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Structure and Function of The Human Eye

Sclera: tough white layer of connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball. Cornea: transparent covering of the front of the eye and functions as a fixed lens. Choroid: thin, pigmented layer lining the interior surface of the scleral. Iris: regulates the size of the pupil.

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467 views10 pages

Structure and Function of The Human Eye

Sclera: tough white layer of connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball. Cornea: transparent covering of the front of the eye and functions as a fixed lens. Choroid: thin, pigmented layer lining the interior surface of the scleral. Iris: regulates the size of the pupil.

Uploaded by

Syed Mujtaba
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure and Function of the Human Eye

Vertebrates have single-lens eyes

Fig. 49.9
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Parts of the Eye


Sclera: a tough white layer of connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea. Conjunctiva: external cover of the sclera keeps the eye moist. Cornea: transparent covering of the front of the eye. Allows for the passage of light into the eye and functions as a fixed lens.
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Choroid: thin, pigmented layer lining the interior surface of the sclera. Prevents light rays from scattering and distorting the image. Anteriorly it forms the iris.
The iris regulates the size of the pupil.

Retina: lines the interior surface of the choroid. Contains photoreceptors.


Except at the optic disk (where the optic nerve attaches).
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Focusing Light
The lens and ciliary body divide the eye into two cavities. The anterior cavity is filled with aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body. The posterior cavity is filled with vitreous humor. The lens, the aqueous humor, and the vitreous humor all play a role in focusing light onto the retina.

Focusing Light
Accommodation is the focusing of light in the retina.

Mammals focus by changing the shape of the lens.


The lens is flattened for distant objects. The lens is rounded for near objects.

Vision
Photoreceptors of the retina. rod cells - light sensitive but do not
distinguish colors.

cone cells - not as light sensitive as rods but


provide color vision
Most highly concentrated on the fovea an area of the retina that lacks rods.

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Vision
Rhodopsin (retinal + opsin) is the visual pigment of rods. The absorption of light by rhodopsin initiates a signal-transduction pathway Receptor potential is hyperpolization .

Fig. 49.13
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Color reception is more complex than the rhodopsin mechanism. Three types of cone cells each with unique photopsin (green cones, red cones, blue cones)
Brains analysis of color depends on relative responses of each type of cone.

Colorblindness is due to a deficiency, or absence, of one or more photopsins.


Inherited as an X-linked trait.
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Vision
Rods and Cones synapse with nuerons called bipolar cells Bipolar cells synapse with galgion cells of optic nerve

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