Review!: - Which of These Functions Have No Y-Intercepts?
Review!: - Which of These Functions Have No Y-Intercepts?
Review!: - Which of These Functions Have No Y-Intercepts?
What is the y-intercept of f(x)=2cos(3x)+4? What is the period of f(x) = cot(x)? What are the general shapes of the plots of the six trigonometric functions?
Which of these functions have no y-intercepts?
What is the amplitude of f(x) = cos(x)? Outline the method of plotting the ff.:
f(x) = sec(x+/4).
Review!
A tree is situated on a hill. At a point P, 23 m down the hill from the tree, the angle subtended by the tree is 18.5. If the height of the tree is 36.5 m, at what angle is the hill inclined with the horizontal?
Review!
A triangular lot has sides of lengths 242 ft, 160 ft, and 184 ft. If the cost per square foot of the land is appraised at $40, what is the appraised value of the lot?
Refresh: Vectors
Vector ordered pair of real numbers <x,y>
< and > are used to distinguish from point in Cartesian plane x and y are called components
Parallelogram/Triangle Rule
Used when there are two vectors only
v p / g v p / s vs / g
General form:
f(x) = A[B(x-h)]+k
Q: What if you want your function to lean to the right and yet have the steps to go hole point?
f(x) = A[B(x-h)]+k
A vertical distance between steps
steepness of slope
Example. 2[-0.5x+2]
B = -0.5
steps are 2 units long; descending holepoint
A=2
Steps are 2 units apart vertically
h=4
plot moves four units to the right
Polynomial Function
P(x)=anxn + an-1xn-1 + ... + a1x + a0
degree of polynomial: n leading coefficient: an constant term: a0
Examples: (find the # of positive, negative, and imaginary roots) P(x) = x4 + 2x2 5 F(x) = 6x4 x3 + 2x 3
3. Possible Zeroes?
4. Zeroes?
Ans. 1m2, 2, 3
R(x) = P(x)/Q(x)
P and Q are both polynomials Simplest: f(x) = 1/x
Asymptote
Vertical (x=a): As xa, R(x) Horizontal (y=b): As x , R(x)b Oblique (y=mx+b): As x , R(x)mx+b
Horizontal Asymptote
f(x) = A^(Bx) * sin(x)
As x , f(x)0.
VA: x = a if Q(a) = 0. HA
deg(P) < deg(Q) HA: y=0 (x-axis) deg(P) = deg(Q) HA: y pn
pn leading coeff. of P(x) qn leading coeff. of Q(x)
qn
Revisited Example
If deg(P) < deg(Q): find HA. If deg(P) = deg(Q) + 1: find OA. Use table of signs to fill in the gaps in between.
x 1 Example: Plot f ( x) 3 x x
2
Example: Plot
x 3x 4 f ( x) 2 x 3x 4
2
Factor both numerator and denominator. vertical asymptote(s)? x-intercept(s)? horizontal or oblique asymptote?
Table of signs
Factors (x-4) (x+1) (x+4) -4 0 + -1 0 + + + 1 + + + + 4 0 + + + + +
0 0
+ -
+ 0
+ +
Example: Plot
x2 2x 8 f ( x) x3
Factor both numerator and denominator. vertical asymptote(s)? x-intercept(s)? horizontal or oblique asymptote?
Table of signs
Factors (x-2) (x+4) (x+3) -4 0 + -3 + 0 + + 2 0 + + + + +
Sign of f(x)
NOT a function.
Forms of Equations
Standard Equation (SE): (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2
Easier to plot: center (h,k); radius r.
r2 > 0: circle r2 = 0: point (h , k) r2 < 0: no plot!
General Equation: x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
the coefficients of x2 and y2 should be 1.
Converting GE SE
Use completing the square! Examples: a) x2 + y2 +6x 2y 15 = 0 b) x2 + y2 4x + 10y + 29 = 0 c) x2 + y2 +6x 1 = 0 d) 3x2 + 3y2 +4y 7 = 0
Example. Find the GE of the circle passing through (-3,-2);(-1,2) and (5,-1).
The line with equation 2x 3y = 10 touches the circle with centre M(-2, 4) at the point A. Find the equation of the circle and the coordinates of A.
Example. Given the circle x2 + y2 = 16 and a point P(8, 2). Find the equation of the tangents from P to the circle, and find the point of tangency.
Given: A circle, a point not on the circle, and the point of tangency.
Find: the circle which contains the given point and is tangent to the given circle.
Example. Find the SE of the circle externally tangent to the circle (x+5)2 + (y+1)2 = 2at (-4,-2) and passing through (2 , 0).
Ans. (GE) x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y 20 = 0