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Java Script Objects (Contd) Class 3

The document discusses JavaScript objects like arrays, booleans, and math. It provides examples of creating and manipulating arrays using methods like pop(), push(), splice() and sort(). It also explains how to create Boolean objects and discusses the true and false values. Additionally, it describes the JavaScript Math object which contains constants and methods for mathematical tasks like rounding, generating random numbers, and finding the maximum value.

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Aravapalli Rama Satish
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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90 views

Java Script Objects (Contd) Class 3

The document discusses JavaScript objects like arrays, booleans, and math. It provides examples of creating and manipulating arrays using methods like pop(), push(), splice() and sort(). It also explains how to create Boolean objects and discusses the true and false values. Additionally, it describes the JavaScript Math object which contains constants and methods for mathematical tasks like rounding, generating random numbers, and finding the maximum value.

Uploaded by

Aravapalli Rama Satish
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAVA SCRIPT OBJECTS(CONTD..

JavaScript Array Object

The Array object is used to store multiple values in a single variable. An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value, at a time. An array can be defined in three ways.

var myCars=new Array(); // regular array (add an optional integer myCars[0]="Saab"; // argument to control array's size) myCars[1]="Volvo"; myCars[2]="BMW";

var

myCars=new Array("Saab","Volvo","BMW"); // condensed array var myCars=["Saab","Volvo","BMW"]; // literal array

Note: If you specify numbers or true/false values inside the array then the variable type will be Number or Boolean, instead of String. You can refer to a particular element in an array by referring to the name of the array and the index number. The index number starts at 0. Ex: document.write(myCars[0]);

To modify a value in an existing array, just add a new value to the array with a specified index number:

mycars[1] = "Volvo"; mycars[2] = "BMW"; for (i=0;i<mycars.length;i++) { document.write(mycars[i] + "<br />"); } </script> </body> </html>

myCars[0]="Opel"; document.write(myCars[0]); will result in the following output: Opel

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body>

<script type="text/javascript"> var i; var mycars = new Array(); mycars[0] = "Saab";

<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var x; var mycars = new Array(); mycars[0] = "Saab"; mycars[1] = "Volvo"; mycars[2] = "BMW"; for (x in mycars) { document.write(mycars[x] + "<br />"); } </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to join two arrays. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var parents = ["Jani", "Tove"]; var children = ["Cecilie", "Lone"]; var family = parents.concat(children); document.write(family); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to join three arrays. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var parents = ["Jani", "Tove"]; var brothers = ["Stale", "Kai Jim", "Borge"]; var children = ["Cecilie", "Lone"]; var family = parents.concat(brothers, children); document.write(family); </script> </body> </html>

The following example shows you how to join all elements of an array into a string. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.join() + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.join("+") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.join(" and ")); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to remove the last element of an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.pop() + "<br />"); document.write(fruits + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.pop() + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to add new elements to the end of an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.push("Kiwi") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.push("Lemon","Pineapple") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> </body> </html>

In the following example, you see how to reverse the order of the elements in an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.reverse()); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to remove the first element of an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.shift() + "<br />"); document.write(fruits + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.shift() + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to use slice() to select elements from an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.slice(0,1) + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.slice(1) + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.slice(-2) + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> </body> </html>

The following three examples demonstrate how to use sort(). The first sort() example shows how to sort alphabetically and ascending. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.sort()); </script> </body> </html>

The next sort() example demonstrates how to sort numerically and ascending. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> function sortNumber(a, b) { return a - b; } var n = ["10", "5", "40", "25", "100", "1"]; document.write(n.sort(sortNumber)); </script> </body> </html>

The third sort() example demonstrates how to sort numerically and descending. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> function sortNumber(a, b) { return b - a; } var n = ["10", "5", "40", "25", "100", "1"]; document.write(n.sort(sortNumber)); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to use splice() to add an element to the second position in an array. The splice() method adds/removes items to/from an array, and returns the removed item(s). array.splice(index,howmany,item1,.....,itemX) <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write("Removed: " + fruits.splice(2,0,"Lemon") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> </body> </html>

The following example shows you how to convert an array to a string. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.toString()); </script> </body> </html>

The following example shows you how to add new elements to the beginning of an array. <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; document.write(fruits.unshift("Kiwi") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits.unshift("Lemon","Pineapple") + "<br />"); document.write(fruits); </script> <p><b>Note:</b> The unshift() method does not work properly in Internet Explorer, it only returns undefined!</p> </body> </html>

JavaScript Boolean Object

The Boolean object is used to convert a nonBoolean value to a Boolean value (true or false). The Boolean object represents two values: true or false. The following code creates a Boolean object called myBoolean: var myBoolean=new Boolean(); If the Boolean object has no initial value or if it is 0, -0, null, , false, undefined, or NaN, the object is set to false. Otherwise, it is true (even with the string false)!

All the following lines of code create Boolean objects with an initial value of false:
var myBoolean=new Boolean(); var myBoolean=new Boolean(0); var myBoolean=new Boolean(null); var myBoolean=new Boolean(""); var myBoolean=new Boolean(false); var myBoolean=new Boolean(NaN);

And all the following lines of code create Boolean objects with an initial value of true:
var myBoolean=new Boolean(true); var myBoolean=new Boolean("true"); var myBoolean=new Boolean("false"); var myBoolean=new Boolean("Richard");

<html> <body> <script type=text/javascript> var b1=new Boolean(0); var b2=new Boolean(1); var b3=new Boolean(); var b4=new Boolean(null); var b5=new Boolean(NaN); var b6=new Boolean(false); document.write(0 is boolean + b1 +<br />); document.write(1 is boolean + b2 +<br />);

document.write(An empty string is boolean + b3 + <br/>); document.write(null is boolean + b4+ <br />); document.write(NaN is boolean + b5 +<br />); document.write(The string false is boolean + b6 + <br/>); </script> </body> </html>

JavaScript Math Object

The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks. The Math object includes several mathematical constants and methods. The syntax for using properties/methods of Math is as follows:

var pi_value=Math.PI; var sqrt_value=Math.sqrt(16);

The Math object is provided by JavaScript and does not need to be created by the programmer. In fact, trying to create a Math object using new() will result in a JavaScript error.

JavaScript provides eight mathematical constants that can be accessed from the Math object. These are E, PI, square root of 2, square root of 1/2, natural log of 2, natural log of 10, base-2 log of E, and base-10 log of E.

Math.E Math.PI Math.SQRT2 Math.SQRT1_2 Math.LN2 Math.LN10 Math.LOG2E Math.LOG10E

The following example uses the round() method of the Math object to round a number to the nearest integer: document.write(Math.round(4.7)); The preceding code results in the following output: 5 The following example uses the random() method of the Math object to return a random number between 0 and 1: document.write(Math.random()); The preceding code can result in the following output: 0.07730209357983464 The following example uses the floor() and random() methods of the Math object to return a random number between 0 and 10: document.write(Math.floor(Math.random()*11)); The preceding code can result in the following output:1

Example on Math.round()
<html> <body> <script type=text/javascript> document.write(Math.round(0.60) + <br />); document.write(Math.round(0.50) + <br />); document.write(Math.round(0.49) + <br />); document.write(Math.round(-4.40) + <br />); document.write(Math.round(-4.60)); </script> </body> </html>

Example on Math.random() and Math.floor()


<html> <body> <script type=text/javascript> document.write(Math.random() + <br />); //return a random integer between 0 and 10 document.write(Math.floor(Math.random()*11)); </script> </body> </html>

Example on Math.max()
<html> <body> <script type=text/javascript> document.write(Math.max(5,10) + <br />); document.write(Math.max(0,150,30,20,38) + <br />); document.write(Math.max(-5,10) + <br />); document.write(Math.max(-5,-10) + <br />); document.write(Math.max(1.5,2.5)); </script> </body> </html>

Example on Math.min()
<html> <body> <script type=text/javascript> document.write(Math.min(5,10) + <br />); document.write(Math.min(0,150,30,20,38) + <br />); document.write(Math.min(-5,10) + <br />); document.write(Math.min(-5,-10) + <br />); document.write(Math.min(1.5,2.5)); </script> </body> </html>

JavaScript RegExp Object

A regular expression is an object that describes a pattern of characters. When you search in a text, you can use a pattern to describe what you are searching for. A simple pattern can be a single character. A more complicated pattern can consist of more characters and can be used for parsing, format checking, substitution, and more. Regular expressions are used to perform powerful pattern-matching and search and replace functions on text. The syntax is as follows: var txt=new RegExp(pattern,modifiers); or more simply: var txt=/pattern/modifiers;

The syntax follows a couple of general guidelines:


The pattern specifies the pattern of an expression. The modifiers specify whether a search should be global, case-sensitive.

The i modifier is used to perform case-insensitive matching. The g modifier is used to perform a global match (find all matches rather than stopping after the first match). The following example demonstrates how to do a case-insensitive search for w3schools in a string:
var str="Visit W3Schools"; var patt1=/w3schools/i;

<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var str = "Visit W3Schools"; var patt1 = /w3schools/i; document.write(str.match(patt1)); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to do a global search for is:


var str="Is this all there is?"; var patt1=/is/g;

Ex:

<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> var str="Is this all there is?"; var patt1=/is/g; document.write(str.match(patt1)); </script> </body> </html>

The following example demonstrates how to do a global, caseinsensitive search for is:

var str="Is this all there is?"; var patt1=/is/gi;

<html> <body>
<script type="text/javascript"> var str="Is this all there is?"; var patt1=/is/gi; document.write(str.match(patt1)); </script> </body> </html>

test() method of regular expression


The test() method searches a string for a specified value and returns true or false, depending on the result. The following example searches a string for the character e: var patt1=new RegExp("e"); document.write(patt1.test("The best things in life are free")); Because there is an e in the string, the output of the preceding code is as follows: true

exec() method of regular expression


The exec() method searches a string for a specified value and returns the text of the found value. If no match is found, it returns null. The following example searches a string for the character e: var patt1=new RegExp("e"); document.write(patt1.exec("The best things in life are free")); Because there is an e in the string, the output of the preceding code is: e

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