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Lesson 09 - Gas Turbines I

This document provides an overview of gas turbine theory and construction. It describes the basic components of gas turbines including the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The compressor draws in and compresses air, which is then mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases produced drive the turbine, which provides energy to power the compressor and external loads. The document also discusses support systems for gas turbines such as air, fuel, lubrication, starting, and power transmission systems. It explains different gas turbine configurations including turbojet, turbofan, and marine systems.

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47 views19 pages

Lesson 09 - Gas Turbines I

This document provides an overview of gas turbine theory and construction. It describes the basic components of gas turbines including the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The compressor draws in and compresses air, which is then mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases produced drive the turbine, which provides energy to power the compressor and external loads. The document also discusses support systems for gas turbines such as air, fuel, lubrication, starting, and power transmission systems. It explains different gas turbine configurations including turbojet, turbofan, and marine systems.

Uploaded by

Suyog131123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gas Turbine Theory and Construction

Introduction

Comprehend the thermodynamic processes occurring in a gas turbine Comprehend the basic components of gas turbine engines and their basic operation Comprehend the support systems associated with gas turbine engines

Background

Aircraft turbojet/turbofan engines are precursors to gas turbines Installed for propulsion in:

FFGs DDs DDGs CGs M-1 tanks

Also used for electrical generation & auxiliary applications

Basic Components

Basic Components

Basic Components

Compressor

Draws in air & compresses it Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with compressed air Hot gases converted to work Can drive compressor & external load

Combustion Chamber

Turbine

Basic Components

Compressor

Draws in air & compresses it Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with compressed air Hot gases converted to work Can drive compressor & external load

Combustion Chamber

Turbine

Basic Components

Compressor

Draws in air & compresses it Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with compressed air Hot gases converted to work Can drive compressor & external load

Combustion Chamber

Turbine

Use of Compressed Air

Primary Air (30%)

Passes directly to combustor for combustion process Passes through holes in perforated inner shell & mixes with combustion gases Insulates/cools turbine blades

Secondary Air (65%)

Film Cooling Air (5%)

Combustion Chambers

Where air & fuel are mixed, ignited, and burned Spark plugs used to ignite fuel Types

Can: for small, centrifugal compressors Annular: for larger, axial compressors (LM 2500) Can-annular: rarely used

Turbines

Consists of one or more stages designed to develop rotational energy Uses sets of nozzles & blades Single shaft

Power coupling on same shaft as turbine Same shaft drives rotor of compressor and power components

Turbines

Split Shaft

Gas generator turbine drives compressor Power turbine separate from gas generator turbine Power turbine driven by exhaust from gas generator turbine Power turbine drives power coupling

Dual Shaft, Split Shaft

Gas Turbine Systems

Air System

Air intakes are located high up & multiple filters Exhaust discharged out stacks Uses either DFM or JP-5 Supply bearings and gears with oil

Fuel System

Lubrication System

Gas Turbine Accessory Systems

Starting System

To get compressor initially rotated, HP air used (can use electrical also) Once at certain RPM, fuel injected and spark ignited Reduction gears used to transfer torque With split shaft, turbines can run @ different speeds

Power Transmission System


Engine Power Transfer

Turbojet

Thrust provided by reaction against expansion of exhaust gases Thrust provided by reaction against expansion of large volumes of air

Turbofan

Marine systems

Thrust provided by turbine

SCRAMjet/RAMjet

Whats Important

Block Diagram of Split-Shaft GTG system Types of Compression and characteristics Major difference between aviation and marine GTs

Questions?

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