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Organizational Behavior - Unit I

Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and organizational structure influence behavior within organizations in order to improve effectiveness. OB draws from various contributing disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science. There are few absolutes in OB as situational or contingency factors can moderate relationships. Challenges for OB include responding to globalization, managing workforce diversity, improving quality and productivity, and improving customer service.

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49 views23 pages

Organizational Behavior - Unit I

Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and organizational structure influence behavior within organizations in order to improve effectiveness. OB draws from various contributing disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science. There are few absolutes in OB as situational or contingency factors can moderate relationships. Challenges for OB include responding to globalization, managing workforce diversity, improving quality and productivity, and improving customer service.

Uploaded by

bhumiksab7
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Organizational Behavior Unit I

What is Organizational Behavior?


Organizational behavior (OB)
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.

Concept of Organizational Behavior


OB

is a subset of management activities concerned with understanding, predicting and influencing individual behavior in organizational settings

Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study


Intuition
A feeling not necessarily supported by research.

Systematic study
Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors.

Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study

Preconceived Notions

The Facts

Nature of OB
An

integral part of management Inter-disciplinary Approach Levels of Analysis Both science and Art Integrated goal orientation Behavioral Science Foundation Contingency Orientation

Toward an OB Discipline

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Psychology

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

Sociology

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


Political Science The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.

There Are Few Absolutes in OB


Contingency variables
Situational factors: variables that moderate the relationship between two or more other variables and improve the correlation.

Contingency Variables

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

Responding to Globalization

Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Coping with anti-capitalism backlash Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor Embracing diversity Changing U.S. demographics Implications for managers

Managing Workforce Diversity

Recognizing and responding to differences

Major Workforce Diversity Categories


Gender

Disability
Age

National Origin

Religion Race

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

Improving Quality and Productivity

Quality management (QM) Process reengineering Changing work force demographics Fewer skilled laborers Early retirements and older workers Increased expectation of service quality Customer-responsive cultures

Responding to the Labor Shortage


Improving Customer Service


Challenges and Opportunity for OB


Improving People Skills


Empowering People Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with Temporariness

Working in Networked Organizations


Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts Improving Ethical Behavior

Intense focus on customer


Concern for Continuous Improvement Quality Improvement Accurate Measurement of tasks done

Basic OB Model, Stage I


Model
An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

The Dependent Variables


Productivity-A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency Effectiveness- Achievement of goals Efficiency-The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it Absenteeism-The failure to report to work Turnover- The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)-Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employees formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization
Job satisfaction-A general attitude toward ones job, the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive

The Independent Variables


Independent variable
The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable. Independent Variables

Individual-Level Variables

Group-Level Variables

Organization System-Level Variables

Basic OB Model, Stage II

Need to Understand Human Behaviour


By

observing human behaviour, one can gain kn owledge one needs to better understand oneself and other people One can learn why people act and react in certain ways One can learn how to identify the various types of behaviour and needs of people One also can learn how to influence the behaviour of people so that they can see how meeting the needs of the command will satisfy their own needs

Need to Understand Human Behaviour

In organizations, no one works in isolation Ones behaviour depicts the relation of an employee with his co-workers, subordinates, seniors or bosses Behaviour of an individual shows the dedication of the employee towards his work, organization

A good and healthy behaviour can prove fruitful in terms of promotions, job recognition, increments or appraisals Bad behaviour can be disastrous for the organization

Helps us deal with our colleagues in a better way

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