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    Introduction To Medical Virology 1st Yr

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    Sangam 'Schumi' Giri
    This document provides an introduction to medical virology. It defines viruses as strictly intracellular entities that possess either DNA or RNA, but are unable to grow in ordinary media without a host cell. Viruses are classified based on several parameters including their genomic nucleic acid, size, capsid structure, host, and replication mechanism. The document also discusses viral structure, properties of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, Baltimore classification of viral replication strategies, the typical infectious viral replication cycle, and variations in this cycle.

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    Introduction To Medical Virology 1st Yr

    Uploaded by

    Sangam 'Schumi' Giri
    234 views33 pages
    This document provides an introduction to medical virology. It defines viruses as strictly intracellular entities that possess either DNA or RNA, but are unable to grow in ordinary media without a host cell. Viruses are classified based on several parameters including their genomic nucleic acid, size, capsid structure, host, and replication mechanism. The document also discusses viral structure, properties of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, Baltimore classification of viral replication strategies, the typical infectious viral replication cycle, and variations in this cycle.

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    Introduction to Medical Virology 1st Yr

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    This document provides an introduction to medical virology. It defines viruses as strictly intracellular entities that possess either DNA or RNA, but are unable to grow in ordinary media without a host cell. Viruses are classified based on several parameters including their genomic nucleic acid, size, capsid structure, host, and replication mechanism. The document also discusses viral structure, properties of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, Baltimore classification of viral replication strategies, the typical infectious viral replication cycle, and variations in this cycle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    234 views33 pages

    Introduction To Medical Virology 1st Yr

    Uploaded by

    Sangam 'Schumi' Giri
    This document provides an introduction to medical virology. It defines viruses as strictly intracellular entities that possess either DNA or RNA, but are unable to grow in ordinary media without a host cell. Viruses are classified based on several parameters including their genomic nucleic acid, size, capsid structure, host, and replication mechanism. The document also discusses viral structure, properties of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, Baltimore classification of viral replication strategies, the typical infectious viral replication cycle, and variations in this cycle.

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    Introduction to medical virology

    B.Mishra
    26.09.012

    What is viruses
    (virus: poisonous or slimy fluid)

    Strictly intra cellular Potentially pathogenic Possesing only one type of nucleic acid Multiplying in the form of their genetic material Unable to grow in ordinary media

    Lwoff (1957): Defines:Viruses should be considered as viruses because viruses are viruses

    Growth on artificial media

    binary fission

    Both DNA and RNA

    sensitivity to antibiotics >300 nm diameter

    Bacteria
    Mycoplasma

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes +/-

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Rickettsia

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Chlamydia

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    +/-

    Viruses

    No

    No

    No

    No

    No

    Relative size of viruses and bacteria

    1mm

    Sizes

    Object Protozoa

    Microscopes

    100m

    Light
    10m

    Blood cells
    1m

    Bacteria
    100nm

    UV viruses Electron Macromolecules

    10nm

    1nm

    Molecules

    1A

    Atoms

    Study of viral morphology

    Negative contrast Electron microscopy: Study of virus structure

    Thin section Electron microscopy: Study of virus and host interaction Immunoelectron microscopy: To detect either component Electron cryomicroscopy: To avoid artifact produced in negative contrast EM or Thin section EM X ray diffraction: Production of sufficient amount of pure virus/ viral component

    Structure of virus

    Viral protein Viral nucleic acid Viral lipid envelope Viral glycoproteins

    Basic virus structure

    Viral glycoprotein

    Properties of naked capsid viruses

    Properties of enveloped viruses

    Genome of DNA virus


    All double stranded except Parvovirus Arrangement:
    linear or circular
    Hepadena Papova

    Size:
    3.2 kbp to >300 kbp

    Genome of RNA virus


    SS or DS :
    Reo

    Single or segmented:
    Arena, Bunya, Orthomyxo, Reo

    Polarity:
    Positive ( mRNA) or negative sense

    Classification Parameters
    Several Parameters Are Used for Classification
    Viral classification study is referred to as Taxonomy 63 families exist so far Type of genomic nucleic acid Size of virion and genome Capsid structure Host Replication mechanism

    Classification of virus
    History: Properties of virus: filtrability Disease produced: hepatitis, resp etc Hierarchial system:
    A virus is a virus, whether to be regarded as organism is a matter of taste

    Monothetical: based on any single property Polythetical: group of properties Systematic approach: Non systematic approach:

    Types of symmetry
    Icosahedral Helical

    Icosahedral symmetry
    Icosahedron: 20 faces (equilateral triangle) 30 edges 12 corners/vertices

    5:3:2 rotational symmetry

    vertices

    e d g e s

    edges

    faces

    The icosahedral shape of a soccer ball.

    Penton subunits (black) and Hexon subunits (white)

    Complex symmetry

    Size of Viruses
    Ranges of sizes 20 nm to 500 nm (spherical) 12 nm to 300-2000 nm (rod like) Easily observed with electron microscope

    ICTV Classification
    Polythetic: collection of properties
    Non systematic:

    no fixed list of properties to be considered for all viruses


    genus species

    Hierarchial system: order family subfamily

    Nomenclature of viruses
    Taxon Order Family Subfamily Genus Suffix virales viridae virinae virus Example Mononegavirales
    (Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Filoviriridae)

    Herpesviridae
    Alphaherepesvirinae Herpes simplex virus1

    Baltimore classification
    All viruses must generate positive strand mRNA from their genome
    Basic strategy for viral replication

    Viral Replication

    Typical infectious cycle


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Attachment Penetration Uncoating Transcription and/or translation Replication Assembly Release

    Adenovirus Coxsackievirus Echovirus Epstein-Barr Virus HIV-1 Measles virus Parvovirus Poliovirus Rhinovirus

    CAR CAR, CD55 Integrin VLA-2, CD55 CD21 CD4, CCR5, CXCR4 CD46 Erythrocyte P Ag PVR ICAM-1

    Variations on the replication theme

    Viral envelope formation

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