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10 - Factorization Using Cross Multiplication

The document describes the cross multiplication method for factorizing polynomials with one, two, or three variables. It provides examples of factorizing polynomials with degrees up to 4. The key steps are to (1) group terms with the same variables, (2) factorize constant terms, and (3) set the coefficients of like terms equal using cross multiplication to find the factors. This process can be extended to factorize more complex polynomials with multiple variables.

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Maverick Lam
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437 views3 pages

10 - Factorization Using Cross Multiplication

The document describes the cross multiplication method for factorizing polynomials with one, two, or three variables. It provides examples of factorizing polynomials with degrees up to 4. The key steps are to (1) group terms with the same variables, (2) factorize constant terms, and (3) set the coefficients of like terms equal using cross multiplication to find the factors. This process can be extended to factorize more complex polynomials with multiple variables.

Uploaded by

Maverick Lam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factorization using cross multiplication method

Yue Kwok Choy

1.

One variable Most readers are familiar with the cross multiplication method shown below: (a) 10x2 17x 20 = (2x 5)(5x + 4) 2 5

5 +4

(b) 8x2 30x + 7 = (4x 1)(2x 7)

4 2

1 7

2.

Two variables

The method can be extended to two variables. Compare the following examples with those in one variable: (a) 10x2 17xy 20y2 = (2x 5y)(5x + 3. Biquadratics The same principle (a) 10x4 17x2 20 = (2x2 5)(5x2 + 4) (2x2 7) 4. Two variables with constant terms in factors Factorize : E = 2x2 + 2y2 5xy + 7x 5y + 3 (i) Form a quadratic function in x: E = 2x2 (5y 7)x + (2y2 5y + 3) 2 (ii) Factorize the last term: E =2x2 (5y 7)x + (2y 3) (y 1) 1 applies to biquadratics: 5 (b) 8x4 30x2 + 7 = (4x2 1)(2x2 7) +4 = (2x + 1)(2x 1) 2 5

5 4y) +4

(b) 8x2 30xy + 7y2 = (4x y)(2x 7y)

4 2

1 7

2 5

4 2

1 7

3 1

(iii) Use cross multiplication again, but you have to deal with variable. You have to take care of the coefficient of x-term in E: 1 1 [(y 1)] + 2 [(2y 3)] = (5y 7) E = [x (2y 3)] [2x (y 1)] 2

( 2 y 3) ( y 1)
1

= (x 2y +3) (2x y +1) 5. Three variables With more twists, the cross multiplication method can be applied to three variables. (a) Factorize : E = 2x2 + 2y2 + 15z2 + 5xy 13yz 11zx (i) Form a quadratic function in x: E = 2x2 + (5y 11z)x + (2y2 13yz+ 15z2) (ii) Factorize the last term: E = 2x2 + (5y 11z)x + (2y 3z)(y 5z)

2 1

3 5

(iii) Use cross multiplication again, but you have to deal with variables y and z. You have to take care of the coefficient of the x-term in E: 1(y 5z) + 2(2y 3z) = (5y 11z) 1 + ( 2 y 3z ) E = [x + (2y 3z)] [2x + (y 5z)] = (x + 2y 3z) (2x + y 5z) 2 + ( y 5z )

(b) Factorize : E = 2x2 + 2y2 + 12z2 5xy + 10yz 11zx (i) Form a quadratic function in x: E = 2x2 (5y 11z)x + (2y2 +10yz+ 12z2) = 2x2 (5y 11z)x + 2(y2 +5yz+ 6z2) (ii) Factorize the last term: E = 2x2 (5y 11z)x + 2(y + 2z)(y + 3z)

1 1

+2 +3

(iii) Use cross multiplication again, but you have to deal with variables y and z. There are several possible cross multiplications. The correct one is shown below. You have to take care of the coefficient of the x-term in E: 1(y +3z) 2 2(2y 3z) = (5y 11z) 1 2( y + 2z ) E = [x 2(y + 2z)] [2x (y +3z)]

= (x 2y 4z) (2x y 3z)

( y + 3z )

Exercise Factorize the followings 1. 3x2 7x 6 2. 16x2 12x 10 3. 36x4 229x2 + 25 4. 6x2 3xy + 11x 4y + 4 5. 10a2 + 3b2 + 17ab 22a 7b + 4 6. 4x2 + 2xy 2y2 + 13xz 5yz + 3z2 7. 3x2 2xy 20xz + 14yz 7z2 Answers 1. (3x + 2)(x 3) 4. (2x y + 1) (3x + 4)

2. 5.

2(2x +1)(4x 5) (5a + b 1)(2a+3b 4)

3. 6.

(3x 1)(3x + 1)(2x 5)(2x + 5) (x +y +3z)(4x 2y +z)


2

7.

(3x 2y +z) (x 7z)

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