DRUG Study 2nd Exposure

DRUG NAME
CLASSIFICATIONS Anti-infectives, Anti-protozoals
ACTION Disrupts DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible organisms Bactericidal, or amebicidal action
INDICATION Amebicide in the management of amebic dysentery
Generic name: metronidazole Brand name: Flagyl
ADVERSE EFFECT CNS: seizures, dizziness, headache GI: abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, furry tongue, glossitis, unpleasant taste, vomiting Hematologic: leukopenia Skin: rashes, urticaria
CONTRAINICATIONS hypersensitivity
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Administer with food or milk to minimize GI irritation. Tablets may be crushed for patients with difficulty swallowing. Instruct patient to take medication exactly as directed evenly spaced times between dose, even if feeling better. Do not skip doses or double up on missed doses. If a dose is missed, take as soon as remembered if not almost time for next dose.
DRUG NAME
CLASSIFICATIONS
ACTION Broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Micromono spora purpurea. Action is usually bacteriocidal.
INDICATION Parenteral use restricted to treatment of serious infections of GI, respiratory, and urinary tracts, CNS, bone, skin, and soft tissue (including burns) when other less toxic antimicrobial agents are ineffective or are contraindicated. Has been used in combination with other antibiotics. Also used topically for primary and secondary skin infections and for superficial infections of external eye and its adnexa.
Brand Aminoglycoside Name: Garamyci n, G-myticin Pregnancy Category C
ADVERSE EFFECT Hypersensitiv ity (rash, pruritus, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, eosinophilia, burning sensation of skin, drug fever, joint pains, laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis).
CONTRAINICATIONS History of hypersensitivit y to or toxic reaction with any aminoglycoside antibiotic. Safe use during pregnancy (category C) or lactation is not established
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Draw blood specimens for peak serum gentamicin concentration 30 min 1h after IM administration, and 30 min after completion of a 3060 min IV infusion. Draw blood specimens for trough levels just before the next IM or IV dose. Use nonheparinized tubes to collect blood.
DRUG NAME Generic Name: Ampicilli n
CLASSIFICATIONS Antibacterial
ACTION An acid resistant, semi-synthetic penicillin which exerts broadspectrum activity. It is the first antibiotic shown to be rapidly bactericidal against penicillinsusceptible. Gram-positive organisms and many common Gram-negative pathogens previously not susceptible to the action of penicillins.
INDICATION Ampicin is exceptionally effective in the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinaryt tract infections caused by susceptible Grampositive and Gramnegative organisms.
ADVERSE EFFECT Skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
CONTRAINICATIONS . If an allergic reaction occurs during the course of treatment, drug use should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents (antihistamines , pressor amines or corticosteroids) . As with other antibiotics, occurrence of gastrointestinal superinfection with mycotic organisms or other pathogens should be borne in mind.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Before gicing the drug ask the patient about allergic reactions to penicillin or a negative history og allergy
DRUG NAME Generic Name: HYDROC ORTISONE
CLASSIFICATIONS corticosteroid
ACTION Hydrocortisone sodium succinate has the same metabolic and antiinflammatory actions as hydrocortisone. When given parenterally and in equimolar quantities, the two compounds are equivalent in biologic activity. Following the intravenous injection of hydrocortisone sodium succinate, demonstrable effects are evident within one hour and persist for a variable period.
INDICATION When oral therapy is not feasible, and the strength, dosage form, and route of administration of the drug reasonably lend the preparation to the treatment of the condition.
ADVERSE EFFECT Peptic ulcer with possible perforation and hemorrhage Pancreatitis Ulcerative esophagitis Gastric hemorrhage Esophagitis Perforation of the bowel
CONTRAINICATIONS Systemic fungal infections and known hypersensitivit y to the drug or any component of formulation. Administration of live or live, attenuated vaccines is contraindicate d in patients receiving immunosuppre ssive doses of corticosteroids.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
DRUG NAME GENERIC NAME: Ranitidine BRAND NAME: Zantac
CLASSIFICATIONS Therapeutic: Anti-ulcer agents Pharmacologic: Histamine H2 antagoni
ACTION Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. In addition, ranitidine bismuth citrate has some antibacterial action against H. pylori.
INDICATION Treatment and prevention of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach.
ADVERSE EFFECT -Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache Hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis -Altered taste, black tongue, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, druginduced hepatitis, nausea
CONTRAINICATIONS Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity, Cross-sensitivity may occur; some oral liquids contain alcohol and should be avoided in patients with known intolerance. Use Cautiously in: Renal impairment Geriatric patients (more susceptible to adverse CNS reactions) Pregnancy or Lactation
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Assess patient for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate. Nurse should know that it may cause falsepositive results for urine protein; test with sulfosalicylic acid. Inform patient that it may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Inform patient that increased fluid and fiber intake may minimize constipation.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATIONS GENERIC NAME: Diazepam BRAND NAME: Valium Antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hyptonics, skeletal muscle relaxants (centrally acting)
ACTION - Depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. - Produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways. - Has anticonvulsant properties due to enhanced presynaptic inhibi-tion
INDICATION -Adjunct in the management of: 1) Anxiety 2) Preoperative sedation 3) Conscious sedation - Provides light anesthesia and anterograde amnesia - Treatment of status epilepticus/ uncontrolled seizures - Skeletal muscle relaxant - Management of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
ADVERSE EFFECT 1) dizziness 2) drowsiness 3) lethargy 4) hangover 5) headache 6) depression
CONTRAINICATIONS - Hypersensitivity - Cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may occurs - Comatose patients - Pre-existing CNS depression
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES - Monitor BP, PR,RR prior to periodically throughout therapy and frequently during IV therapy. - Assess IV site frequently during administration, diazepam may cause phlebitis and venous thrombosis. - Prolonged high-dose therapy may lead to psychological or physical dependence. Restrict amount of drug available to patient. Observe depressed patients closely for suicidal tendencies.

DRUG Study 2nd Exposure

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DRUG NAME

CLASSIFICATIONS Anti-infectives, Anti-protozoals

INDICATION Amebicide in the management of amebic dysentery

Generic name: metronidazole Brand name: Flagyl

Brand Aminoglycoside Name: Garamyci n, G-myticin Pregnancy Category C

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Ampicilli n

ADVERSE EFFECT Skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

DRUG NAME Generic Name: HYDROC ORTISONE

DRUG NAME GENERIC NAME: Ranitidine BRAND NAME: Zantac

CLASSIFICATIONS Therapeutic: Anti-ulcer agents Pharmacologic: Histamine H2 antagoni

ADVERSE EFFECT 1) dizziness 2) drowsiness 3) lethargy 4) hangover 5) headache 6) depression

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