fiber), access networks (wireless), switching (IP) and customer premises equipment (integrated). Wireless based access technologies specially Wi-Fi and Wi-Max are making broadband access faster and cost effective.

NGN & related issues (Cont..)

Introduction
4. These developments are enabling the operators to increase their depleting ARPU by providing advanced value added services in addition to plain Vanilla voice. 5. There is a talk about EOIP which means Everything over IP. That means you can provide any service through NGN platform based on IP. 6. NGN with the help of soft switch can co-exist with the legacy PSTN networks and hence the existing investments of operators do not go waste.

NGN & related issues (Contd)

7. Many countries like UK, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Italy, Singapore, Vietnam and China have decided to migrate to NGN. The incumbent operators there are going for NGN and replacing their existing networks to IP based in a time bound manner. This is being done to beat to competitors and new entrants on the technology front and being able to provide new value added services, cutdown on Opex as well as to make the network future proof. 8. Broadly, NGN should meet the following basic requirements: (i) Co-existence with PSTN.

(ii) Access technology agnostic.

(iii) Support quad-play (voice, data, video, mobile) services. (iv) Open standard architecture.

(v) Integrated users interface.

9. NGN should be capable of providing seamless converged services from telecom, internet and broadcasting infrastructure at any time, anywhere to anywhere from any device to any device.

NGN & related issues (Contd) Regulatory concerns

((i) Death of distance and blurring of the traditional boundaries between Access (local) pro Service providers and long distance carriers. ((ii) VOIP as a disruptive technology putting a challenge for the regulators world over to perform a balancing act in maintaining level playing field. ((iii) On-going technological developments causing drastic impact on the telecom scenario forcing a re-look at the service based licensing & covering the geographic area based regulatory regime including Numbering systems. ((iv) Level playing field issue between the licensed telecom operators and value added service

(v) Need for new interconnect products based on capacity and quality (V&V) in place of those based on distance and duration (miles & minutes). Access to emergency services like police control room, fire services, medical help etc. (PSAP, E 911 (US), 999 (UK), 100 (India) Security monitoring like legal interception & monitoring (LIM), wiretap, CLI etc.

Requirements of Next Generation Licensing

(i) (ii) Technology- neutral. Service agnostic (Single Unified License for Voice,Data,Video,Mobile). Class license (licensing value-added services through authorization).
8

(iii)

What is NGN? (From Laymans point of view)

Next Generation Services Converged (quad-play, voice, data, video, mobile) Next Generation Access High speed (Broadband) IP based connectivity (ADSL, VDSL ,WI-Max, Cable TV, FTTH, PLC) Next Generation Transport Ethernet, IP-MPLS Next Generation Architecture Service oriented, layered (transport, control, application) Next Generation Mobile 3G+ Next Generation Internet IPv6 Next Generation Interconnect Capacity and Quality based Next Generation Licensing Unified Next Generation Regulation Converged (single regulator)

Definition of NGN (ETSI)

NGN is a concept for defining and deploying networks, which due to their formal separation into different layers and planes and use of open interfaces, offers service providers and operators a platform which can evolve in a step-by-step manner to create, deploy and manage innovative services.

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Definition of Next Generation Network (ITU)

Next Generation Network (NGN) is a packet-based network able to provide services including Telecommunication Services and Able to make use of multiple Broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies; It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers.

It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.

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Advantages of NGN
NGN makes use of best of both the worlds (flexibility, efficiency & Innovativeness of IP and QOS ,Security, Reliability, Customer-friendly features of proven PSTN Advantages for service providers Reduced CAPEX due to integrated and efficient IP-based technology (Packetize or Perish) Reduced OPEX due to transmission cost saving, less power consumption, less space requirement, less O&M costs Ability to offer increased range of services More flexibility increasing market penetration by offering personal service customization and management Single network layer for management There is no need for separate voice and data networks

Advantages for subscribers Reduced call charges New innovative services at a fast speed Single connection and bill for voice, data, video,mobile (Quad play)

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NGN Emerging Services

Voice over IP
Primary line Second line IP Centrex usage Voice VPN IP Centrex Basic

Unified Messaging
Content Delivery Games Downloads (MP3) Gambling Video on demand TV on demand

BB High Speed Internet

PC to Phone Phone to PC IP VPN (data) BW on-demand QOS on demand Triple play

Advanced
Multimedia Conferencing

Cinema of the future

Long distance bypass

Instant messaging/ presence management

MMS on fixed network

Distance learning
Distant arraignment Remote lab

Internal
External IP offload

3G applications

13

Driving forces for NGNs

Europe Ageing networks in need of new equipment Cost savings, new services North America Cost savings, new services, competitiveness IP core conversion, fixed-mobile convergence, New service offerings (VoIP, IP-TV) Asia Pacific Region Mobile users, less investment in legacy infrastructure, new services, Address space limitations, Governments NGN initiatives Role-out of new networks in the countries in economic transition
Source: ASTAP05-FR10-PL-30

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Fundamental characteristics of NGN

* Packet-based transfer Separation of control functions among bearer capabilities, call/session, and application/ service Decoupling of service provision from network, and provision of open interfaces Support for a wide range of services, applications and mechanisms based on service building blocks (including real time/ streaming/ non-real time services and multi-media, Triple- play) Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS and transparency Inter working with legacy networks via open interfaces Generalized mobility support Unrestricted access by users to different service providers A variety of identification schemes which can be resolved to IP addresses for the purposes of routing in IP networks Unified service characteristics for the same service as perceived by the user Converged services between Fixed/Mobile Independence of service-related functions from underlying transport technologies Compliant with all Regulatory requirements, for example concerning access to emergency communications and security monitoring/privacy, etc.

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Next Generation Networks Technology

Present Day Networks Next Generation Networks (NGN)

Internet

Gateways Wireless POTS

Integrated Services Over IP

Evolving towards All IP Communications

16

NGN v/s PSTN Components

PSTN Switch NGN Components

Call Control

Application & Service Control Server

Switching

IP Routing

Interfaces

Gateways

SDH Transport with Overlay packets for data

Common IP MPLS Transport

17

NGN a layered architecture distributing intelligence at every layer

Application Layer Service Control Layer Transport Layer (core and access)
PSTN Media Gateways Multiservice Packet Switching
Control Bearer

Application Services Internet Softswitch Control IP Service Switching

Broadband Access

RAS DSLAM GbE

Frame/ ATM

X
ACCESS NETWORK

X
National Optical

X X X

Metro Optical

CPE
Wireless

CORE NETWORKS
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Schematic view of NGN

WEB Services
ASP Network

VoD
ASP Network

MMS
IMS

SIP

E911
PSAP Network

Transport
Wi-Fi DSL

Core IP/MPLS Networks DOCSIS GSM PSTN

Access

User
Source: ASTAP05/WS-IP&NGN/13

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NGN - Functional Planes

Application Plane

SC
Management Plane

Control Plane Transport Plane

Next Generation Networks functional decomposition into five planes.

1. The control plane contains the functionality relating to the control of the transport plane and inter-working with the CSN (Circuit Switch Network).
The control plane architecture is intended to be IP-access network independent. 2. The management plane contains the management functionality relating to QoS, Security and network management. 3. The transport plane contains the functionality relating to the underlying packet transport and services. 4. The CSN plane contains the functionality relating to the circuit-switched networks (Emulation). 5. The application plane makes use of capabilities provided by the other functional planes to provide multimedia services.
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NGN Control Plane

The scope of the control plane is limited to control resources for supporting communications amongst NGN-aware terminals and between NGN-aware terminals and circuit-switched networks. The functionalities required to control resources for supporting communications between legacy terminals, via a packet transport network are addressed in the context of the BICC architecture.
SCN control plane
SCN SCN

IP backbone

IP access network Control plane addressed by this standard

IP access network

Scope of the Control Plane

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NGN Architecture Layered Approach

Correspondence between the OSI, Internet and NGN model

Service Control Transport

NGN layers

22

NGN - Softswitch based Architecture

SS7/C7

Circuit Switched

Packet Switched

23

Typical NGN architecture

24

ITU-T Structural model of NGN functional components

Service stratum
Application Functions Service User Profile Functions

Management Functions

Service and Control Functions

ANI

Transport User Profile Functions

Network Attachment Control Functions

Transport Control Functions

Customer Functions Access Functions

Media Handling Functions

Access Access Transport Transport Functions functions

Gateway Functions

Other Other networks networks

Edge Functions

Core Transport Core Transport Functions functions

UNI

NNI

Transport stratum
Control Media

Ref: http://ties.itu.int/u/fgngn/fgngn/readonly/200504_Geneva/focus_group_reports/FGNGN-MR-0040r1.doc

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NGN Concept
Service / Application Layer

Control Layer

Transport Layer

Access Layer Each vertical on the left has to be split into Network Elements that map onto each horizontal on the right

26

NGN Concept
Service / Application Layer

Control Layer

Transport Layer

Access Layer

PLMN

PSTN
27

NGN Architecture NGN Concept

A unified packet transport layer for all types of services A session based control architecture
For user to user voice , video and data services over the packet infrastructure

A common Service delivery platform

Expectations from NGN

Generate new revenue streams by having fast roll out of new multimedia services Secure voice revenue stream by integrating PSTN infrastructure with NGN Provide solution to cater to PSTN obsolescence wherever applicable
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Requirements for NGN Implementation

Equipment and Network Interoperability between various Operators A standards based functional architecture Standard interfaces and protocols Ability to serve Fixed (Copper and fibre), Wireless and Mobile Networks Open Services Architecture Standard interfaces open to third party application service providers Q o S Control Mechanism Important for voice and video services Requires bandwidth allocation mechanism at access level as it is shared between various services

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Requirements for NGN Implementation

Need to share management functions like provisioning, metering, billing, QoS monitoring Provide Generalized Mobility features Mobility features at the fixed access, nomadism Provide service continuity between fixed and mobile access leading to convergence Common technology for transport layer IP/MPLS has emerged as the most suitable technology for this layer

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Service Layer
Service X Service Y

Open interfaces

Control Layer
SIP
Separated control

Management

NB Wireless

H.248

QoS Mechanism

BB Wireless

IP/MPLS Transport Core

BB Wireline

Usage Measurement

Access Layer

FMC

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Circuit Switching (CAS)

Transit Local Exchange
Call Control

Local Exchange

Call Control

Switching

Call Control

Switching

Signaling & Bearer

Interfaces

Signaling & Bearer

Switching

Interfaces

Interfaces

Bearer is a voice channel

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Circuit Switching (CCS)

Transit Local Exchange
Call Control

Local Exchange

Call Control

Switching

Call Control

Bearer
Switching

Bearer Interfaces
Switching

Interfaces

Interfaces
Call Control

Switching

Signaling

Signaling

Interfaces 33

STP

Circuit Switching (CCS)

Transit Local Exchange
Call Control

Local Exchange

Call Control

Switching

Call Control

Bearer
Switching

Bearer Interfaces
Switching

Interfaces

Interfaces

Signaling

Signaling Transfer

Signaling

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Circuit Switching (CCS)

Transit Local Exchange
Call Control

Local Exchange

Call Control

Call Control

Bearer
Switching

Bearer Transfer

Bearer
Switching

Interfaces

Interfaces

Signaling

Signaling Transfer

Signaling

35

Soft Switching Transit Architecture

Transit Local Exchange
Soft switch

Local Exchange

Call Control

Call Control

TMG
Switching

TMG Bearer
Switching

Bearer
Common IP MPLS Transport

Interfaces

Interfaces

Signaling

SGW

SGW

Signaling

36

Soft Switching Transit Architecture

Soft switch

Local / Tandem Exchange

Local / Tandem Exchange

TMG Bearer Signaling

TMG Bearer

Common IP MPLS Transport

STP
Signaling SGW SGW

STP
Signaling

37

Next Generation Switching

Transit
Soft switch

Local Exchange

Call Control

Gateway Gateway Bearer

Switching Common IP MPLS Transport

Interfaces

Gateway

Signaling

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Next Generation Switching Architecture

Application Server

Soft switch

SBC

Line Access Gateway

SHDSL

PRI

Access Gateway

V5.2

Common IP MPLS Transport RSU

2B+D ADSL/ADSL2+

AN

TMG
E1s

SSTP Network

Local / Rural Exchanges

40

Below SDCA Level IP Network A case of Metro City

P

Metro Backbone
PE BLC

MG

AGW

LAG

SHDSL V5.2
E1 E1

AN

PRI

ADSL/ADSL2+

2B+D

Local / Rural Exchanges

RSU

41

Below SDCA Level IP Network A case of Normal City

P

PE BLC

MG

AGW

LAG SHDSL

V5.2
E1 E1

AN

PRI

ADSL/ADSL2+

2B+D

Local / Rural Exchanges

RSU

42

Below SDCA Level IP Network A case of Normal SDCA

P

PE

MG

AGW

V5.2
E1 E1

AN

PRI

Local / Rural Exchanges

RSU

43

Fully Converged Architecture

IMS Architecture

44

NGN Components
NGN architecture breaks the hierarchy-based architecture of the Traditional Networks and follows flat hierarchy for the IP-based Networks. 1. Network Elements
Converged IP/ MPLS Core (Softswitch/ Media Gateway Controllers) Intelligent Provider Edge (PE) devices for service enablement (Media,Sig Gateway) Ethernet based Access infrastructure to aggregate business and residential users (LAG) Diverse set of access architectures in the last mile Home gateway, UNI
2. Service Control Elements Policy Control Framework for subscriber policy tracking and enforcement Application level policy enforcement AAA servers for billing and accounting & Authentication 3. End User Devices (CPE) Converged devices can be intelligent TVs, combined Mobile/ PDA/ Pocket PC/IAD

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NGN Network Elements

Access Gateways (LAG) Allows the connection of subscriber lines to the packet network Converts the traffic flows of analogue access (POTS) or 2 Mb/s access devices into packets Provides subscriber access to NGN network and services Trunking Gateways (TMG ,SG) Allows inter-working between classical TDM telephony network and packetbased NGN networks Converts TDM circuits/ trunks (64 Kbps) flows into data packets and vice versa Packet Networks (MPLS Core) Trend is to use IP networks over various transport possibilities (ATM, SDH, WDH) IP networks must offer guarantees of Quality of Service (QOS) regarding the real time characteristics of voice
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NGN Network Elements (Contd.)

Softswitch Referred to as the Call Agent or Media Gateway Controller (MGC) Provides the service delivery control within the network Incharge of Call Control and handling of Media gateways control (Access and /or Trunking) via H.248 protocol Performs signalling gateway functionality or uses a signalling gateway for inter-working with PSTN- C7 signalling network Provides connection to Intelligent network/ applications servers to offer the same services as those available to TDM subscriber Application Server (AS) A unit that supports service execution, e.g. to control Call Servers and NGN special resources (e.g. media server, message server)

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NGN Network Elements (Contd.)

H.248 Protocol Known also as MEGACO: standard protocol, defined by ITU-T, for signalling and session management needed during a communication between a media gateway (MG), and the media gateway controller (MGC) managing it H.248/ MEGACO allows to set up, keep, and terminate calls between multiple endpoints as between telephone subscribers using the TDM SIP (Session initiation protocol) Handle communication signalling and negotiation like call establishment, maintenance and termination from packet mode terminals. Has a distributed peer- to- peer implementation Signalling Gateway (SG) A unit that provides signalling conversion between the NGN and the other networks (e.g. STP in SS7) E.NUM (Electronic Numbering) Protocol that allows to establish a correspondence between the traditional telephone numbering (E.164) and the network addresses related to the packet mode networks (RFC 2916 E.164 number and DNS IETF)

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NGN Network Elements (Contd.)

MPLS (Multi protocol Label Switching protocol) Assigns labels to information packets in order to allow the node routers to treat and route flows in the network paths according to established priority for each category. Establishes a tunnel for an end-to-end forwarding. A label is a short, fixed length, locally significant identifier which is used to identify a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) to which that packet is assigned. LSP (Label-Switched paths) An LSP is a specific path traffic path through an MPLS network that using convenient protocols will establish a path through an MPLS network and will reserve necessary resources to meet pre-defined service requirements for the data path.It enables the provision of QOS and guarranted services like circuit- switched over IP network.
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NGN Network Elements (Contd.)

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) A routing protocol that determines the best path for routing IP traffic over a TCP/IP network based on distance between nodes and several quality parameters. OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), which is designed to work within an autonomous system BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Performs inter-domain routing in TCP/IP networks, handling routing between multiple autonomous domains. Routers use BGP to maintain a consistent view of the inter-network topology

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NGN Network Elements (Contd.)

TEM (Traffic Engineering Module) Traffic Engineering refers to the process of selecting the paths (LSPs) in order to balance the traffic load on the various links, routers, and switches in the network. A major goal of Traffic Engineering is to facilitate efficient and reliable network operations with guarantee of QOS while simultaneously optimizing network resource utilization and traffic performance CAC (Call Acceptance Control) To accept/ reject traffic in the network that allows guarantee of QOS for services with a given Service Level Agreement. CoS (Class of Service) A feature that provides scalable, differentiated types of service across a label switched network. MPLS CoS offers packet classification, congestion avoidance, and congestion management

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Soft switch Media Gateway Controller

52

Softswitch Media Gateway

53

Softswitch Signalling Gateway

54

Softswitch Application Server

55

Softswitch Application Server (Contd)

56

Network Management

57

NGN standards / protocols

58

Softswitch - Interdomain protocols

59

Layer-wise Interoperatablity

60

IMS NGN Services Architecture (IP Multimedia Subsystem)

What is IMS? IP Multimedia Subsystem as defined by 3GPP 3GPP IMS standards define a network domain dedicated to the control and integration of multimedia services. IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards (2002) 3GPP2 equivalent of IMS is the MMD (Multimedia Domain), fully interoperable with 3GPP IMS IMS builds on IETF protocols Based upon SIP, SDP, RTP etc. protocols 3GPP have enhanced these IETF protocols for mobility IMS in short Open-systems architecture that supports a range of IP-based services over the packet switched domain, employing both wireless and fixed access technologies and enables FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence)
61

What does IMS provide?

Services and Control Adds call session control to the packet network (GPRS) enables peer-to-peer real-time services - such as voice, video over a packet-switched domain scalable common service control (based on SIP) gives the ability to manage parallel user services Media Mixing Ability to pick and mix various multimedia flows in single or multiple sessions Can handle real-time voice, video, data Connectivity Network Independence Provides access to IP based services independent of the underlying connectivity technology (mobile / fixed) IMS is based upon an open standard with a strong evolutionary advantage IMS architecture & SIP may be easily extended to provide for new services
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IMS Concept

63

IMS basic components

CSCF Call State Control Functions P Proxy I Interrogating S Serving UE User Equipment SLF- Subscriber Location Function HSS- Home Subscriber Server AS Application Server

SLF

HSS

AS
Diameter Protocol

SIP Protocol

P-CSCF

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

UE
GGSN First Point of Contact
Gateway GPRS Support Node

Access Point to Network

Session control services Registration AS interaction Charging etc.

Privacy Control & QoS Authorisation

Local Services: Emergency & Local Numbering
Source: ASTAP05-WP.IP&NGN-08_ETSI

Hides Topology & Configuration

Visited Network

Home Network

64

IMS Architecture
IMS
HSS

Cx
I-CSCF Cx S-CSCF Mr Gq Go Gi Gi Go UE SGSN GGSN Gi MRF Mg Mi

I-CSCF

Other IP/ IMS network

Mm Mk

Control Plane
Traffic Plane

Mw
P-CSCF

Mj IMSMGW MGCF Mn SGW

BGCF

UTRAN

PDF

PS Domain
Source: ASTAP05-WP.IP&NGN-08_ETSI

Legacy/ PSTN
65

Why IMS in NGN? - ETSIs view

The IP Multimedia Subsystem generally fulfills the NGN requirements for conversational (interactive, real-time) services For managed, carrier operated telecom. networks With Release 6, IMS becomes applicable to a range of access network types (3G RAN, WLAN) For the benefit of the whole telecommunications industry IMS is being proclaimed as the architecture of choice for converging networks (mobile fixed), as well as voice and multimedia It is predicted that IMS will enable IP to gradually replace circuit switched voice Operators who own both fixed and mobile networks want to consolidate their networks Growing IMS market, will encouraging greater usage and creation of new IP based services Open interfaces allow for a wider choice of IMS suppliers Market stimulation, decreasing costs (thanks to shared development/deployment costs)
66
Source: ASTAP05-WP.IP&NGN-08_ETSI

IMS vs Softswitch

Two approaches to call handling:

Soft Switches a split of todays classic telephone exchange into separate Call Server and Media Gateway functions, IMS a server platform under development in the 3GPPs (since about 2000), where eventually call servers are just one of many types of servers.

67

Comparison
Soft Switch - Small step - Yields IP cost advantages - Easily supports current PSTN services Makes use of Intelligent Network (IN) services IMS - Big step - Yields IP cost advantages - Does not as easily support current PSTN services - Platform for non PSTN services (mobile) - Does not use IN Achieves fixed & mobile core network convergence.

68

IMS and Softswitch ETSIs Migration Path to IMS

ETSIs Migration Path to IMS Step 1 Telephony Softswitch solution
Introduction Telephony Softswitches
Cost reduction through the modernization of the ageing circuit switched network. Separates call control from connectivity Lowers CAPEX and OPEX

Step 2 Softswitch / IMS solution

Roll out of IMS
Introduces IMS alongside Softswitch Allows introduction of new SIP based services Increases services revenues and customer base

Step 3 Full IMS telephony solution

Introduction of IMS Access Gateways
Softswitches upgraded to telephony servers to enable full-IMS Introduction of IMS telephony gradually to replace legacy

Source: ASTAP05-WP.IP&NGN-08_ETSI

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Next Generation Internet (IPv6)

IPv6 is the Next Generation Internet protocol with improvement over the age old initial version IPv4 (since 1981). It has capacity to expand the available address space on the Internet enormously, using 128 bits vis--vis 32 bits of IPv4. Address limit of IPv4 is of the order of 4 Billions, while that for IPv6 is 3X1039. (3000 Billion Billion Billion Billion).

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Advantages of IPv6
A larger address space and flexible addressing scheme Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing with Streamlined header format Inherent support for secure communications The ability to allow differentiated services

Better support for mobility

Auto-Configuration capability supporting plug and play

71

Key differences between IPv4 & IPv6

IPv4
Source and destination addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length. No identification of packet flow for QoS handling by routers is present within the IPv4 header. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) uses broadcast ARP Request frames to resolve an IPv4 address to a link layer address. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to manage local subnet group membership. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Router Discovery is used to determine the IPv4 address of the best default gateway and is optional. Must be configured either manually or through DHCP.

IPv6
Source and destination addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length. Packet flow identification for QoS handling by routers is included in the IPv6 header using the Flow Label field. ARP Request frames are replaced with multicast Neighbour Solicitation messages. IGMP is replaced with Multicast Discovery (MLD) messages. Listener

ICMP Router Discovery is replaced with ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages and is required. Does not require manual configuration or DHCP for auto configuration.

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NGN Regulatory Challenges

As per ITU:-

The move to NGNs represents an opportunity to establish in advance ground rules for ensuring the continued passage to effective competition and minimise damage during transition.
It is in contrast to the regulation of the legacy network, which came after the networks were actually in place. That is why, NGN is different.

73

Regulation of Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

Security Privacy

Consumer protection
Numbering

Quality of Service Emergency Access Competition

Interconnection

Next Generation Longer term issues

Core policy areas: Competition (level-playing field), Interconnection Consumer (QOS, privacy, emergency access) Security & legal interception Scope for self-regulation 74

Short term issues

Regulatory implications of NGN

Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-09

STANDARDS ACCESS INTEROPERABILITY

Consumer protection
Emergency Quality of Service Rights of redress Directories Privacy Information Choice Special needs Universal service

Competition
Convergence Bundling Bottlenecks Interconnection & access Carrier selection Number portability Migration Investment

Security
Critical Infrastructure Viruses & firewalls Network attack Disaster recovery Lawful Interception Cyber crime Misuse

IDENTITY, NUMBERING, ADDRESSING

Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-09

75

NGN Regulatory Challenges India

Light-touch v/s Tight regulation, regulatory withdrawal Ex-ante v/s Ex-post regulation Level-playing field issues Service level competition, Network level competition, Access competition Regulatory incentives standardization, transition time-table, special rate of return, alternate access paths, special concession for deployment in rural areas QOS regulation for NGN Interconnection regime in NGN context interconnecting parties, interconnection products, types of interconnection, basis for charging, interconnect exchange Mandating of emergency access 100, 101 etc Security aspects of NGN suitability for legal intercept and monitoring (LIM)

76

Security concerns

77

Security concerns (Contd)

78

Security Solutions

79

Voice QOS Concerns

80

PSTN Evolution to NGN

PSTN remains the main revenue source for incumbent its competitiveness must be maintained how to keep it the state-of-the art? Which technology (NGN, ATM, advance TDM) to use? For growth (volume) For replacing out-phased equipment For migrating/consolidating the whole network Main concern is the cost of ownership (TCO) how to minimize it? CAPEX : Capital Expenditure OPEX : Operational Expenditure Future convergence with broadband network where to introduce a common part? At which pace?
81

Generic benefits, costs and risks for incumbents considering NGN migration
Access NGN Benefits Improved competitiveness against triple play, cable TV operators / new mobile/valueadded service providers Significant CAPEX Increased costs due to triple play without matching APRU initially Regulatory mandate for whole-selling and unbundling at access layer Core NGN Significant cost reductions in transmission costs and OPEX due to rationalization of legacy network Better technology for replacement of old age legacy network Project risk due to huge scope and complexity Reduction in the interconnect usage charges by regulator Introduction of reselling by regulator

Costs & Risks

82

General Consideration for PSTN migration to NGN

- SServices are key when defining any future evolution of PSTN networks, - NNGN is more about bringing new services to end-users than just broadband access or Voice Over Packet (VOIP) though both are very important technological milestones, - NGN must build on the strengths of both the telephony and the Internet respective service models, - NGN emergence will happen but will take time, PSTN networks will likely continue to offer the voice telephony service for a while, - State-of-the-art PSTN solutions of today can evolve and stay part of the future NGN picture to preserve investments, - The access modernization is key to prepare the introduction of advance converged services and new quad-play services and applications (data, voice, video and mobile) over the same network.

83

PSTN Circuit-switched Model

84

Media Gateways in a Point-to-Point Configuration

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

85

Gatekeeper (Softswitches)/ Media Gateways in a Point-to-Multipoint Configuration

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

86

Multiple Gatekeepers/ Softswitches in a Multipoint-to-Multipoint Configuration

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

87

ISC/IETF Network Model

88

NGN Architecture - Distributed Local Exchange

89

PSTN to NGN Migration

Step 1: PSTN for voice and Internet

90

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Step 2: PSTN consolidation

91

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Step 3: Voice-over-Packet technology for trunking

92

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Step 4: Voice-over-Packets for access and CPE

93

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Step 5: Multimedia

94

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Step 6: The full NGN

95

PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Alternative Migration Path

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PSTN to NGN Migration (Contd)

Alternative Migration Path

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Thank You
M.K.HAK

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