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    Boron Fibres

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    Kishore Kumar Rajendiran
    Boron fibres are produced through chemical vapor deposition using a high temperature process. They have a core-shell structure with a tungsten core and boron shell. Boron fibres are inherently brittle due to defects and residual stresses introduced during fabrication. Their properties include a high Young's modulus of 380-400 GPa but low tensile strength of 3-4 GPa on average. Applications are limited due to high cost resulting from the tungsten substrate.

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    Boron Fibres

    Uploaded by

    Kishore Kumar Rajendiran
    168 views21 pages
    Boron fibres are produced through chemical vapor deposition using a high temperature process. They have a core-shell structure with a tungsten core and boron shell. Boron fibres are inherently brittle due to defects and residual stresses introduced during fabrication. Their properties include a high Young's modulus of 380-400 GPa but low tensile strength of 3-4 GPa on average. Applications are limited due to high cost resulting from the tungsten substrate.

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    Boron fibres are produced through chemical vapor deposition using a high temperature process. They have a core-shell structure with a tungsten core and boron shell. Boron fibres are inherently brittle due to defects and residual stresses introduced during fabrication. Their properties include a high Young's modulus of 380-400 GPa but low tensile strength of 3-4 GPa on average. Applications are limited due to high cost resulting from the tungsten substrate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    168 views21 pages

    Boron Fibres

    Uploaded by

    Kishore Kumar Rajendiran
    Boron fibres are produced through chemical vapor deposition using a high temperature process. They have a core-shell structure with a tungsten core and boron shell. Boron fibres are inherently brittle due to defects and residual stresses introduced during fabrication. Their properties include a high Young's modulus of 380-400 GPa but low tensile strength of 3-4 GPa on average. Applications are limited due to high cost resulting from the tungsten substrate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Boron Fibres

    Introduction
    Inherently brittle material Produced by chemical vapour deposition

    High temperature process

    Limited substrate materials

    Tungsten or Carbon fibre is used

    Itself a composite fibre First boron fibre obtained by Weintraub in 1911 Commercial production started during 1960 At present, usage is very much limited

    Fabrication
    Thermal decomposition of a boron hydride
    Involves low temperatures Carbon-coated glass fibres can be used Weak due to lack of adherence Much less dense owing to the trapped gases

    Reduction of boron halide


    2BX3 + 3H2 2B + 6HX
    X Cl, Br, I

    High temperature process Refractory material substrate heavy High & uniform quality fibres

    Schematic of boron filament production by the CVD technique

    Formation Temperature
    Below critical temperature (CT)

    Amorphous Crystalline

    Above CT

    Stationary wire

    CT is 1000C CT is higher

    Moving wire

    CT increases with speed

    Structure & Morphology


    Structural defects & morphological irregularities deteriorate the mechanical properties Depend on the conditions of deposition

    Composition of gases, gas dynamics, temperature,


    etc.

    Temperature gradients & trace impurities are process irregularities Greater irregularities caused by

    Fluctuations in electric power Instability in gas flow Other operator induced variables

    Structure
    Depends on deposition conditions Melt/CVD above 1300C Lower temperature (<1300C) CVD at still lower temperatures (<CT) XRD shows large & diffuse halos Electron diffraction

    -rhombohedral amorphous amorphous

    -rhombohedral

    Amorphous boron is actually nanocrystalline -rhombohedral

    nanocrystalline (2nm dia.)

    Reactions
    Core may consist of a series of compounds

    W2B, WB, W2B5, WB4 only WB4

    Generally core consists of W2B5, WB4 On prolonged heating Core expands due to reaction

    12.517.5m

    Barrier coating
    SiC barrier coating prevents adverse reaction

    eg. between Al & B

    SiC is vapour deposited using a mixture of H2 & methyl dichlorosilane

    Corn-cob structure of boron fibre

    Consisting of nodules separated by boundaries Nodule size varies during the course of fabrication

    Residual stresses
    Boron fibres have inherent residual stresses
    Growth stresses in the nodules of boron Stresses induced by diffusion of boron into W core Stresses generated by difference in TEC Compressive stresses on surface due to quenching action

    Residual stress pattern in boron fibre

    Fracture characteristics
    Brittle material

    distribution of strengths not capable of deforming plastically Imperfections lead to stress concentrations

    Cracks originate at preexisting defects located at boron-core interface/ surface Surface defects are due to nodular structure

    Characteristic brittle fracture of B fibre

    Radial cracks due to internal stresses Cracks run from within the core to just inside

    Properties
    Youngs modulus is 380-400 GPa Does not show intrinsic strength under tensile loading

    Average tensile strength is 3-4 GPa Strength of 14 GPa observed

    Intrinsic strength of B obtained in flexure test Density of 100 m B/W fibre is 2.6 g/cc Melting point is 2040C Thermal expansion coefficient is 8.3 X 10-6 C-1

    Applications
    Used in a number of military aircrafts

    F-14, F-15 and US space shuttle

    Used for stiffening golf shafts, tennis rackets and bicycle frames One big obstacle is high cost

    Higher cost is due to the costly W substrate

    Find out the final density of B fibre of diameter 100 m deposited on a W fibre of diameter 12.5 m. Density values of B & W are 2.34 & 19.3 g/cm3 respectively.

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