INTEGRATED CHILD
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS)
ICDS is Indias primary social welfare scheme to
prevent malnutrition and health problems in children below 6 yrs & their mothers. Ultimate aims are to,
Increase birth weight, Reduce incidence of malnutrition, Increase immunization coverage, Reduce infant & child mortality rate under ICDS covered
areas.
Blueprint was laid in 1975 by department of social
welfare. As a experiment ,33 projects were undertaken in 4 urban,19 rural ,10 tribal areas over 22 states & UT of Delhi. Sanctioned in 2nd October 1975. 2 major evaluations of the project were conducted in 1978 & 1982. Based on its positive results ,govt. began to spread the service in 1982.
IMR in India is 47,while in Tamilnadu is 31.
Under 5 mortality rate is 93.
1 in 2 children under five yrs of age suffer from
moderate or severe malnutrition. 1 in 3 children does not get a full course of DPT vaccine. Every second newborn in India is at risk of reduced learning capacity due to iodine deficiency.
To improve the nutritional and health status of
children of the age 0-6 yrs. To have a proper psychological ,physical & social development. To reduce mortality ,morbidity ,malnutrition & school dropout. To achieve an co ordination of policies among various departments helping to enhance child development. To enhance capability of the mother & nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition & health education.
Government provide the service by Anganwadi
centre's / mini anganwadi centres. In rural / urban projects. 1 AWC for 400-800 population. 1 mini AWC for 150-400 population. In tribal / desert / hilly / other remote areas. 1 AWC for 300-800 population. 1 mini AWC for 150-300 population.
Beneficiary
Pregnant women
Services
Health check-up Immunization against tetanus Supplementary nutrition
Nutrition and health education
Nursing mothers
Health check-up Supplementary nutrition Nutrition and health education Supplementary nutrition Immunization Health check-up
Children less than 6 yrs
Referral services
Non formal education Supplementary nutrition
Adolescent girls 11-18 yrs
Nutrition and health education
1. Supplementary nutrition.
2. Nutrition and health education. 3. Immunization.
4. Health check-up.
5. Non formal pre-school education.
Category
Calories
Amt. of protein 12-15 grms of protein 20-25 grms of protein
Expenditure
Child 6-72 months Severely malnourished child 6-72 months Pregnant and Nursing women
500 calories
Rs.4/child/day
800 calories
Rs.6/child/day
600 calories
18-20 grms of protein
Rs .5/ person/day
As per revised nutritional and feeding norms,
more than one meal to a child is to be given. Morning snacks like milk/banana/egg/seasonal fruits
is to be given. Children suffering from 4th degree malnutrition are recommended hospitalization.
Women - 15-45 yrs ,so that they can look after their
own health ,nutrition & development needs as well as that of their family. Nursing mothers. Expectant mothers.
Against 6 vaccine preventable diseases (polio,
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis, measles)for children. Immunization against tetanus for expectant mothers.
Antenatal care.
Postnatal care for mothers.
Care of children below 6 yrs,
Record of weight & height at periodical intervals.
Watch over milestones.
Immunization. Treatment for diarrhea , respiratory tract infection etc. Deworming. Referral of serious cases to hospitals.
Given to children above 3 yrs and below 6 yrs.
To develop desirable attitude ,values & behavior
pattern. Locally produced inexpensive toys are given for play.
Prior to 2005-06 ,100% of financial assistance for
supplementary nutrition is provided by state govt. with their resources. Then in 2005-06 to support states and for its participation ,upto 50% of financial norms or expenditure is provided by central govt.
Two schemes,
Kishori Shakti Yojana.
Nutrition Programme for adolescent girls.
Implemented using the infrastructure of ICDS.
It targets Girls between 11-18 yrs.
Aims in providing,
Nutrition,
Health status,
Literacy, Numerical skills, Vocational skills.
Approved in 2009-10.
Implemented in 51 identified district for major states.
Undernourished girls of age group 11-19 yrs(<30 kg
in 11-15 yrs & <35 kg in 16-19 yrs) are the main targets. 6 kg of free food grain is given for each person / month.
There were, 6705 operational ICDS projects, 11.5 lakhs operating AWCs, 718.45 lakhs child beneficiaries, 156.86 lakhs pregnant and nursing women beneficiaries.
The functionaries are,
Child Development Project Officer
(CDPO), Supervisor (Mukhya Sevika), Anganwadi Worker (AWW), CDPO is in charge of 4 supervisors and 100 AWWs.
Provide direct link to beneficiaries.
Monitor growth of children.
Provide non formal pre-school education. Assists PHC staff in providing health services. Maintains records of immunization. Referral for sick children. Elicit community participation. Provide health service in collaboration with ANM/ASHA.
Implement adolescent girls scheme.
There is a countrywide infrastructure for the training of ICDS functionaries, viz. Anganwadi workers training centres (AWTCs) for AWWs ,AWHs. Middle level training centres (MLTCs) for Supervisors. National institute of Public co operation & child development (NIPCCD) for CDPOs.
Birth Weight of New Born Children
80 70 58.9 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 41 29 Percentage of children more than 2500 grams 71 Percentage of children less than 2500 grams of children
1992
2006
90
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 NIPCCD study 1992 Study 2006
However ,World Bank has highlighted certain shortcomings of the programme , Inability to target the girl child improvement, Participation of wealthier children more than the poorer children, Lowest level of funding for the poorest & most under nourished states of India.
