The document defines and provides examples of several types of number systems:
- Natural/counting numbers are positive whole numbers like 1, 2, 3. Whole numbers include zero.
- Integers include positive and negative whole numbers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be represented as fractions.
- Irrational numbers like the square root of 2 cannot be represented as fractions. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers.
- Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers are divisible by more than two numbers. Even and odd numbers are defined in relation to divisibility by 2.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document defines and provides examples of several types of number systems:
- Natural/counting numbers are positive whole numbers like 1, 2, 3. Whole numbers include zero.
- Integers include positive and negative whole numbers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be represented as fractions.
- Irrational numbers like the square root of 2 cannot be represented as fractions. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers.
- Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers are divisible by more than two numbers. Even and odd numbers are defined in relation to divisibility by 2.
The document defines and provides examples of several types of number systems:
- Natural/counting numbers are positive whole numbers like 1, 2, 3. Whole numbers include zero.
- Integers include positive and negative whole numbers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be represented as fractions.
- Irrational numbers like the square root of 2 cannot be represented as fractions. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers.
- Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers are divisible by more than two numbers. Even and odd numbers are defined in relation to divisibility by 2.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document defines and provides examples of several types of number systems:
- Natural/counting numbers are positive whole numbers like 1, 2, 3. Whole numbers include zero.
- Integers include positive and negative whole numbers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be represented as fractions.
- Irrational numbers like the square root of 2 cannot be represented as fractions. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers.
- Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers are divisible by more than two numbers. Even and odd numbers are defined in relation to divisibility by 2.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 10
Number systems Groups of Numbers In doing arithmetic and algebra, we work with several groups o f numbers.
. NATURAL or COUNTING NUMBERS: The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . are called natural or counting numbers . WHOLE NUMBERS : The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . are called whole numbers. INTEGERS: The numbers . . . 2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . are called integers . NEGATIVE INTEGERS : The numbers . . . 3, 2, -1 are called negative integers . POSITIVE INTEGERS : The natural numbers are sometimes called th e positive integers . RATIONAL NUMBERS: Fractions, such as 3/2 or 7/8, are called rational numbers. Since a number such as 5 may be written as all integers are rational numbers . IRRATIONAL NUMBERS : Another type of number is an irrational number. Examples of irrational numbers are lj" and 7r . REAL NUMBERS: Real numbers consist of all rational and irrationa l numbers. Typically most standardized exams use only real numbers , which are the numbers you are used to using .
PRIME NUMBERS : A prime number is a number that can be evenly divided by only itself and 1 . For example, 19 is a prime numbe rbecause it can be evenly divided only by 19 and 1, but 21 is not aprime number because 21 can be evenly divided by other numbers ( 3and 7) . The only even prime number is 2 ; thereafter, any even numbe rmay be divided evenly by 2 . Zero and 1 are not prime numbers. Th efirst ten prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and 29 . ODD NUMBERS : Odd numbers are whole numbers not divisible ,by 2 : 1,3,5,7, . . . EVEN NUMBERS : Even numbers are numbers divisible by 2: 0, 2, 4 , 6, . . . COMPOSITE NUMBERS: A composite number is a number divisible b y more than just 1 and itself: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, . . . SQUARES: Squares are the result when numbers are multiplied b y themselves : (2 . 2 = 4), (3 3 = 9) ; 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 . . . CUBES: Cubes are the result when numbers are multiplied b y themselves twice: (2 . 2 . 2 = 8), (3 3 . 3 = 27) ; 1, 8, 27 . Signed Numbers (Positive Numbers and Negative Numbers ) Number Lines On a number line, numbers to the right of 0 are positive . Numbers to the left of 0 are negative, as follows .
etc. I etc. -3
I-
2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Given any two numbers on a number line, the one on the right is always larger, regardless of its sign (positive or negative) . Note that fractions may also be placed on a number line .
SOME TECHNIQUES TO SOLVE GRE MATH PROBLEMS SUBSTITUTION, PLUGGING IN, BY ELIMINATING CHOICES. 1.
