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SS Types

Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive film that prevents corrosion. There are three main types: austenitic stainless steels contain less than 0.15% carbon and 8% nickel; ferritic steels have lower chromium and nickel but are less expensive; and martensitic steels are very strong but have low corrosion resistance. The document also discusses steel classifications by the SAE and AISI.

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73 views2 pages

SS Types

Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive film that prevents corrosion. There are three main types: austenitic stainless steels contain less than 0.15% carbon and 8% nickel; ferritic steels have lower chromium and nickel but are less expensive; and martensitic steels are very strong but have low corrosion resistance. The document also discusses steel classifications by the SAE and AISI.

Uploaded by

Archana Soman
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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STAINLESS STEEL

Stainless steel is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5[1] or 11% chromium content by mass. Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of chromium present. Unprotected carbon steel rusts readily when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film (the rust) is active and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide. Stainless steels contain sufficient chromium to form a passive film of chromium oxide, which prevents further surface corrosion and blocks corrosion from spreading into the metal's internal structure. 1) The 300 series is the austenitic steel which contain <.15 % carbon. The term L denotes that the carbon content is below 0.03%. 2) The ferritic stainless steels generally have better engineering properties than austenitic grades, but have reduced corrosion resistance, due to the lower chromium and nickel content. They are also usually less expensive. They contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any, but some types can contain lead. Most compositions include molybdenum; some, aluminium or titanium. 3) The martensitic stainless steel again has low corrosion resistance but is extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machinable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium (1214%), molybdenum (0.21%), nickel (less than 2%), and carbon (about 0.11%) (Giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). Useturbines. (Is the 400 series.) The steel used in our plants include mostly austenitic stainless steel like SS 304 L. During welding, it is possible chromium reacts with carbon to form chromium carbide. This reduces the vailability of chromium to form a passive chromium oxide layer which leads to corrosion. This is called sensetisation. Low carbon content reduces the chance of corrosion. SS 304 L contains 18% chromium , 8% nickel. Tis is used because our environment mostly consists of nitric acid. Steel has a number of classifications: 1) The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established standards for specific analysis of steels. In the 10XX series, the first digit indicates a plain carbon steel. The second digit indicates a modification in the alloys. 10XX means that it is a plain carbon steel where the second digit (zero ) indicates that there is no modification in the alloys. The last two digits denote the carbon content in points. For example SAE 1040 is a carbon steel where 40 points represent 0.40 % Carbon content. Alloy steels are indicated by 2XXX, 3XXX, 4XXX, etc.. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) in cooperation with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) revised the percentages of the alloys to be used in the making of steel, retained the numbering system, and added letter prefixes to indicate the method used in steel making. The letter prefixes are: A = alloy, basic open hearth B = carbon, acid Bessemer C = carbon, basic open hearth

D = carbon, acid open hearth E = electric furnace If the prefix is omitted, the steel is assumed to be open hearth. Example: AISI C1050 indicates a plain carbon, basic-open hearth steel that has 0.50 % Carbon content. SAE 2515

Carbon content (.15 %) Modification in alloys (5% of nickel) 1 for carbon steel, 2 for nickel, 3 for nickel chromium, 4 for Mo, 5 for chromium 2) ASME classification Refre ASME section II for details. SA 516 grade 70 used in ammonia cylinder manufacture at UMP.

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