Ganga River Water Quality and Its Management in Varansi

GANGA RIVER WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN VARANSI
INTRODUCTION

River Ganga is the National River of India The river traverses a course of 2525 km before flowing into Bay of Bengal More than 400 million people reside in Ganga basin As soon as the day begins, devout Hindus begin to give their offerings of flowers or food, throwing grain or garlands of marigolds or pink lotuses into the Ganga The Ganges was ranked among the five most polluted rivers of the world in 2007, with fecal coliform levels in the river near Varanasi more than one hundred times the official Indian government limits.
Ghats near Varanasi
WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA

Water quality can be characterize by mainly following parameters: Dissolve oxygen (DO) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Fecal coliform
PARAMETERS
*PERMISSIBLE LIMIT
IN VARANASI
Dissolve oxygen (DO)

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Fecal coliform
5 mg/l
6-7mg/l
3 mg/l
12-14mg/l
250 mg/l
>250 mg/l
500-2500 MPN /100ml
88000 MPN /100ml

*Guided by CPCB
SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION
POINT SOURCES Sewage Domestic waste Industrial effluent Polluted river (Varuna) Overflow and leakage of nalas
POINT SOURCES DISCHARGING DIRECTLY INTO GANGA
Location 1. Gyan Prawah Drain 2. Samne Ghat Drain 3. Mahadev Ghat Drain
Latitude 25 16 05.1 25 16 20.5 25 16 29.8
Longitude 83 01 03.8 83 00 55.4 83 00 50.0
4. Aghoreshwar Ashram Ghat Drain

5. Ram Ghat Drain 6. Nagwa Drain (River Asi) 7. Drain at north of Ravidas Park 8. Ganga Mahal Ghat Drain 9. Niranjani Ghat Drain 10. Shiwala Ghat Drain 11. Dandi Ghat Drain 12. Harishchandra Ghat Drain 13. Vijayanagram Ghat Drain 14. Chauki Ghat Drain 15. Kshemeshwar Ghat Drain 16. Pandey Ghat Drain 17. Ahilyabai Ghat Drain 18. Rajendra Prasad Ghat Drain 19. Man Mandir Ghat Drain
25 16 33.4
25 16 42.0 25 17 00.5 25 17 04.7 25 17 22.4 25 17 44.1 25 17 46.8 25 17 50.1 25 17 53.4 25 17 55.9 25 18 01.6 25 18 03.1 25 18 13.8 25 18 20.3 25 18 24.9 25 18 27.4
83 00 48.6
83 00 44.0 83 00 34.9 83 00 32.4 83 00 24.9 83 00 27.1 83 00 27.1 83 00 28.0 83 00 27.7 83 00 28.1 83 00 28.4 83 00 28.7 83 00 30.8 83 00 37.4 83 00 40.3 83 00 41.8
20. Meer Ghat Drain 21. Lalita Ghat Drain 22. Jalasen Ghat Drain 23. Manikarnika Ghat Drain 24. Sankatha Ghat Drain 25. Bhonsle Ghat Drain 26. Mehta Ghat Drain 27. Panch Ganga Ghat Drain 28. Brahma Ghat Drain 29. Lal Ghat Drain 30. Trilochan Ghat Drain 31. Gola Ghat (sewage pumping station) 32. Nandeshwar Ghat Drain 33. Teliyanala Ghat Drain 34. Bhaisasur Ghat Drain 35. Raj Ghat Drain I (Beside bridge) 36. Raj Ghat Drain II (Below bridge) 37. Basanta College outfall (Trunk Sewer) 38. Varuna-Ganga Confluence
25 18 32.5 25 18 35.4 25 18 37.3 25 18 37.4 25 18 43.6 25 18 44.4 25 18 49.9 25 18 51.4 25 18 56.7 25 19 02.3 25 19 08.2 25 19 09.6 25 19 11.4 25 19 15.2 25 19 23.7 25 19 25.2 25 19 26.0 25 19 34.1 25 19 45.6
83 00 45.7 83 00 48.6 83 00 50.4 83 00 50.4 83 00 57.9 83 00 59.0 83 01 01.0 83 01 03.5 83 01 08.7 83 01 15.5 83 01 25.2 83 01 27.9 83 01 30.7 83 01 38.4 83 01 53.7 83 01 56.9 83 01 59.7 83 02 18.0 83 02 40.9
Nonpoint sources: Runoff from agricultural fields Solid waste Marigold flowers with pesticides Human and Cattle excreta and fecal matter Bathing and washing on ghats Cremation
SOLID WASTE DUMPING

1. Solid waste is dumped at the bank of the Ganga in Varanasi.
2. Many hazardous chemicals flow into the Ganga due to leaching.
POLLUTION PATH OF RIVER GANGES

30% of the water flow is from melted glaciers Only about a third of the sewage and industrial effluent Ill planned Dams obstruct the natural being discharged into the river Due to untreated is currently treated flow and thus sewage discharge water reducing the oxygen of the Ganga id not fit content for bathing
Indiscriminate mining and stone crushing denude the river bed at Haridwar
Half burnt bodies and huge ash are washed away in the river
Excessive pollution is Endangering the ecosystems of Ganges River Dolphin
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
Health effect like enteric diseases, diarrhoea and many

water borne diseases Water level reduction due to siltation Threats to biodiversity Socio-economic problem to livelihood of people near ghats Effect on tourism Groundwater contamination
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Ganga
Action Plan for conservation and pollution abatement of river Ganga. Discharge standards have been notified for industries under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Take appropriate action against defaulting industries under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Central Government has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) in February, 2009 This information was given by the Minister of State for Environment and Forests Shrimati Jayanthi Natarajan in a written reply in Rajya Sabha on August 30, 2011.
Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) in Varanasi

Sewage treatment plant of Diesel Locomotive Work
(DLW) Capacity: 12mld. Dinapur sewage treatment plant Capacity: 80mld. Bhagwanpur sewage treatment plant Capacity: 8mld.
CURRENT SCENARIO OF RIVER GANGA

B.O.D. in the religious bathing area remains
dangerously high evens after completion of the GAP-I BOD and the fecal coliform levels are increasing In working condition the STP is not treated very well hence BOD increases Fecal coliform level remains high as that entering the STP
REMEDIES FOR MISMANAGEMENT IN GANGA RIVER POLLUTION

Appropriate technology and suitable alternatives for
waste water interception and treatment of sewage in Varanasi By awaring people Reduce obstruction of water flow By mind setup and reduction in corruption By proper and forceful implementation of water act and environmental act River water quality monitoring at regular intervals
CONCLUSIONS
Due to excessive sewage discharge, industrial and domestic waste at various places, the quality and sacredness of Ganges has degraded Aerobic microbial activity has reduced the DO and increased the BOD Damming along the river at various places has reduced its carrying capacity to dissolve harmful things
Contd
Dolphin, the national aquatic organism (Platanista gangetica gangetica) has become endangered due to excessive pollution Indicating that the cultural, religious, social and economical value of Ganga is in danger
References
Divedi,S. 1991. Assessment of water quality of river
Ganga at Varanasi. Ph.D. Thesis. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. River Ganga At Varanasi: The Polluted Purifier, Priyadarshini Shukla And B.D. Tripathi Department Of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.). STATUS PAPER ON RIVER GANGA, national river conservation directorate ministry of environment and forest.
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GANGA RIVER WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN VARANSI

Ghats near Varanasi

WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA

Dissolve oxygen (DO)

500-2500 MPN /100ml

88000 MPN /100ml

POINT SOURCES DISCHARGING DIRECTLY INTO GANGA

Latitude 25 16 05.1 25 16 20.5 25 16 29.8

Longitude 83 01 03.8 83 00 55.4 83 00 50.0

4. Aghoreshwar Ashram Ghat Drain

SOLID WASTE DUMPING

2. Many hazardous chemicals flow into the Ganga due to leaching.

POLLUTION PATH OF RIVER GANGES

Excessive pollution is Endangering the ecosystems of Ganges River Dolphin

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) in Varanasi

CURRENT SCENARIO OF RIVER GANGA

REMEDIES FOR MISMANAGEMENT IN GANGA RIVER POLLUTION

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