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1 Mod051 01

An IP address consists of 32 bits represented in dotted-decimal notation with four numbers separated by periods. The address identifies both a network and specific device or host on that network. IP addresses are divided into classes A, B, and C which determine how many bits are used for the network ID and host ID portions. Class A uses 7 bits for network and 24 for host, Class B uses 14 network bits and 16 host bits, and Class C uses 21 network bits and 8 host bits. Each class has a different range of possible network addresses and number of possible hosts per network.

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46 views11 pages

1 Mod051 01

An IP address consists of 32 bits represented in dotted-decimal notation with four numbers separated by periods. The address identifies both a network and specific device or host on that network. IP addresses are divided into classes A, B, and C which determine how many bits are used for the network ID and host ID portions. Class A uses 7 bits for network and 24 for host, Class B uses 14 network bits and 16 host bits, and Class C uses 21 network bits and 8 host bits. Each class has a different range of possible network addresses and number of possible hosts per network.

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tanboonkiat
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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IP Addressing

An IP address consists of 32 bits. Presented as four decimal numbers separated by dots : dotted-decimal notation. Each number is 8 bits Eg 176. 15. 123. 11 IP address has two parts: Network ID Host ID
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IP Addressing
Binary and decimal conversion Example:

176. 15. 123. 11 10110000. 00001111. 01111011. 00001011 Each number is represented by 8 binary bits.

IP Addressing - Network and Host ID

Network ID : Assigned by Internet Network Information Center. Assigned by upper organization. Identifies the network to which a device is attached. Host ID : Assigned by a network administrator. Identifies the specific device on that network.
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IP Addressing

Network Bits : Identifies network ID Identifies class of the IP address All network bits are 0: NOT allowed Host Bits : Identifies host ID All host bits are 0: reserved for network address All host bits are 1: reserved for broadcast address
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IP Address Classes
Bit #

18

9..16

17....24

2532

1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet Class A Class B Class C

Network Network Network

Host Network Network

Host Host Network

Host Host Host

Different class addresses reserve different number of bits for the network and host portions of the address Provide the flexibility required to support different size networks
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IP address classes
Class
A B C

Leading bits (1 Octet) Network Bits Host Bits


0 (1 to 127) 10 (128 to 191) 110 (192 to 223) 7 14 21 24 16 8

st

1st Octet Class A Class B

2nd Octet

3rd Octet

4th Octet

0NNN NNNN . HHHH HHHH . HHHH HHHH . HHHH HHHH


10NN NNNN . NNNN NNNN . HHHH HHHH . HHHH HHHH 110N NNNN . NNNN NNNN . NNNN NNNN . HHHH HHHH N and H can be 0 or 1
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Class C

IP address classes

Class A

Total no. of network 126 (27 2)

Total no. of host per network 16,777,214 (224 2)

B
C

16,384 (214 )
2,097,152 (221 )

65,534 (216 2)
254 (28 2)

For Class A network, 127. 0. 0. 0 is reserved for loop back testing and all network bits 0 is not allowed. Hence only 126 networks can be created

IP address classes: Class A


First bit is always 0. First octet is used to identify the network part of the address. Possible range of class A network address : 1.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0. The remaining three octets identify the host portion of the address. Each class A network have up to 16,777,214 possible IP addresses.

IP address classes: Class B


First 2 bits is always 1 0. First two octets identify network part of the address. Possible range of class B network address : 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0. The remaining two octets identify the host portion of the address. Each class B network have up to 65,534 possible IP addresses.

IP address classes: Class C

First 3 bits is always 1 1 0. First three octets to identify the network part of the address. Possible range of class C network address : 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0. The last octet identify the host portion of the address. Each class C network have up to 254 possible IP addresses.
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IP address classes: Summary


Class Network Address Range Remark 127. X. X. X - reserved for loopback testing and cannot be assigned to a network -

1. 0. 0. 0 126. 0. 0. 0
128. 0. 0. 0 191. 255. 0 . 0 192. 0. 0. 0 223. 255. 255. 0 224. 0. 0. 0 - < 240. 0. 0. 0 >= 240. 0. 0. 0

C D E

Multicast (send from 1 source to a few destination host) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) reserved it for research
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