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Reported Speech

The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into reported or indirect speech. It outlines three main steps: 1) changing pronouns and possessive adjectives like "I" to refer to the correct person or thing, 2) changing verb tenses, and 3) changing time, place and other deictic references. For questions, yes/no questions change to clauses with "if/whether" and wh- questions keep the same wh- word but change the verb. Reporting verbs are used to indicate the illocutionary force or meaning of the original statement.

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226 views

Reported Speech

The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into reported or indirect speech. It outlines three main steps: 1) changing pronouns and possessive adjectives like "I" to refer to the correct person or thing, 2) changing verb tenses, and 3) changing time, place and other deictic references. For questions, yes/no questions change to clauses with "if/whether" and wh- questions keep the same wh- word but change the verb. Reporting verbs are used to indicate the illocutionary force or meaning of the original statement.

Uploaded by

laittt
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

REPORTED SPEECH = QUOTED SPEECH = INDIRECT SPEECH


1. Tom said: 'I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday.' -> Tom said (that) he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. 2. Tom said: 'My parents are very well'. -> Tom said (that) his parents were very well 3. Tom said: 'I'm feeling ill'. -> Tom said (that) he was feeling ill. * Step 1 Change in subject pronouns and possessive adjectives Direct speech
I We Me / You Us Mine Ours My Our Myself He /She They Him /Her Them His / Hers Theirs His / Her Their Himself / herself

Reported speech

* Step 2: Change in Verb Tenses Direct speech Simple present Present progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Past progressive Simple past Past perfect Will/Shall (Simple future) Be going to Will be V-ing Reported speech Simple past Past progressive Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect continuous Simple past or Past perfect Past perfect Would/ Should (Future in the past) Was/ Were going to Would be V-ing

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Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

Future perfect Can/May/ Must/Have to Neednt Must/ Should/ Shouldn't Present conditional He does -> He did He is doing -> He was doing He has done -> He had done He has been doing -> He had been doing He will do -> He would do He will be doing -> He would be doing * Step 3:

Perfect conditional Could/ Might/ Had to Did not have to Must/ Should/ Shouldn't Perfect conditional He will have done -> He would have done He may do -> He might do He may be doing -> He might be doing He can do -> He could do He can have done -> He could have done He must do/have to do -> He had to do

Others Now Today Tonight Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next + Time Last + Time Time + ago This, these That Here, Overhere Questions in reported speech 1. Yes/No questions: if/whether + S+ V Ex: Tom asked: 'Do you remember me?' -> Tom asked if I remembered him. or Tom asked whether I remembered him. Then That day That night The day before/ the previous day Two days before The next/ the following day/ the day after In two days' time/ two days after The following + Time The previous + Time/ The + Time + before Time + before/ Time + earlier That, those That There, Overthere

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Solutions Upper-intermediate Unit 5 - Grammar

2. Wh-questions: Wh-words + S + V Ex: Tom asked me: 'What is your name?' -> Tom asked me what my name was. 3. Exclamation - Use reporting verbs such as, TELL, ASK, SAY, ORDER, BEG, ADVISE, REMIND, WARN, ...according to the meaning of each sentence. a. Positive form: TELL/ ASK/ ... + PRONOUN/ NOUN + NOT + TO-INFINITIVE Ex: 'Stay in bed for a few days', the doctor said to me. -> The doctor said to me to stay in bed for a few days. Jane said: 'Close the door and go away!' -> Jane told me to close the door and go away. b. Negative form: TELL/ ASK/ ... + PRONOUN/ NOUN + NOT + TO-INFINITIVE Ex: 'Please don't tell anyone what happened', Jane said to me. -> Jane asked me not to tell anyone what (had) happened.

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