Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 658 views

    International Business Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    Rabiatul Andawiyah
    The foreign-exchange market is worth $3 trillion daily. The U.S. Dollar is the most important currency on the foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank of the united states.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    International Business Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    Rabiatul Andawiyah
    658 views20 pages
    The foreign-exchange market is worth $3 trillion daily. The U.S. Dollar is the most important currency on the foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank of the united states.

    Original Title

    international business chapter 9

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The foreign-exchange market is worth $3 trillion daily. The U.S. Dollar is the most important currency on the foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank of the united states.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    658 views20 pages

    International Business Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    Rabiatul Andawiyah
    The foreign-exchange market is worth $3 trillion daily. The U.S. Dollar is the most important currency on the foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank of the united states.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the document discusses the fundamentals of foreign exchange markets, how they work, major participants, common instruments used, and importance of the US dollar.

    The major players in the foreign exchange market are dealer banks, other financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, and non-financial institutions such as multinational corporations and central banks.

    Common foreign exchange instruments discussed are spots transactions, outright forwards, FX swaps, currency swaps, options, and futures contracts.

    International Business Environments and Operations

    Part 4 World Financial Environment

    9-1
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Chapter 9

    Global Foreign Exchange Markets

    9-2
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Chapter Objectives
    To learn the fundamentals of foreign exchange To identify the major characteristics of the foreignexchange market and how governments control the flow of currencies across national borders To describe how the foreign-exchange market works To examine the different institutions that deal in foreign exchange To understand why companies deal in foreign exchange
    9-3
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    What is Foreign Exchange?


    Money denominated in the currency of another nation or group of nations Can be in the form of cash, funds available on credit and debit cards, travelers checks, bank deposits, or other short-term claims An exchange rate is the price of a currency

    9-4
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Players on the Foreign Exchange Market


    The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) divides the foreign-exchange market into reporting dealers (also known as dealer banks or money center banks), other financial institutions, and non-financial institutions.

    9-5
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Aspects of the Foreign Exchange Market


    Over-the-counter (OTC) commercial and investment banks. Securities exchanges CME, NASDAQ OMX, NYSE Liffe

    9-6
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Traditional Foreign Exchange Instruments


    Spot Transactions Outright Forward Transactions FX Swap Currency Swaps Options Futures Contract

    9-7
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Size, Composition, and Location of the Foreign Exchange Market


    Size of the foreign-exchange market$3.2 trillion daily The U.S. dollar is the most important currency on the foreign-exchange market Frequently Traded Currency Pairs Top two pairs include EUR/USD and USD/JPY

    9-8
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Global Foreign Exchange: Currency Distribution

    9-9
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Geographical Distribution of Foreign Exchange Markets

    9-10
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Reasons Why Dollar is Widely Traded


    1. Its an investment currency in many capital markets. 2. Its a reserve currency in many central banks. 3. Its a transaction currency in many international commodity markets. 4. Its an invoice currency in many contracts. 5. Its an intervention currency employed by monetary authorities in market operations to influence their own exchange rates.
    9-11
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    The Spot Market


    The spot market is for foreign-exchange transactions that occur within 2 business days.

    Direct and Indirect Quotas


    A dealer (US based) quotes for the British pounds $1.6469/71; means: the dealer is willing to buy pounds at $1.6469 each and sell them for $1.6471 each.

    Base and Term Currencies


    When dealers quote currencies to their customers, they always quote the base currency (the denominator) first, followed by the terms currency (the numerator).

    Inter-bank Transactions
    Transactions between banks.
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    9-12

    The Forward Market


    The forward rate is the rate quoted for transactions that call for delivery after two business days.

    Forward Discounts-exist when the forward rate is less than the spot rate. Forward Premiums-exist when the forward rate is greater than the spot rate.

    Options
    Option- is the right, but not the obligation, to trade (buy/sell) a foreign currency at a specific exchange rate.

    Futures
    Futures-specifies an exchange rate in advance of the actual exchange of currency.
    9-13
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    The Foreign Exchange Trading Process

    9-14
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Banks and Exchanges


    The top banks in the inter-bank market in foreign exchange are so ranked because of their ability to Trade in specific market locations. Engage in major currencies and cross-trades. Deal in specific currencies. Handle derivatives (forwards, options, futures, swaps). Conduct key market research.

    9-15
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Foreign-Exchange Trades: Top Commercial and Investment Banks, 2009 as Ranked by Overall Market Share

    9-16
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Top Exchanges for Trading Foreign Exchange


    Firms can also use securities exchanges for derivatives trade in foreign exchange. CME Group NASDAQ OMX NYSE Liffe

    9-17
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    Future: Where are foreign exchange markets headed?


    Restrictions to the free flow of goods and services should diminish Technological developments cause foreign exchange trades to be executed more quickly and cheaply. Internet trade will increase currency price transparency and increase the ease of trading, thus allowing more investors into the market.
    9-18
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    How Companies Use Foreign Exchange


    Business Purpose I Cash Flow Aspects of Imports and Exports Commercial Bills of Exchange Letters of Credit

    Business Purpose II (sometimes companies deal in foreign exchange for profit!!) Other Financial Flows Speculation Buying or selling of a commodity (in this case foreign
    currency) that has both an element of risk and the chance of great profit.

    Arbitrage Purchase of foreign currency on one market for immediate


    resale on another market (in different country) to profit from price discrepancy.
    9-19
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

    9-20
    Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

    You might also like