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Key Financial Ratios Calculation and Result

The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze a company's profitability, liquidity, leverage, activity, and other metrics. It defines ratios such as gross profit margin, operating profit margin, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, inventory turnover, and price-earnings ratio. In total, over 20 different ratios are defined that can provide insights into a company's performance and financial health across various dimensions.

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100 views4 pages

Key Financial Ratios Calculation and Result

The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze a company's profitability, liquidity, leverage, activity, and other metrics. It defines ratios such as gross profit margin, operating profit margin, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, inventory turnover, and price-earnings ratio. In total, over 20 different ratios are defined that can provide insights into a company's performance and financial health across various dimensions.

Uploaded by

gib999
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Financial Ratios Calculation and Result

Profitability Ratios 1. Gross profit margin Sales - Cost of goods sold Sales

An indication of the total margin available to cover operating expenses and yield a profit. 2. Operating profit margin (or Return on Sales) Profits before taxes and interest Sales

An indication of the firm's profitability from current operations without regard to the interest charges accruing from the capital structure 3. Net profit margin (or net Return on sales) Sales Shows after tax profits per dollar of sales. Subpar profit margins indicate that the firm's sales prices are relatively low or that costs are relatively high, or both. 4. Return on total Assets or Profits after taxes Total assets Profits after taxes + interest Total assets Profits after taxes

A measure of the return on total investment the enterprise. It is sometimes desirable to add interest to after tax profits to form the numerator of the ratio since total assets are financed by creditors as well as by stockholders; hence, it is accurate to measure the productivity of assets by the returns provided to both classes of investors. 5. Return on stockholder's equity (or return on net worth) Profits after taxes Total stockholders' equity

A measure of the rate of return on stockholders' investment in the enterprise. 6. Return on common equity (Profits after taxes -Preferred stock dividends) (Total stockholders" equity - Par value of preferred stock)

Gautam Barthakur, Faculty, NIS Academy

A measure of the rate of return on the investment the owners of the common stock have made in the enterprise. More commonly referred to as "return on equity" or ROE. 7. Earnings per share (Profits after taxes - Preferred stock dividends) Number of shares of common Stock outstanding

Shows the earnings available to the owners of each share of common stock. Liquidity Ratios 1. Current ratio Current assets Current liabilities

Indicates the extent to which the claims of short-term creditors are covered by assets that are expected to be converted to cash in a period roughly corresponding to the maturity of the liabilities. 2. Quick ratio (or acid-test (Current assets-Inventory) ratio) Current Liabilities A measure of the firm's ability to pay off short-term obligations without relying on the sale of its inventories. 3. Inventory to net working capital Inventory (Current assets - Current Liabilities) A measure of the extent to which the firm's working capital is tied up in inventory. Leverage Ratios 1. Debt-to-assets ratio Total debt Total assets Measures the extent to which borrowed funds have been used to finance the firm's operations. 2. Debt-to-equity ratio Total debt Total stockholders' equity

Provides another measure of the fund provided by creditors versus the funds provided by owners. 3. Long-term debt-to equity ratio Long-term debt Total shareholders' equity

Gautam Barthakur, Faculty, NIS Academy

A widely used measure of the balance between debt and equity in the firm's long-term capital structure. 4. Times-interest-earned (or coverage) ratio Profits before interest and taxes Total interest charges

Measures the extent to which earnings can decline without the firm becoming unable to meet its annual interest costs. 5. Fixed-charge coverage (Profits before taxes and interest + Lease obligations) (Total interest charges + Lease obligations)

A more inclusive indication of the firm's ability to meet all of its fixed-charge obligations. Activity Ratios 1. Inventory turnover Sales Inventory of finished goods

When compared to industry averages, it provides an indication of whether a company has excessive or perhaps inadequate finished goods inventory. 2. Fixed assets turnover Sales Fixed Assets

A measure of the sales productivity and utilization of plant and equipment. 3. Total assets turnover Sales Total Assets

A measure of the utilization of all the firm's assets; a ratio below the industry average indicates the company is not generating a sufficient volume of business, given the size of its asset investment. 4. Accounts receivable Turnover Annual credit sales Accounts receivable

A measure of the average length of time it takes the firm to collect the sales made on credit 5. Average collection period or Accounts receivable (Total sales / 365) Accounts receivable Average daily sales

Gautam Barthakur, Faculty, NIS Academy

Indicates the average length of time the firm must wait after making a sale before it receives payment. This has implications for financial management and quality of customers (marketing). Other Ratios 1. Dividend yield on common stock

Annual dividends per share Current market price per share

A measure of the return to owners received in the form of dividends. 2. Price-earnings ratio Current market price per share After tax earnings per share

Faster-growing or less-risky firms tend to have higher price-earnings ratios than slower growing or morerisky firms. 3. Dividend payout Annual dividends per share After-tax earnings per share

Indicates the percentage of profits paid out as dividends. 4. Cash flow per share (After tax profits + Depreciation) Number of common shares outstanding

A measure of the discretionary funds over and above expenses that are available for use by the firm.

Gautam Barthakur, Faculty, NIS Academy

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