RIP version 1
Routing Protocols and Concepts Chapter 5
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Objectives
Describe the functions, characteristics, and operation of the RIPv1 protocol.
Configure a device for using RIPv1. Verify proper RIPv1 operation. Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic summarization. Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1. Use recommended techniques to solve problems related to RIPv1
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RIPv1
RIP Characteristics
-A classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol
-Metric = hop count -Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable -Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds
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RIPv1
RIP Message Format RIP header - divided into 3 fields
-Command field
-Version field -Must be zero Route Entry - composed of 3 fields -Address family identifier -IP address -Metric
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RIPv1
RIP Operation
RIP uses 2 message types:
Request message -This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled interface -Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send routing table Response message -Message sent to requesting router containing routing table
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RIPv1
IP addresses initially divided into classes -Class A -Class B
-Class C
RIP is a classful routing protocol
-Does not send subnet masks in routing updates
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RIPv1
Administrative Distance RIPs default administrative distance is 120
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Basic RIPv1 Configuration
A typical topology suitable for use by RIPv1 includes: -Three router set up
-No PCs attached to LANs
-Use of 5 different IP subnets
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Basic RIPv1 Configuration
Router RIP Command To enable RIP enter:
-Router rip at the global configuration prompt
-Prompt will look like R1(config-router)#
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Basic RIPv1 Configuration
Specifying Networks
Use the network command to:
-Enable RIP on all
interfaces that belong to this network -Advertise this network in RIP updates sent to other routers every 30 seconds
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Verification and Troubleshooting
Show ip Route To verify and troubleshoot routing
-Use the following
commands: -show ip route
-show ip protocols
-debug ip rip
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Verification and Troubleshooting
show ip protocols command -Displays routing protocol configured on router
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Debug ip rip command
Verification and Troubleshooting
-Used to display RIP routing updates as they are happening
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Verification and Troubleshooting
Passive interface command -Used to prevent a router from sending updates through an interface -Example:
Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number
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Verification and Troubleshooting
Passive interfaces
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Automatic Summarization
Modified Topology
The original scenario has been modified such that:
Three classful networks are used: 172.30.0.0/16 192.168.4.0/24 192.168.5.0/24 The 172.30.0.0/16 network is subnetted into three subnets: 172.30.1.0/24 172.30.2.0/24 172.30.3.0/24 The following devices are part of the 172.30.0.0/16 classful network address: All interfaces on R1 S0/0/0 and Fa0/0 on R2
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Automatic Summarization
Configuration Details -To remove the RIP routing process use the following command No router rip -To check the configuration use the following command Show run
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Boundary Routers
Automatic Summarization
RIP automatically summarizes classful networks Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one major network to another.
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Automatic Summarization
Processing RIP Updates 2 rules govern RIPv1 updates:
-If a routing update and the interface its received on belong to the same network then The subnet mask of the interface is applied to the network in the routing update -If a routing update and the interface its received on belong to a different network then The classful subnet mask of the network is applied to the network in the routing update.
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Automatic Summarization
Sending RIP Updates
RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the size of a routing table.
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Automatic Summarization
Advantages of automatic summarization: -The size of routing updates is reduced -Single routes are used to represent multiple routes which results in faster lookup in the routing table.
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Automatic Summarization
Disadvantage of Automatic Summarization:
-Does not support discontiguous networks
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Automatic Summarization
Discontiguous Topologies do not converge with RIPv1 A router will only advertise major network addresses out interfaces that do not belong to the advertised route.
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Default Route and RIPv1
Modified Topology: Scenario C
Default routes
Packets that are not defined specifically in a routing table will go to the specified interface for the default route Example: Customer routers use default routes to connect to an ISP router. Command used to configure a default route is ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1
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Default Route and RIPv1
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Default Route and RIPv1
Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1 Default-information originate command
-This command is used to specify that the router is to originate default information, by propagating the static default route in RIP update.
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Summary
RIP characteristics include:
Classful, distance vector routing protocol Metric is Hop Count
Does not support VLSM or discontiguous subnets
Updates every 30 seconds Rip messages are encapsulated in a UDP segment with source and destination ports of 520
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Summary: Commands used by RIP
Command
Rtr(config)#router rip Rtr(config-router)#network
Commands purpose
Enables RIP routing process Associates a network with a RIP routing process
Rtr#debug ip rip
Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Rtr#show ip protocols
used to view real time RIP routing updates
Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface Used by RIP to propagate default routes Used to display timers used by RIP
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