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Today's Topic: We Will Learn: Introduction To Operating Systems

This document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is, its basic functions such as controlling memory and I/O devices, and the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time sharing systems. The structure of an operating system is explained as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Different types of operating systems are also introduced, including single-user and multi-user systems.

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Vijendra Magare
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33 views

Today's Topic: We Will Learn: Introduction To Operating Systems

This document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is, its basic functions such as controlling memory and I/O devices, and the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time sharing systems. The structure of an operating system is explained as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Different types of operating systems are also introduced, including single-user and multi-user systems.

Uploaded by

Vijendra Magare
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

Today's Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems

We will learn
1. 2. 3. 4. What is Operating System? What OS does? Structure of OS Evolution of OS Batch Processing, Multiprogramming, Time sharing systems 5. Operating System Functions 6. Main Funtions of OS 7. Types of OS Single User, Multi User systems

Operating Systems

What is OS?

Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use. The OS organizes and controls the hardware. OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware.

Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,

What OS does?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as,

controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems.

Structure of Operating System:


Application Programs System Programs Software (Operating System) HARDWARE

(Contd)

Structure of Operating System

The structure of OS consists of 4 layers: 1. Hardware Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc,
2.

Software (Operating System) Software includes process management routines, memory management routines, I/O control routines, file management routines.
(Contd)

Structure of Operating System (Contd):


3.

System programs This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers, linker etc. Application programs This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway reservation system, Bank database management etc.,

4.

Evolution of OS:

The evolution of operating systems went through seven major phases. Six of them significantly changed the ways in which users accessed computers through the open shop, batch processing, multiprogramming, timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems. In the seventh phase the foundations of concurrent programming were developed and demonstrated in model operating systems.
(Contd)

Multiprogramming:

Multiprogramming is a technique to execute number of programs simultaneously by a single processor. In Multiprogramming, number of processes reside in main memory at a time. The OS picks and begins to executes one of the jobs in the main memory. If any I/O wait happened in a process, then CPU switches from that job to another job. Hence CPU in not idle at any time.

Multiprogramming (Contd):
OS
Figure

Job 1
Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 Job 5

dipicts the layout of multiprogramming system. The main memory consists of 5 jobs at a time, the CPU executes one by one.

Advantages:
Efficient memory utilization Throughput increases CPU is never idle, so performance increases.

Time Sharing Systems:

Time sharing, or multitasking, is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Multiple jobs are executed by switching the CPU between them. In this, the CPU time is shared by different processes, so it is called as Time sharing Systems. Time slice is defined by the OS, for sharing CPU time between processes. Examples: Multics, Unix, etc.,

Operating Systems functions:

The main functions of operating systems are:


1. Program creation 2. Program execution

3. Input/Output operations
4. Error detection 5. Resource allocation 6. Accounting 7. protection

Types of OS:
Operating System can also be classified as,

Single User Systems

Multi User Systems

Single User Systems:

Provides a platform for only one user at a time. They are popularly associated with Desk Top operating system which run on standalone systems where no user accounts are required. Example: DOS

Multi-User Systems:

Provides regulated access for a number of users by maintaining a database of known users. Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous users. Another term for multi-user is time sharing. Ex: All mainframes and are multi-user systems. Example: Unix

Thank You!!!

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