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Haseeb Assignment

The document provides examples of efficiency calculations for single-phase transformers. It gives the iron loss, copper loss, output, and efficiency at full and partial loads for various transformers operating at different power factors. Methods are demonstrated for determining transformer efficiency, secondary voltage, and load corresponding to maximum efficiency.

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AyeshaAmjad
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570 views3 pages

Haseeb Assignment

The document provides examples of efficiency calculations for single-phase transformers. It gives the iron loss, copper loss, output, and efficiency at full and partial loads for various transformers operating at different power factors. Methods are demonstrated for determining transformer efficiency, secondary voltage, and load corresponding to maximum efficiency.

Uploaded by

AyeshaAmjad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example 7.51: A 20 kVA,440/220V single-phase, 50Hz transformer has iron loss of 324W.

The Cu loss is found to be 100W when delivering half full-load current. Determine (1) the efficiency when delivering full-load current at 0.8 lagging p.f and (2) the percentage of full-load kVA when the efficiency will be maximum. Solution: Iron loss=324W ; F.L. Cu loss= (2) *100=4000W (1) total F.L. Cu losses= 324+400 = 724W = 0.724W F.L. output at 0.8 p.f.= 20*0.8 = 16kW F.L. efficiency at 0.8 p.f.= 16/16+0.724 * 100 = 95.67% (2) kVA for maximum / F.L. kVA =iron losses/F.L. Cu losses=324/400=0.9 kVA for maximum = 0.9*F.L. kVA therefore, efficiency will be maximum at 90% of full-load kVA. Example 7.52: a 600 kVA, single-phase transformer when working at unity p.f. has an efficiency of 92% at full-load and also at half-load. Determine the efficincy when it operates at unity p.f. and 60% of full-load. Solution: it is given that the transformer has the same efficiency(i.e.,92%) at full-load and half full-load when the p.f. is unity. We shall use this data to find F.L. Cu loss and iron loss. Let: Pc = F.L. Cu loss Pi = Iron loss ( constant on all loads) At full load: Output= 600*1 = 600kW ; input = 600/0.92 = 652.2kW Total full-load losses = 652.5-600 = 52.2kW Or, Pc+Pi = 52.2 ___________________ (1) At half full-load: Output=300*1=300kW ; input=300/0.92 = 326.1kW Total losse at half-full load= 326.1-300= 26.1kW *Pc/4+Pi = 26.1kW ___________________ (2) Solving eq. (1) and (2) , we get, Pc = 34.8kW ; Pi=17.4Kw. Efficiency at 60% full-load, unity p.f. Output = 600*0.6*1=360kW Cu loss = (0.6)sq * F.L. Cu loss = (0.6)sq*34.8=12.53kW Total loss = Pi+12.53= 17.4+12.53= 29.93kW Efficiency = 360/360+29.93*100= 96.3% Example 7.53: a 400 KVA transformer has an iron loss of 2 kW and the maximum efficiency at 0.8 p.f. occurs when the load is 240kW. Calculate (1) the maximum efficiency at unity p.f. (2) the efficiency on full-load at 0.71 p.f. lagging. Solution: KVA for maximum efficiency = 240/0.8 = 300KVA At maximum efficiency, copper loss= iron loss Copper loss at 300KVA load = 2kW (iron loss=2kW)

Output= 300*1 = 300kW ; total loss = 2+2 = 4kW Maximum efficiency=300/300+4*100 = 98.6% (2)F.L. efficiency at 0.71 p.f. F.L. Cu losses = (400/300)sq*2 = 3.55 ; iron loss = 2kW Total F.L. losses = 3.55+2 = 5.55kW F.L output = 400*0.71kW F.L. efficiency = 400*0.71/400+0.71+5.55*100 = 98% Example 7.54: a 10kVA , 200/400V ,50Hz , single-phase transformer gave the following results: O.C. test : 200V ; 1.3 A; 120 W _____________ on L.V. side S.C. test : 22V ; 30A ; 200W _____________ on H.V. side (1)calculate efficiency and secondary terminal voltage when supplying full load at 0.8 leading p.f. (2)calculate the load at unity p.f. corresponding to maximum efficiency. Solution: (1) F.L. secondary current, I2 = 10*10cube/400 = 25A The S.C. test is carried out with 30A flowing in the secondary. F.L. Cu loss of transformer = (25/30)sq*200 = 140W Total F.L. losses = 120+140=260W=0.26kW F.L. output=10*0.8=8kW F.L. efficiency = 8/8+0.26*100=96.85% (2) from S.C. test we have, Z02= 22/30=0.733 ; R02 = 200/(30)sq=0.222 X02= Z02sq-R02sq = (0.733)sq-(0.222)sq = 0.698 Transformer voltage drop as reffered to secondary: =I2(R02Cos2-X02sin2) =25(0.222*0.8-0.698*0.6) = -6V (voltage rise due to leading p.f.) Secondary voltage, V2 = 400+6 = 406V (3) KVA for maximum efficiency= F.L. kVA*iron loss/F.L. Cu loss =10*120/140 = 9.25kVA Load of unity p.f corresponding to max = 9.25*1 = 6.25Kw Example 7.55: A 25kva, 2200/220V , single-phase transformer has a primary resistance of 1 and secondary resistance of 0.01. find the full-load efficiency at 0.8 p.f. if the iron loss in the transformer is 200W. Solution: K= 220/2200 = 1/10 ; R1 = 1 ; R2 = 0.01 R02= R2+KSQR1 = 0.01+1/100*1 = 0.02 F.L. secondary current, I2 = 25*10cube/220 = 113.6A F.L. Cu loss = IsqR02 = (113.6)sq*0.02 = 258W Total F.L. losses = 258+200 = 458W = 0.458kW F.L. output = 25+0.8 = 20kW F.L. efficiency = 20/20+0.458*100 = 97.8%

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