Design and Simulation Based Studies of A Dual Band Antenna For Wlan/Wimax Application
Design and Simulation Based Studies of A Dual Band Antenna For Wlan/Wimax Application
Design and Simulation Based Studies of A Dual Band Antenna For Wlan/Wimax Application
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A basic single band rectangular patch
antenna can be modified into a multiband
antenna by introducing slots in the patch. The
shapes and position of the slot play an important
role in determining the resonance frequency.
ISSN: 2278 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
127
All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCET
The slot shapes like C, E, F, H, L, V, U and
many others are well known.
Sometimes, more than one slot of different
shapes is used in the same patch for desired
performance. The u-slot was introduced in a
paper published in 1995 and the antenna
showed wideband behaviour and was linearly
polarized . Although the initial investigations of
u-slot patch antenna were based on air and foam
substrate, later it was found that the antenna
retained its wideband characteristic when
material substrate was used instead of air and
foam substrate. Initially, u-slot was regarded
as a mean of achieving only wideband
characteristic rather than multiband
characteristic of the patch antenna.
Interestingly, subsequent researches revealed
that wideband characteristic can be modified
to multiband characteristic by intelligent
placement of u-slot, thereby perturbing the
surface current flow in the patch Not only the
band characteristic but also the polarization
characteristic can be altered by manipulating u-
slot. The antennas investigated in and
exhibited circular polarization. Moreover, u-
slot patch antenna with reconfigurable
polarization has been reported recently In that
paper, PIN diodes have been used to change the
length of the u-slot arms, which alters the
polarization state of the antenna and it can
switch between linear and circular
polarization. Besides, the antenna can also
switch between right hand and left hand
circular polarization. All theseresearches have
unveiled different interesting aspects of slot
patch antenna.It is now well established fact that
by using slot patch geometry multiband
characteristic can be obtained. Therefore, slot
patch geometry is now regarded as a general
template which can be customized to best suit
therequirements. The proposed antennas in this
paper are three specific cases of the dual band
characteristic of a general slot patch antenna
template.
II.ANTENNA DESIGN PARAMETERS
The structure of the proposed antenna is shown
in Figure 1 below. For a rectangular patch,
the length L of the patch is usually 0.3333
0< L < 0.5 0, where 0 is the free-space
wave length. The patch is selected to be very
thin such that t << 0 (where t is the patch
thickness).The height h of the dielectric
substrate is usually 0.003 0 <= h <= 0.05 0
(Balanis, 2005).
Fig:1Geometry of Proposed Dual Band Antenna
III. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF
ANTENNA
Step 1: Calculation of the Width (W): The width
of the Microstrip patch antenna is given by:
1
2
1
2 2
o r
W
+ (
=
(
Step 2: Calculation of Effective dielectric
constant (reff): Equation gives the effective
dielectric constant as:
1
2
1 1 1
2 2
1 12
r r
eff
h
w
c c
c
+
=
| |
+
|
\ .
ISSN: 2278 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
128
All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCET
Step 3: Calculation of the Effective length
(Leff): Equation gives the effective length as:
0
2
eff
reff
c
L
f c
=
Step 4: Calculation of the length extension (L):
( )
( )
0.264
0.3
0.412
0.258
0.8
eff
eff
w
h
L h
w
h
c
c
+
+
A =
+
Step 5: Calculation of actual length of patch (L):
The actual length is obtained by re-writing
Equation as:
L = Leff - 2 L
Step 6: Determination of feed point location
(fx,fyfz, ) : A Micro strip feed line is to be used
in this design. As shown in Figure 1, the
feed point location is given by the co-ordinates
( fx , fy,, fz ) from the origin. The united feed
line-patch excited by the lumped port where
the input impedance is 50 ohms for the resonant
frequency. Hence, a hit and trial method is used
to locate the feed point. For different
locations of the feed point, the return loss
(R.L) is compared and that feed point is
selected where the R.L is most negative (below -
10 dB). There exists a point along the length of
the patch where the R.L is minimum.
Design of Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna
Width of the Patch(W) 46.9 mm
Effective dielectric constant
of the Patch,( eff )
2.2922
Length of the Patch(L) 39.6 mm
Input Resistance of the
Patch(Rin)
50
Width of slots(w1) 1.4 mm
Length of slots(L1 ) 14.2 mm
Width of non-radiating
edge( s1)
1.4 mm
Table 1:.Design parameter of Proposed Dual Band Antenna
IV.SIMULATION SETUP AND RESULTS
The software used to model and simulate
the microstrip patch antenna is HFSS
software. HFSS software is a full-wave
electromagnetic simulator based on the finite
element method. It analyzes 3D and multilayer
structures of general shapes. It has been
widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs,
patch antennas, wire antennas, and other
RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to
calculateand plot the S parameters, VSWR,
current distributions as well as the radiation
patterns.
V.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Return loss is important parameter for
calculating the bandwidth of the antenna. The
solutionfrequency is selected as the one at which
the return loss is minimum. Here we are
getting dual band graph one at 2.45 GHz and
the other at 3.2 GHz.
Fig. 3 Measured Return Loss (-28db at 2.45GHz && -16.6db at 3.45GHz)
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
-22.50
-17.50
-12.50
-7.50
-2.50
0.91
d
B
(
S
t
(
1
,
1
)
)
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Return Loss ANSOFT
m1 m2 Curve Inf o
dB(St(1,1))
Setup1 : Sweep1
Name X Y
m1 1.5956 -0.0410
m2 1.6083 -0.0416
Name Delta(X) Delta(Y) Slope(Y) InvSlope(Y)
d( m1,m2) 0.0127 -0.0005 -0.0414 -24.1665
ISSN: 2278 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
129
All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCET
5.00 2.00 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.00
5.00
-5.00
2.00
-2.00
1.00
-1.00
0.50
-0.50
0.20
-0.20
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100 -90 -80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 Input Impedance ANSOFT
Curve Inf o
S11
Setup1 : Sweep1
Fig 4. Input Impedance in smith
chart
Fig 5. 2D gain of Proposed Dual Band Antenna
Standards/
Antennas
(Centre
Resonance
Frequency)
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Resonance
Frequencies
(|S11| dB)
Gain
(Resonance
Frequency)
IEEE802.11y
(3.675 GHz)
50 -10 3db
IEEE802.11b
(2.45 GHz)
83 -10 3db
Proposed
Antenna-
2.45GHz
90 -28 7.685db
Proposed
Antenna
3.65GHz
120 -16.6 7.58db
Table 2: Comparison with standard values
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Rectangular line slot designs of a dual band slot
patch antenna have been proposed for WLAN
application. They are dimensionally small and
have impressive performance characteristics as
pointed out in this paper. Even though this paper
presents simulation based results, the use of
HFSS software for simulation ensures that there
would not be large discrepancies between the
simulated and measured results in case the
proposed antennas are fabricated and measured.
Being powerful and commercial software, HFSS
is capable of delivering accurate simulation
results. Besides, numerous simulations have
been performed to confirm the results and the
accuracy settings of the software have been
carefully set up to minimize the approximation
errors.
VII. REFERENCES
[1]. Md. NazmulHasan*, Syed Waqar Shah*, Mohammad
Inayatullah Babar*, ZeeshanSabir* Design and simulation
based studies of a dual band u-slot patch antenna for
WLAN application Advanced Communication
Technology (ICACT), 2012 14th International Conference
phonixpark ,korea(South).
[2]. FitriYuliZulkifli*, Dian Rodhiah, and
EkoTjiptoRahardjo Dual band microstrip antenna using U
and S slots for WLAN application, Antennas and
Propagation Society International Symposium, 2007 IEEE ,
Honolulu, HI, 9-15 June 2007 ,on page 2049
[3]. T. Archevapanich1, J. Nakasuwan2, B. Purahong3, N.
Anantrasirichai3, O. Sangaroon3 Inset Dual U-Strip Slot
Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line for WLAN Applications ,
International Conference on Control, Automation and
Systems 2008 Oct. 14-17, 2008 in COEX, Seoul, Korea [
4] High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), Tutorial
by Dr. Otman El Mrabet IETR, UMR CNRS 6164,
INSA, 20 avenue Butte des Cosmes 35043 Rennes,
France.
[5] Antenna Theory analysis and design by
Constantine A. Balanis with special reference to Microstrip
Antenna.
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Theta [deg]
-30.00
-25.00
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
Y
1
Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ff_2D_GainTotal ANSOFT
Curve Inf o
dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.53GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(GainTotal)_1
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.53GHz' Phi='90deg'
ISSN: 2278 1323
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology
Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012
130
All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCET
[6] S. Weigand, G. H. Huff, K. H. Pan, J. T. Bernhard,
"Analysis and design of broad-band single-layer
rectangular u-slot microstrip patch antennas", IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propag.,Vol. 51, pp. 457 - 468, Mar. 2003.
[7]. Linxi Zhang; Qi Zhang; Chufeng Hu ,The Influence
of Dielectric Constant on Bandwidth of U-notch Microstrip
Patch Antenna 2010 IEEE International Conference,
Nanjing 2010
[8]. H. F. AbuTarboush, H. S. Al-Raweshidy and R.
Nilavalan Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch
Antenna Using Stacked Patch and Slot , IEEE
International Workshop on Antenna Technology, Santa
Monica, CA ,2009.
[9]. Yang, C.F.; Tzou, W.C.; Tsai, J.H.; Chen, H.M.;
Lin, Y.FEnhance antenna bandwidth by using high
permittivity ceramic and FR4 stacked structure IEEE
International Workshop on Antennas and Propagation
Society International Symposium, Honolulu, HI 2007