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Creep Testing

Creep testing involves measuring the deformation of a material over time when under a constant load below its yield strength, usually at an elevated temperature. There are three stages of creep: primary creep where the rate is highest and decreases over time, secondary creep where the rate is relatively uniform, and tertiary creep where the rate accelerates until rupture. Different types of creep tests include constant-load creep tests to measure dimensional changes, stress rupture tests with higher loads to determine time to failure, and stress relaxation tests where strain is held constant to measure decreasing stress over time. Proper temperature control is important for creep testing to minimize effects of thermal expansion.

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210 views26 pages

Creep Testing

Creep testing involves measuring the deformation of a material over time when under a constant load below its yield strength, usually at an elevated temperature. There are three stages of creep: primary creep where the rate is highest and decreases over time, secondary creep where the rate is relatively uniform, and tertiary creep where the rate accelerates until rupture. Different types of creep tests include constant-load creep tests to measure dimensional changes, stress rupture tests with higher loads to determine time to failure, and stress relaxation tests where strain is held constant to measure decreasing stress over time. Proper temperature control is important for creep testing to minimize effects of thermal expansion.

Uploaded by

samurai7_77
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Creep Testing

All About Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Download This & More Stuff @ WWW.07MET.TK

Creep is a time-dependent deformation of a material while under an applied load that is below its yield strength. It is most often occurs at elevated temperature, but some materials creep at room temperature. Creep terminates in rupture if steps are not taken to bring to a halt

Creep in service is usually affected by changing conditions of loading and temperature The number of possible stresstemperature-time combinations is infinite. The creep mechanisms is often different between metals, plastics, rubber, concrete.

Creep
Time dependent deformation under an applied load. Metals/alloys do not exhibit time dependent deformation under normal service condition. Metals subjected to a constant load at elevated temperatures will undergo a time dependent increase in length.

Homologous Temperatures
The high and low temperature are relative to the absolute melting temperature of the material. Homologous temperatures of more than 0.5 of melting T is of engineering significance. Metal Melting temp. 0.5xMelting Temp Lead 327oC 600oK 327oK 27oC W 3407 3680 1840 1567

Creep curve

creep rate
The rate of deformation of a sample is known as the creep rate. It is the slope created by the creep v. time.

Creep stages
the primary creep starts at a rapid rate and slows with time; the secondary creep has a relatively uniform rate; the tertiary creep has an accelerated creep rate and terminates when the material breaks or ruptures.

High Temperature Mechanical Test


High temperature Tensile Test Creep Test: Stress rupture Test High temperature Tensile Test: Similar to short term room temperature testcompleted in few minutes and provide stress versus strain curve.

Creep test
Measure dimensional changes accurately at constant high temperature and constant load or stress. Useful for long term applications which are strain limited. such as turbine blade.

Creep Test
Measure strain verses time at constant T and Load. Relatively low loads and creep rate Long duration 2000 to 10,000 hours. Not always fracture. Strain typically less than .5%.

Stress Rupture Properties Stress rupture testing is similar to creep testing except that the stresses are higher than those used in a creep testing. Stress rupture tests are used to determine the time necessary to produce failure. Stress rupture testing is always done until failure. Data is plotted as log-log. A straight line or best fit curve is usually obtained at each temperature of interest. This information can then be used to extrapolate time to failure for longer times.

Stress rupture Data On log-log scale

Stress rupture Test


Measure time to failure at specified stress and temperature. Useful for applications where some strain can be tolerated but failure must be avoided. such as large furnace housings.

Stress rupture Test


Measure stress verses time to rupture at constant temperature. Higher load and creep rate. Shorter duration, less than 1000 hours. Always to fracture Time and strain to fracture measured. Strain typically up to 50%.

Creep testing
Creep generally occurs at elevated temperatures, so it is common for this type of testing to be performed with an environmental chamber for precise heating/cooling control. Temperature control is critical to minimize the effects of thermal expansion on the sample.

How to Perform a Creep Test?


The unloaded specimen is first heated to the required T and the gage length is measured. The predetermined load is applied quickly without shock. Measurement of the extension are observed at frequent interval. Average of about 50 readings should be taken.

Creep parameter
To predict the stress and time for long lives on the basis of much shorter data. Plant life 30 to 40 years(260000,35000 hrs) While creep data is not available beyond lives of more than 30000 hrs. Larson Miller Parameter Manson Hafford parameter

To determine stress-relaxation of a material, the specimen is deformed a given amount and decrease in stress is recorded over prolonged period of exposure at constant elevated temperature. The stress-relaxation rate is the slope of the curve at any point.

All About Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Download This & More Stuff @ WWW.07MET.TK

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