C 0 T E T S

ISSUE Published June 1996

COMMODORE

WORLD
THE NEWS MAGAZINE FOR COMMODORE 64 » 1'■ I 1J',[ K1.
6 Wheels-Laying More Than A Patch
Bruce Thonuu

http://wviw.cmiweb.am/cwhtme.hlml
14 GOFA-A Modulap- Pcogpamming System Fob The Coeimodore 64
George Flanagan

General Manager
Chinks ft Christiansen
♦
Editor
Doug CotIon Review;
♦ 24 Software: Centipede 126 E>r Gaelwe R. Gasson
Advegtisinq Sales A Look ai ihe Newesi Commodore I2S BBS Program
Charles A. Christiansen
(413) 525-0023
♦
Graphic Acts
Doug Cotton .UMN!
'♦
Electronic Pre-Press & Pointing
26 Jusr Fob Starters by Jason Compton
Helpful Hints for Handling Disk Drives
Maiuir/Holden
♦ 30 Graphic Interpretation by Bruce Thomas
Cover Design by Doug Cotton GEOS: For ti Good lime...
32 Carrier Detect by Gaelyne B. Gasson
Tclecommunicationi News & Updates

36 S16 Beat by Mark Fellows

Things to Look Out For When Program/Hint- the 65X16
Commodore1" and [he respective Commodore producl names
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Commodore, a 38 Over The Edge by Jeffrey L. Jones
division of Tulip Compulers. Commodore World is in no way
aftiliated wilrtthe owner n! ".he Commodore logo ana technology. Commodore Programming in a SuperCPU World

Commodore Worla (ISSN 1078-2515) is published 8 limos

annually by Creative Micro Designs. Inc.. 15 Benton Drive,
Easl Longrneadow MA 01028-0646. Secono-Class Postage
Paid at EasL Longmeaflow MA. (USPS «)n-801|

Annual subscnpiion rale is USS29.95 fci U.S. addresses.

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2 From the Editor
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Enllrecanlanti copyright ^199S by Cttfltlv* Micro 6 CoMtiODORE Trivia
Deilgnt, Inc-, unlais otherwise noted. No part of (his
publication may be printed or olhemise reproduced by any
40 Classified Ads
means wilhcul prior written consenl Irom Lhe publisher. All 40 Advertiser's Index
programs published in Ihis publication are for Ihe personal use
of the reader, and may not be copied or in any way dismbuled.
All rghls re served. Programming exam pies and routings in this
issue which ara presented lor educattonat purposes may be
used in ihe crsailon of programs by itia purchaser ol this
marjanno, provided creail for tne roulmos is cloarly presonleri
in either Ihe program documenlation, or Iho program itself
Creative Micro Designs. Inc.. assumes no responsibility ior
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 WH! ON MOVI

In Issue 22 's editorial I indicated that two new GEOS

updater's were scheduled to release soon. While we
haven 7 heard anything more about GEOS MegaPatch
\>3.0yet, Wheels 64 has squealed past the starting line
and is presently burning up the track. It is indeed a
pleasure to see such a powerful new system released at
this point in the history of Commodore computing.
Inside this issue we provide some first impressions of
Wheels 64; however, we'll also he revisiting this
subject in a future issue after looking into technical
aspects ofdriver speed, compatibility and other issues.
Other things you'll find inside this issue include a
modular programming system for the Commodore 64,
a review of the Centipede BBS program for the
Commodore 128, some tips on dealing with the Y2K
(Year 2000) problem in GEOS, and some situations to
avoid when programming the 65816.
In addition, there's a rant to programmers about
avoiding the tendancy to become lulled into writing
slow code simply beacuse they have a SuperCPU. I
broke this out from the rest because I think it bears an
editorial comment. While I tend to agree with the
opinion put forth on the matter here by Jeff Jones, I
think that it fails to strongly point out that such
guidelines needn't befollowed when writing programs
for your own use. Many BASIC programmers will find
that the SuperCPU enables them to create programs
which would have otherwise run loo slow. However, I
do still encourage anyone interested in machine
language to learn it and take advantage of it when
possible—whether you have a SuperCPU or not.

Doug Cotton
Editor

COMMODORE WORLD Issue 23

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NOW YOU CAN BUY IT EVERY MONTH BY MAIL FOR Bill Gates Attacked Wheels'GeoFAX
LESS THAN IT COST IN THE EIGHTIES - BUT PACKED WITH MORE! By Proisssioiial Pio Swoepslokes
The Loadstar Letter
is published
monthly. It's the

BUY IT BY THE MONTH! biggest, most

For Loadstar #165 Shipping costs included! For Loadstar teller #54 Informative, and
or any back Issue or any back issue authoritative
Every month without fail. Loadstar and the Loadstar Letter newsletter available
bring you a megabyte of new Commodore Software, articles, tor the Commodore
64 and 12B
tutorials and entertainment. All of our new software is CMD
drive-friendly, and SuperCPU Compatible.

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Loadstar #165
For one or two players, this
Contents exciting game offers 99 levels
Star Copier'98 of jumping and shooling.
Thanks lo Bob Markland, out Gershwin Jukebox
handy file copier is fixed! Eight memorable tunes by
Fission George Gershwin, including
This mouse-driven card solitaire Rhapsody in Blue (in three
is also one of Maurice's best. movements), the three
Mansion Preludes, and Swanee, made
Using Cameron Kaiser's famous by Al Jolson.

WORLD MAKER system, John Quicksmith Music

invites you into the Charles 31 songs by musicologist Dave.
Mansion, where no good deed all converted into the
goes unpunished. QUICKSMITH format by Lee
Puzzle Page #165 Novak.
Number-teasers, word-puzzles Clip Joint #2
and brain-stumpers a-plenty! A geoPaint document chock full
Plus. Knees' monograph on ol attractive images just ripe for
myslery mores. clipping.
Legal Beagle III Geos Disk Tools
Generate some more legal Ten tools for the Geos
documents which you can environment that will make your
customize (or your own use. navigation faster and easier. All Centsible Software Newsletter Naniskad
A Night On The Town are well explained by our Geos A list of 50 commercial "in the A compilation of lidbits from
Take a musical trip from the Man About Town. box" programs from the world's newsletters from all over the
quaint eateries ot the outer city Diskovery largest CBM software store. world.
into the heart of darkness we Your editor confronts another Modern Printers
call "uptown". crisis, mourns a prolific C-64er. Looking for a new printer for
All programs tasted and known lo
Room - 4k Contest Winner describes a new product, and your C-64/128? Read this first! work wlih your SupetCPU"1 and
A small demo that gives you a introduces a Euro company. Master Of Trades all CMD devices. Over 2DDK of
gjimpse ol what the world ol Jeff's Soapbox In memory of a dedicated documentation every monlh

DOOM is like. Jeff mediates (or aggravates?) Commodorean, we present Part automatically presented on disk.
the battle of the operating One of his autobiography.
systems.

LOADSTAR"
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Issue 23 CDMMODORG WORLD

 Commodoiil: and Comi'u ikk Industry Nkws

Wheels 64 Released Desterm Updated Beta Available

Maurice Randall's Click 1 lere Software has recently started After several weeks of testing and bug fixing, Matthew
shipping the initial release version of Wheels 64. The Desmond has released an updated Beta version of Desterm
program is a substantial upgrade for existing GFOS (54 v2.0 128, a Commodore 128-specific terminal program. In
owners, adding a new user interface and completely reality, two updated beta version have been released in the
revamping the existing GHOS Kernal via a patch installation. past few weeks; thefirst.v3.01, fixed the majority of reported
In addition. Wheels provides extensive support for nearly bugs, but introduced a rather nasty hug of its own. Several
all of the major Commodore-compatible peripherals days later a new version 3.02 was released which resolved
released over the past few years. Wheels requires a minimum the new problem. The new release is still considered lobe a
of a Commodore 64, GEOS f>4 v2.0, a GEOS-supported beta test version, so be aware that additional bugs may
input device, a 1541 disk drive and an REU or other standard exist. For additional information, or to obtain the current
RAM device. The price for Wheels 64 is $36.00, and it is version, visit the Official Desterm web page at:
available directly from Click Here Software and authorized
dealers. Por additional details, see the feature article in this http://www.ionline.net/~mdesmond/desterm.html
issue or contact Click 1 lere Software at:

Click Mere Software

c/o Maurice Randall CMD News Items
P.O. Box 606 CMD recently disclosed that all pre-orderedSuperCPU 128

Charlotte MI 48813 units have been shipped, and that they are also current on
Phone: (517) 543-5202 Monday-Friday 8 am - 6 pm orders for both the SuperCPU 64 and SuperCPU 128. In

Email: [email protected] addition, prices on many of the SuperCPU/SuperRAM

configurations have been rolled back for a summer sale.
This obviously marks the green light for anyone who has
been waiting until SuperCPU's were available from stock.
CMD has also discontinued carrying Zoom modems, as
Commodore Power User Is Back Zoom recently designed-out the Group 3/Class 2 fax
After a long absence, Commodore Power User has returned protocol required forGeoFAX compatibility. For the time
to publication. CPU Publisher Tom Gosser has also being, CMD will be offering US Robotics Sportster 33.6K
announced thai distribution of the magazine be bimonthly bps fax modems instead, which provide Group 3/Class 2.0
SS ofthe #6 1998 Issue. Additional writers have been added capability, and are compliant with GcoFAX requirements.
to the mix, and a subscription price increase has also been CMD has also announced a temporary 'bundled' price for
announced. The new annual 6-issue subscription rates are GEOS 64 v2.0 and Wheels 64. For a limited time, the two
US$20.00 (US addresses), US$30.00 (Can/Mex), and items which normally cost a total of $80.00 will be offered
US$40.00 (EC and others). For additional details, contact: together at a price of only $65.00, Nearly all other GEOS
applications have also been reduced for the summer.
CPU Magazine
P.O. Box 1817
Shelton, WA 98584

COMMODORE WORLD Issue 23

 /pzwrf! TPTfF SOFTWARE
We carry America's Largest Selection ofC64/128 Software
lYuituclivily We have new shipments of (Spreailslu'els/Daiabasts )
C! en I'nig rammer. 535.00 Supplies, Accessories, Hard Team Male S15.00
Bcilcr Working C S20.00 ware and Software arriving DatKnintgor 2 SI5.00
Newsroom S 15.00
monthly. ( At'cessiirk's j
An Gallery 2. S15.1X)
Dust Covers SS.00
Mapping the 64
C128 Supcrbase 128 S15.00 New this Month
(Call for Choices) andG4C
W Power Pack S15.00 Tach30Joysiick...$19.95 Cheal sheets S5.00
r Kducaliitnal J (CaU for Choices) $19.95
Tach5 Joystick....$ 17.95
European Nations S12.IX)
BigBWiFunHouM Sio.oo Tach 3 Joystick $15.95 c Hardware
Used 1571's S4S.00
Money Husincss S 15.00
Alpha Tram Ride S 15.00
Icontrollcr $24.95 Used 12H's S 50.00
Used Monilurs SS5.00
Animal Hold S 15.01) WicoQSiick $15.95
Used 1541-11's.... S35.OO Bob's Tenn Pro
c Games
Adult Poker. $9.95 Used Printer. S25.oo
Leader Hoard Golf SIO.OO
(Call for choices)
$15.95
Ms Pieman S8.00 TheGamhler S9.95
Waicr Polo SS.00
Roger Uabbit SH).(X) Di.sk Special
JohnmwayQuarterback...S12.00 Mindscapc
Wmllm! the Demon S1N.0O 5 1/2" Floppy Disks
ncalliKiiinhlsofKrynn SI 8.00 Power Player (Mininiun Purchase 20)
P-I3 Suite Eagle $15.00 Joy sticks...$9.95
Golden Oldies SI 2.00
Pack of 20 $2.40
Prices listed do not include shipping and handling. U.S. Residents add S3.IX) per order. All others add
7.00 per order. Call or Write for your free C64/I28 Catalog listing Hundreds of Commodore ilcms. zJ%g Geowrite Workshop
Office hours »re 1PM to 8PM EST Monday thru Thursday. Info [.ine:l-616-471-1083
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Email: [email protected] To Order call Toll Free: 1-800-640-6211
WuJ) Site: bome.sprynet.coin/sprynet/cenCs
Major Credit Cards Axxptad
Mall: 8818 College Aw., Berrlen Springs, Ml 49103

The Commodore LASER LOVERS' DISK!

When you care enough to print the very best!

How many times have you looked ;ii prim mediu ;irul Lisked, "Why can'I
I (In this on my Com mod ore V" Perhaps n<>« you ran!

My "LASER LOVERS' DISK" coiiiairn Maurice Randall's

(801)466-8084
POSTPR1NT which will enable you to send PostScript Hits from
geoWrite documents. I have been printing PostScript from the Commodore Specializing in NEW and USED Commodore Hardware,
for over six years. This disk contains ail theGEOS laser fonts residem in Software and Accessories at excellent prices.
your printer ;md ;i few PostSeripi Fonla thai aren't, Included is a short
history ol PostScript on Miir Com mod ore. at) introduction lo PostScript
Send S1.DD lor a HUGE list ol products. Office Hours:
programming specifically designed for Commodore users, and many
sample programs which you may include in your own documents. 11:30 ■ 6:30 MSI. Visa, MC, Discover and American Express accepted.

You should have GEOS 2.0. a large capacity drive (such as a 1581.
RAMl.ink, or CMD HardDrive), and a PostScript laser printer. 3366 South 2300 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84109

Mail a $25 check to K. Dale Sidebottom P. O. Box 303, New Albany IN

47151-0303. Call (812)944-9132 if you have any questions.
■^ Vintage Computer
Do You Wish You Had More Commodore News? Specializing in Pre-Owned Commodore

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There just aren't enough good Commodore magazines around.
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c/o K. Dale Sidebottom P. 0. Box 303. New Albanv IN 47151-0303. Email: [email protected] • Web: www.vintagecomputer.com

Issue 23 COMMODORE WORLD

 Commodore Trivia
jjim Bitu*i

Welcome to another edition ofCommodore Trivia. information. Because curiosity has the best of me.
As many ofyou may know, these trivia questions I always welcome a note or postcard detailing where
and answers have been donated by me to the the trivia goes. 1 also welcome new questions—
Commodore community at large. Unlike other provided they come with the answers. Enjoy!
articles in Commodore World, these trivia
questions have been placed in the public domain. Jim Brain
I ask only that the trivia questions remain intact Brain Innovations, Inc.
and unchanged, nnd thai my name and address 10710 BruhnAve
appear somewhere so users can contact me. The Bennington, NE 68007
trivia is also used for a contest 1 run on the Internet; [email protected]
contact me at the included address for more

COMMODORE TRIVIA #22 QUESTIONS

SIAO Commodore produced an assembler for the 128 tailed 5 implies printer. These have remained conslanl from the
HCD65. What does HCD stand for? PET to the C128. However, one peripheral in the PET was
S1A1 Who wrote most of RAM DOS? phased out and its device number was reused. What device
$1A2 What is the name of l he firs I C64 disk copy program? Quint: number was reused?
it sported a "gas gauge".) $ 1A1- What is the maximum amount of general purpose RAM can
$ LA3 What was the fast' color of the original Commodore (>4s? one utilize in a stock Cf>4? (I need an exact number here)
$1A4 There are at least two ways lo enter 64 mode from 128 modi* $1110 What was COMPUTE!^ original sub title?
on a C128: go 64 and sys G5357. They produce tile same $IH1 After COMPUTE! was absorbed by General Media, how did
result (fi4 mode), bul they differ in at least one notlcable the name change?
way. How? $1B2 What Commodore content magazine was named after a
S1A5 What CPU powers the 11-128 computer system? nautical term?
$lA(i What type of drive mechanisms are in the D series hard $1B3 What Commodore content magazine was named ai'ler a
drives from Commodore? BASIC keyword?
$1A7 Commodore produced a ifikB RAM expander for the $1B4 Whal CPU gets control first when a Commodore 128 is
Commodore VIC-20. What is its model number? booted?
SI A8 Commodore produced at least one disk drive with an optical $1B5 What CPU powered the Commodore C900?
track one sensor. Which drive? SIBb' How large is the monitor installed in the SX64?
S1A!) The Commodore PET series used the IEEE bus lo $1B7 What color scheme does the SX64 boot up into?
communicate with peripherals. Each peripheral had a S1B8 Whal is printed as the stock SX<>4 boot up screen?
unique II). What range of Ills are .supported by the PET? SliSi) The SX64 has a reset switch behind the door tiiat holds the
S1AA Many people have developed Commodore software with monitor controls. What is strange about the rest switch?
the PAL assembler. What does I'AL stand for? S1BA What common port is not included on the SX64?
SIAB Many people remember Compute's Gazette.This magazine SlBB In the mid 1980's, a company called Berkeley Soflworks
is best known for the word processor program i( shared created a graphical user environment for the Commodore
with thousands of subscribers, Name the program? 64. What was it called?
$1 AC In some 6502 assemblers, the opcode "bge" is available. 11 $ 1 BC Berkeley Soft works eventually changed their name lo what?
stands lor 'branch it greater than or equal lo". What more SI HD Most everyone is familiar with MS D diskdrives. What does
common opcode is this opcode referring to? MSD stand for?
SI AD If 1 wanted to do a "bit" (branch if result less than), what $1151: On the NMOS b'502, whal two addressing modes have but
(i502 opcode would i use? one opcode each that can operate in that mode?
S1AF Each Commodore peripheral has a device number, which is SIRE How many transfer register opcodes are there on the NMOS
associated with a type of device. 8-15 Implied disk drive, 4- 6502?

COMMODORE WORLD Issue 23

 COMMODORE TRIVIA #21 ANSWERS

5180 You had better sit down.... The 1525 is powered by an Intel S19L 32 and 9H or 160 and 224. Space and Reverse space. 103 and
8039 8-bit microcontroller. Actually, this isn'tso hardto believe, 106 or 101 and ll(i. Left and right lines.
since Commodore didn't actually develop the printer, but used Si 92 chrS(8) and chr$(9), respectively.
a Seikosha GP-100 printer mechanism for the unit, and most $193 chr$(8) and chr${9), respectively.
likely contracted Seikosha to develop the firmware. $194 clir$(ll) and chr$(!2), respectively, while In 128 mode.
5181 80.22 columns per inch times 3.63...inches of usable paper $195 108.
width. $196 To put commas in strings read via INPUT. Remember.
$182 The Juki 6100 printer mechanism. INPUT treats a comma (chr$(44» as a delimiter between
$183 ll is daisy-wheel, but Commodore made other daisy-wheel input fields, but chi$( 108) does not produce the same effect.
printers. Wlial makes it unique is that it is the only such soyou could replace 44 with 108 in data written to disk, and
serial daisy-wheel made for the Commodore line. read it in with INPUT.
$184 The first lo offer some kind of DTMF support was the $197 Jim Butterfield supplies us the answer:
Commodore 1660 modem. The modem it self didn't provide "The original PET 2001 suffered from the same kind of
any DTMF support, but includedacabletoallowiheSIDto "screen sparkle" that was later seen in the early
output to the phone line. Thus, with the SID's ability to Commodore 64. So the original code would write to
reproduce DTMF tones, the modem could tone dial. Note screen memory only during the "refresh" period; thai
that this was only possible on theC64, which has a SID. The really slowed down the speed ofoutpul to the screen,
first model to INCORPORATE DTMF into the modem itself lly the time the first revised PET came out, the screen
was the 1670. sparkle was solved, and characters were delivered to
5185 fiy develop, we are referring to actually produced models. the screen with no wait. (The new operating system
With that definition, the 1581 holds this title. For models also did a massive relocation of system variables, and
not actually produced, The prototype 1590-D-l 3.5" 1.44 used zero page very heavily, to the dismay of home
MB model owned by Jack Vander White probably was the programmers. When asked about this, Commodore
last under development. pointed proudly at the "new, higher speed", lint in fact
5186 If you discount the screen area (512 bytes) and Color RAM it was the screen reorganization that caused 95% of the
(512 bytes), up to 281S9 bytes can used for BASIC programs improvement)." —Jim
and variables (original 3583 bytes and 3 banks of 8192 Related to this question is $0OC, which implies that the
bytes each), and up to 40448 bytes can be used for ML "sparkle" problem was fixed in the original PETs, so some
programs. (0-32767 minus 512 bytes for screen and 40960- people increased the performance of the original PET by
49151). setting the RETRACE line mentioned above to an output,
$187 COMPOTBl's Gazette. which fooled the system into thinking the video was
$188 The PET Gazette. The PET Gazette was started in April ALWAYS in RETRACE mode.
1978 by Len Lindscy. Tor the first year, the magazine was $198 liorge Christen sen and Benedict Lofstedt, although Borge
sent out for free to at times 4000 people. In August of 1979. is given the most credit.
Small Systems Services, headed by Robert Lock, purchased $199 Tlie following is excerpted from The Whole PET Catalog,
the magazine from Len and changed the name to COMPUTE. page 21:
The focus changed from PETs to all computer systems at "PET PROVEN USEFUL" During the 1980 MGM Grand
thai time. The first Issue of COMPUTE, appeared in the Fall fire in Las Vegas, Commodore moved its entire
of 1979. It seems the relationship between Len Lindsay and COMDEX '80 booth dowstairs to help track rooms,
Robert Lock was less than ideal, but 1 refer readers to INFO guests, etc. According to Inl'oWorld, 7 PETs with OZZ
#15, page 8 for the scoop. dpta-bases (predecessor to SILICON OFFICE) were used
$189 COMPUTE, changed to COMPUTEI Notice the change? for two straight days. Local police agreed they could
S18A In the mid 198()'s, LOADSTAR distributed the type in not have kepi of the guests as well as the PETs did.
programs for both magazines in the disk magazine. Also, untrained operators quickly learned the system.
$18B The CSG65CE02 CPU, clocked at up to 3.54 MHz in the In the crisis, ]JF,T was both powerful and useable.
Commodore 65 (64DX) prototype. $19A Bill Seller, the able assistant to Chuck Peddle, designed the
S18C Any byte between 32 and 63 will produce identical results. unit.
S18D chrS(14) S19B No answer available yet (I can't find my notes!)
S18E chr$<142) $19C if done immediately prior to an INPUT, the poke will
$1SF open ],0:input#0.a$ suppress the question mark prompt.
$190 The Other Intellect. Evidently, it was the computer the CBM J19D BASIC 1.0
engineers were working on before the VIC-20 project. The S19F. He is one of the founding fathers of the Toronto PET User's
name sounds like it was dreamed up after the fact. In either Group (TPUG), along with Jim Butterfield,
case, this machine might have been the "Color PET" mentioned SlflF The name "Sphinx" was chosen because of the way early PETs
in The Home Computer IVars that Chuck Peddle was designing resembled the Great Sphinx, the Lion with the head ofapharoah.
before t!ic company shifted 1o the VIC architecture.

Issue 23 COMMODORE WORLD

Laying More
Than a
(I■ 1 ■■•••

■ ■',-
 \ 2.0... wiisui designed with the
hLVxiliilil v roquirool to liaiullo I ho
hardware thai would lMh
Humors all of that/*

Someoneoticesaid'Themore things change, In 1988. if you were lucky, you could fit 800 Park It
the more they slay the same". Obviously, KB on a floppy. Today we can put 1.6 Before driving your new set of Wheels you
that person never changed from using Megabytes on a floppy disk using drives still need to install it. To follow the theme maybe
GEOS V2.G on a Commodore 64 to using thenew available new (and 3.2 MBs on an FD-4000 if tiiis should lie in stall' (as in park your wheels
Wheels upgrade from Maurice Randall of Click you find a used one). in your stall and register it as yours).

Here Software. As you can see. things have changed but, The disk is copy protected and only one file
The first thing that struck me as being using GEOS V2.0, they nevertheless stayed is visible in the directory. The'Installer'should
different was the sticker sealing the envelope. the same. The system wasn't designed with be run after booting with your original GEOS
This identified the contents as Wheels Y4.0 the flexibility required to handle the hardware V2.0 disk. You will be prompted for your name
for the C-64 and reinforced the automotive that would be developed. As users, we were (for the registration papers) and your original
theme by listing my vin (Vehicle Identification stuck—unable to go where we wanted to witli disk during the install process. Once the
Number). It is not surprising thai this theme our new machinery. program verifies your boat disk and tin-
runs throughout thi1 entire package as Maurice Wheels changes all of that. Wheels was condition of your drive it unpacks all ol the
runs his own auto repair shop and used to race designed from the ground up to handle all of the necessary files and creates your original
cars as well. high performance accessories the modern day Wheels Master Disk. Put a write-protect tab
The envelope contained a Cerlox-bound Commodore user has at his disposal. on this disk immediately.
manual (46 full size pages plus an Index and
Appendix), an insert outlining other software Wheels For The First Time
products and planned Improvements plus one 5 After running 'Starter' (what ditl you expect it
1/4" disk. to be called?) the screen turns black as the
system loads (use the 'up-arrow'S* JiffyDOS
Got a License? shortcut instead of 'Shift-Run/Stop1, flu fast
The first thing you need to know, before even systemsyour finger isn't off Ilk1 Stop key before
ordering your new set ol Wheels, is if your the program loads and you are left staring at a
system is big enough to drive. Wheels is black screen). After a short while an image of
designed as an upgrade to GEOS V2.0 so you a wheel spinner fills the screen.
must have an original boot disk. The minimum Before the process is finished you will have
hardware required in addition ro your C-f>4 to answer a few questions. What type of RAM
(or C-128 in <i4 mode) includes a 5 1/4" disk do you want the system to use? What boot
drive(1S41 or 1571 preferred), an input device options do you want to he applied to your
(joystick or better yet a mouse), a TV or Your Wheels boot disk will crank over at 1, RAM? What Input Driver do you want to use?
monitor of some kind and at least a 1700 ■! or 20 MHz with no changes at all (the Plash These questions only appear the first time you
(128K) RAM Expander. This last item is the 8 unit hasn't been tested). Do you have a boot the system (or when your hardware
most important as Wheels will not operate populated RAMl.ink or SCPU? Believe me, changes) and are saved to the disk, which is
without some form of RAM Expansion. there is nothing quite like seeing 15471 KB why your original should be write protected.
When GBOS V2.0 arrived in 1988 tht Free hi a L6 MB partition. Do you want to use Any real drives numbered 8 to] I are identified
thought of a .single user having 16" Mlis of the Native mode of your I'D or (ID drives? and installed during the bout process as are
HAM was a pipe dream—on any platform! Support for this is built-in as well as I he use ol your input and printer drivers.
Today, with my KAMI.ink max'd out and my subdirectories to organize your storage. Once Wheels is running you will be looking

SuperCPU topped up, I have 32 Megabytes of The mort your system has. the better ride at the Dashboard. This new System File
usable RAM on my 64. you'll get. If you have met. or exceeded, the replaces the Desktop. The screen displays a
In 1988aC-fi4ranat 1 MHz. Today we have minimum requirements it is time to get things menu across the top and a clock in the top
options of 1, ■!. 8 and even 20 MHz speeds. into gear. right corner (flashing 'set clock' annoyingly

Issue 23 CDMWIQDDRE WORLD

until you do). The only lions you will see are prefer, a text display is available and automatically detected and used by the system,
down the left Mile of the screen representing operational also. The Schuedler TurboMaster accelerator will
your mounted storage devices. Each object on the Dashboard is treated power Wheels as well.
The active drive will appear reversed separately and options work on the selected
compared to the other icons. Double-Clicking item only. Once you have opened a window Under the Hood
on a drive icon will pop up a directory window you can select the drive icon again. This makes Maurice didn't just replace the Desktop and
for the disk/partition identified by the name it possible to open more than one partition on Configure programs. 1 !e rewrote the Operating
under the icon. This is where things really a single drive. System Kernel as well.
start to change. Customizable Function Keys provide the Tile changes to the kernel affect the
user with full control over window contents. appearance of the menus in ail of your
No Roadside Emergencies Do you want to see just the Applications or applications (no dividing line separates the
The original Wheels disk contains a program Desk Accessories and Fonts? Do you want to menu items). Dialog Boxes have been reworked
called MakeSysDisk which is used to make see empty directory slots (try the MODIFY to handle the new hardware (when you see a
spare hoot disks or partitions, as well as more setting) or a continuous stream of icons? DISK icon you may be able to access
Master Disks (MakeSysDi.sk can only be run subdirectories in the current partition). In
from a Master Disk). Keep in mind, though, The Toolbox—4 Wheels Drives addition lo pressing the RETURN key to
that your name and V1N are stamped on every The Toolbox is an application that can be run activate an OK icon you can now press the first
Boot and Master Disk you make (ami visible by the user at any time, ft also runs invisibly letter lo activate some system icons ("C for
in the Dashboard and Toolbox Info boxes). during the boot process to inspect your cancel or 'IV for disk).
Once you have made a few spares put your hardware and install the proper drivers, While Running an application from Drive C or D
original away for safe keeping. 1 previously described four drive operation in does not renumber the drives and you have
Bool disks can be created on 1541 disks, respect to the Dashboard it is really the full access lot he data files on the drive you run
1571 single or double-sided disks, 1581 disks Toolbox that makes this possible. ihe app on (once you select the DRIVE button
and RAMLink, RAMDrive. FD and HD drives you are limited to Drives A and lias that would
with 1581 or native mode partitions. Unlike require a rewrite of each application to
GEOS V2.0, which had to be in partition #1. change). Don't double-click your data files on
1MB
Wheels Can boot from any partition on your ■ MM A MM* nut Drive C or D as the apps will load but won't
CMD devices anil any Drive #8-11 (with find your file. Rather, load the Application
hfttm
exceptions for RAM Links). Uwwll
:ss. and then OPEN your file.

The Dashboard Roadworthy

an
Maurice really put a lot of effort inio Iwn BUB By now you are likely wondering how all of the
programming this new system. He also put a new features of Wheels will affect what you
lot of thought into the names he used. The 1 |K) MM] INMI {to CM] u«em)l
have been doing with GEOS. I have run the
Dashboard may seem like an odd name for a major BSW apps plus as many auxiliary
piece of software but, when you think about programs as time permitted under Wheels
what is constantly in front of you when you're with tio ill effects. Desk Accessories seem to
driving, it makes perfect sense. This program takes the place of Configure work just as they always did (with special color
Along with your new set of Wheels comes allowing you to setup which drives will lie help). Programs written with four drive
the need fora new way of thinking, Up until active and what formal they will have. CMD capabilities function (lawlessly. Your old
now, GEOS didn't allow us to fully utilize our devices can be installed as 158l's (using L581 printer drivers slill work under Wheels.
CMD hardware. While it is easy to create disks/partitions) or native mode devices Custom mouse drivers (for the 1351 and
subdirectories and partitions on these devices, (accessing 1581 and native modi' disks/ Smart Mouse) configure the right button for 1
from BASIC or JiifyDOS, the GEOS system part it ions) changing the disk icon on the llylo Mil/ clicking. After years of using a 4 MHz
didn't recognize anything but standard indicate the selected type. TurboMaster I find this helpful. Quite often
Commodore formats. TheToelbox even revitalizes your 1581 drive the accelerator would have lo be manually sel
The Dashboard has easy menu options to wilhaspecialdriverlhaiallowsittouseHOOKii to I MHz to allow easy select ion of a pat tern in
create subdirectories and lor navigating I'D Native mode disks. With these disks (yes, geoPublish or just the right font size in
around your directory structure. There is no the 1581 can format them) you will have full geoWrite. With a simple right click I can now
chance of mis-using these commands as they access lo subdirectories just as if you had an access what I want easily. Drivers are supplied
are only active if the selected object is a CMD FD drive (1 have both drives and this is cool). where the right button double-clicks and also
partitionable device or native mode partition. The Toolbo.x also detects and utilizes an with the buttons reversed for left-handed
Hue of the great features of Wheels is the accelerator if one is present. No boot disk users.

ability to have four drives active at once. Not customization is required to run with an Maurice has taken a rather bold move in
only can you open windows for each drive but accelerator, i can disable my SCPU and boot liglil ot the present proceedings against
you can copy to/from any window you want from the same RL partition as 1 do with my Microsoft. I'nder the 'wheels' menu there is
to. The windows are totally resizeable and can SCPU enabled. Any RAM installed in the an option to activate geoShell if it is on your
display from 1 to 20 icons at once. If vou SuperRAM card of a SuperCi'U is also system. Now, Click Here Software isn't as big

COMMDDDRE WORLD 10 issue 23

 C64/1541 Repair- $40
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The EX2+1 and EX3 Cartridge Port Expanders bring new Everythrig for Commodore Com puters
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Need Input? It Doesn't Get Any Better Than This...

For years, Commodore sei the standard with the 1351 mouse. Sure, it was vastly superior \ $49.95
using old digital input devices like the 1350 mouse orjoysticks. But everything can be improved.
Guaranteed 100% 1351-compatible, SmartMouse does everything the C-1351 does and more!
This highly intelligent, three-button input device includes a built-in battery-backed Real-Time
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of utilities for using the clock in GEOS and BASIC applications. Modern ergonomic designs
makes SmartMouse a smooth operator that's a pleasure to use. So, if you're tired of the slow,
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Three buttons means convenience! If you're a GEOS user, the left • SmartMouse utilizes the same advanced technology used in today's
button is configured as single click, the right as a handy double powerful 486 and Pentium PC's, providing you with unparalleled
click and the center button is the TURBO button which doubles the accuracy and smoothness.
speed at which the pointer moves across the screen. All three are
fully programmable for other application. • Built-in battery-backed Real-Time Clock automatically sets Ihe GEOS
clock, displays time and can be used In your own programs.
SmartMouse uses the same custom gate array chip as the
Commodore C-1351 mouse to guarantee 100% compatibility. • Includes utilities disk and detailed manual explaining the utilities
and programming intormatlon.
Switches easily into joystick emulation mode on power-up by
holding down the right button. • Attention Lefties! SmartMouse can be altered for lelt handed use.

Issue 23 11 COMMODDRE WORLD

 proviflos ;i way lo
do Iliat \v«» iaoiililn"l
(III KMkl'lM*4h.

as Microsoft and, as far as 1 know, nobody else add another drive 1 was instructed to insert a Maurice is working on filling many of ihose
offers a CLI for GEOS. but Maurice may be disk with ihe Toolbox on it. Can you all say potholes and plans to have ihe next release
asking for trouble down the road. All in all REBOOT? Anyhow, this isn't in the manual so finished in ihe fall {as well as Wheels^). If
this Integration is a welcome addition and take it from me - DON'T REMOVE ALL OF you purchase Wheels now you will receive the
some new genShell commends ship with YOUR DRIVES IN THE TOOLBOXI next release free provided you send in your
Wheels. 1581 subdirs are not supported and will registration. The original program comes on
crash ihe system. A native mode subdir will 5 1/4" disk only hut the upgrade will be
Potholes have an icon like a folder with CMD marked available on 'A 1/2" disk also.
While the overall manual is well written, and on it. A 1581 subdir shows up as a Commodore Maurice has an excellent track record of
covers a lot ofwhat the system can do.! found 6'! file—don't try to open it. sending out upgrades as evidenced by his
a number of items that were lacking. As mentioned, ihe TurboMaster will work distribution ofgeoShell andgeoFAXandhe is
While Maurice kept most of the keyboard with Wheels but no explanation is provided. open to suggestions for new or improved
shortcuts from the old Desktop some have Due to the configuration of this unit il requires features. Knowing Maurice's track record I
changed to accommodate new features (C= M some special handling to work with a RAM know these Wheels won't stop rolling until
is now Make Subdir instead of Rename File). unit. While an adapter was made allowing il they are better than the top-of-the-line all-
Care must be taken when using shortcuts as to run under GEOS with a 17xxRAMunll this season radialsanywhere. Needless losay, ihere
Mime depend on which Dashboard object is won'tWOlkunder Wheels. You need a geoRAM will be plenty to discuss in future Graphic
active. After adjusting to the highlighted object orbbgRamuuit plus a cart ridge porl expander Interpretation columns.
concept there are stiil some surprises is store. to rim Wheels at 4 MHz.
An important example is the C= Eshortcut Chapter 7 in the manual covers a number of Oru lain1
to'erase'a file or disk. The first timel used this applications and utilities that won't work with The ads lor Wheels feature a uilly lit lie slogan:
1 opened the boot partition on my RAMLink Wheels. These include DRGetFiles (Wheels "'let'srolldown ourwindows andgo cruisin".
and then changed the partition in the open can handle up to 255 files in ihe requestor box While it alludes lo the freedom ihe system
window. While the contents of ihe window so this is no longer needed anyhow), oilers I don't like ibis slogan.
changed, the name under the icon didn't (this geoCanvas.geoWizardanii most screen savers. We can cruise all right—and al any speed
facilitates the multi-partition concept Basically, any program that patches the kernal we want to. bul Windows are what Wheels is
mentioned earlier). The disk menu commands or allocates expansion RAM will have trouble all about. In fad. you can open 16 windows at
function on the disk/partition named under with Wheels and the new manner in which the one lime (and from the same drive ifyou want).
the icon while I was expecting to erase the hardware is handled. Rolling our windows down out of sight is the
highlighted object (in this case, the open Included with the package is a listing ofsome last thing we want lo do with Wheels.
window). Luckily adialog box opens up asking features not Implemented in this release. These The system offers many enhancements over
lor confirmation of the process. This Dll include an ashtray and printer icon on ihe GEOS V2.0. Noi only in ihe interface we use
presently only lists the Partition number and Dashboard, integrated screen saver, drive hut also in llie advanced use of our hardware.
not the name so it would have been easy to swapping in the Toolbox (the Dashboard Just as GEOS originally did for the C-(S4 in
erase my boot partition if I hadn't been paying supports drag and drop swapping for all four 1986, Wheels provides a way to do things that
attention. drives in ihe same manner the Desktop did) and we couldn't do before. That is why we need
One function of the Toolbox that works a RESTART program that will maintain the Wheels—to go places. Places we may never
almost loo well is removing drives. To set up contents of a RAM disk. The Info liox can't be have taken our hardware before, bul always
your system the way you want you can remove viewed at present bul ihe Ini'oViewV2 DA works wanted to,
or add drives in to any available spot. The first well lor now. Also missing is the abilily to II is for thai reason thai I propose a new
time I tried this I thought I would move them automatically set the clock from any detected slogan for ibis system. Wheels—laking you
all around and so removed all of my drives time device during boutup; here again various where you want to go today.
from ltie configuration boxes. When I tried to Auto-execs like CMDTimc work just line.

COMMODORE WORLD 12 Issue 23

 MMODO

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 A MODULAR PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
FOR THE COMMODORE 01

GOFA is a program management system that GOFA began life on a C-64 with an L:1'VX Fast keyword GO and die hex value placed into
allows a group ofBASIC programs (any ofwhich Load cartridge and during its development, the location 57 (FA).
may include an ML program area) to occupy EPYX was replaced by the amazing SuperCPl' The GOSX'Bor GOTOtoken(as appropriate)
memory at the same lime and interact using with 4 MB of SuperRAM. There are no is then loaded for execution by BASIC in the
special goto and gosub calls. The programs are compatibility problem with either of these usual way. The search for the line number will
not appended to one another; while each devices, but any program or device that changes begin at the(new) program start address, that is.
program begins immediately after the end ofthe the wedge at $0308 would not be compatible. in the destination program.
preceding program, all are dealt with seperately All BASIC commands operate normally and
through earful manipulation of BASIC pointers. the system may be used by novice BASIC Program Management ,
Each program {except the final one) must have programmers. Any BASIC program may be run Using BASIC'S linker (line-chaining routine at
eithe/a COiVora GOXcommand at the start, or (as the last program) without change except that SA533), the COY (or GOW command locates .
after any code thai the programmer elects to the RFSTORF. command must be used before the ending address of the BASIC part of a
have executed on start up, such as the loading of reading DATA statements. Each intermediate program, adds 2 for the double-zero end, then
VSR vectors or execution of p$Fstatements, program must execute a GON (or GOX) calculates the start address of the next program
Programs are numbered by GOFA in the order command that locates the next program and by adding the number of bytes specified by the
it finds them in memory and they are referenced stores its address. parameter (ifany)following the GOXcommand.
by that number. In all cases, the first program This next address is stored in a table, a zero is
loaded—prog.0—must be the GOFA operating Commands stored at this address minus one. the program
system. BASIC programs in any position may be The numliiT ol commands added to BASIC has lines are relinked, and the program is executed.
edited and the group may be saved as a single been kept to a minimum, with a few added (or Variables are cleared by the GO command
program file, as single programs, or in sub [he convenience nf'M I, programmers. A complete (via SYS2102) and when a nulpragramls created
groups. Machine Language routines may be list ofthe commands and what eachjdoes can be bytheGOA'orG'QA'commands.fAsusual, BASIC
stored within a BASIC program that usually found in the GOEA COMMAND REFERENCE. clears the variables and stack when any error
consists of a single line of BASIC containing a occurs—even omitting the '?' from something
GOFA command which reserves and maintains Theory of Operation like ?l'EEK(2071) in direct-mode!) An OK
the space for them. At the heart of GOI'A operation are the GO#S... message is given on executing a mil program,
All GOFA programs are loaded using the and G0#T... commands. These place the target when variables (and functions) are available for
normal BASIC LOAD command. Programs program's start address in the Slart ofBASIC keyboard access. No program can be accessed
containingnon-relocalable ML should be loaded /'ni^ivmrrcYf pointer (local ions 43/44) and then until it has been logged, soeach run should begin
first, otherwise their position in memory would change the contents of the Current BASIC Line at prog.O. usually by using the GO command.
he changed by editing any preceding BASIC Number variable (locations S7/.ri8) to a value Programs cannot be assigned any arbitrary
programs. larger than the maximum normally allowed by program number: programs are numbered in
BASIC «rt(J!):». The latter is accomplished by sequence, and referenced only by that number.
Compatibility placing a hex value of $FA in location 58, while It is recommended that the liASIC utility
GOFA is offered to enthusiastswho enjoycreating the number of the calling program is placed in program be loaded as Prog.3, so that its routines
their own programs. It has a very fast wedge at location 57. This results in a line number of may be accessed by other programs in memory
S0308 and does not use any RAM outside the ii-1000 phis the program number. The name as subroutines (using GO3S... commands to call
BASIC program area. GOFA is actually derived from the BASIC the desired routines).

OMMDDORE WORLD Issue 23

Creating Prog.O about i hi'ML programs (such asSYS addresses),
Creating Prog.O is not an easy exercise for the 2 gon subroutines forsetttng up the ML program sfsucli
novice programmer, because the ML is lo be as USR function vectors) as well as other
stored very close lo the normal start ofBASIC A As no program is required in this position at frequently used BASIC subroutines and direct-
simple loader has been provided to make this this stage, the gofa command 'gon1 is entered as mode strings.
task easier—il prints oul the required direct a BASIC line. Then enter CO. A short Prog.3 listing has been provided as
mode operations, so that the user only lias to Prog.3 is suggested as the BASIC utility area a model to illustrate the organization and
press (RETURN] when the cursor begins and will contain 'del' statements, information content of this program. Routines for
flashing on the instruction. Before running the
program it should besaved, using a name such as
GOFA COMMAND REFERENCE
'create prog.O', because 'prog.O' will overwrite
the 'create prog.O1 program.
GOFA COMMANDS FOR BASIC

Creating a Suite
GO Goes to Prog.O and executes a normal BASIC RUN. It operates in direct-mode
Prog.O contains the GOFA system and begins at
only. Prog.O executes a SYS2102, which installs the wedge. This latter call will
:\ie normal Start ofISASiCProgramText(204i)).
recover the system if you have used LOAD "NAME",S,l to load machine
language into the standard areas: it also recovers all programs that were in
0 SYS21Q2:GOX1091
memory at the time of a reset and clears halt-mode if issued in direct mode.

This has already been described above. When

GON Goes to the next program and runs It BASIC'S CLR routine is called by GOXin
loaded as a single program, RUN will produce
Prog.O, but not by GONoT 6'OA'in the other programs. It operates in run-mode
OKand/JiVtDl'messages, indicating that Prog. 1
only. A ?SYNTAX ERROR is generated if GONis followed by numerals.
may now be entered or loaded.
I'roj>.l should be contain the programmer's GO# Goes to Prog.#(where/)ris a number 0 thru 9 which represents the program
frequently used ML routines, GOFA system number) and stops with the SEADYptOtOftTiK name of a variable cannot be
extensions, wedges, etc.. Enter the following
used for pr. If Prog.pris not in the table, a BAD SUBSCRIPT ERROR is given.
BASIC line:

GO#S... Goes to Prog.#and executes a GOSUB to the line number specified in the ...
1 GOX1D01
parameter. As with BASIC, if no line number is given then line number 0 is
Or if no ML storage is required here, enter:
presumed. The normal BASIC J?ETC/JWcommand returns program execution
to the calling program. See Error Messages for additional information.
1 GON

GO/T... Goes to Prog.#andexecutesa(70TOstarting at the line number specified in the

Then enter GO. The READY message (and OK ... parameter. As in BASIC this begins (or continues) a RlWwithout CLR at line
if GO is entered again—see BASIC+ML) will In. {Note: A CLR is always performed first ifProg.O is [he specified program.)
indicate that the system is ready for Prog.2.
The 1000 bytes suggested, is a reasonable size
GOH Enters halt-mode and runs the current program, but stops in the next program
for Prog.l. SuperCPU users could locate one
with the flf.'lP) message whenever a GON or COA'command is executed. The
or more direct pages in this area. (BASIC'S next program is relinked, but not run. See Halt-Mode.
direct page is zero page, but the "8ili CPU
permits the user to specify other direct pages.)
Short routines for swapping the direct page,
GOFA COMMANDS FOR ML
changing data banks (of SuperRAM). block
moves, etc, as well as a host of short C-f>4 GOX### This command should onlybeused by expert programmers.The #n¥parameter
utilities would be stored here, for whenever
represents the number of bytes to be reserved for Ml. program storage. Users
required. If less than 1000 bytes are required
should not experiment with this command—it controls memory that the
initially. leading zeros or spaces should be BASIC Hditor knows notbingaboutl This command operates in run mode only,
used, so that the number may be increased at
and is further described under Program Management. [Note: GON is a safe
a later time without disturbing ML programs
form o/GOX for non-ML programmers.)
already stored.
Prog.2 should be reserved for longer ML
GOZ### This command stores the result of a calculation made as for the GOX###
routines, which may be non-relocatable, but command, but stores it in lo-byte. high-byt format at locations 2000,200!—
these would have to be recompiled ifthe length
without other action.
of Prog. 1 were changed. The choice of Prog. 2
will depend on the application. Alternatively,
GOY### Executes a SYS command to the address calculated as for GOZ###. No checks
Prog,2 could be an all BASIC program storing
are made.
notes and addresses of the ML programs in
Prog.l.

Issue 23 15 COMMODORE WDRLD

alternative colour schemes would also he ;i measure the time taken to fill the screen with Editing
popular inclusion. "X" characters by poking the eode (24) directly In direct mode, l7(J#, where # represents the
Users will have (heir own set of subroutines into screen memory. The clock indexes 60 required (single digit) program number, enters
for Prog.3. As always, GOis entered after loading, times per second, so the change in the count is that program at the K/iVl/JVprompt. The program
enteringor editing a program. The program rims divided by (it). The unsightly print output may then lie Listed and edited in the usual way.
untiIitreachestheGONcominandliilinel53of should be compared with thai shown corrected A screenful of lines listed from one program
prog,3. A mil ]>rog.4 is then created to prepare to three decimal places by the simple formatter may be transferred to another program, simply
the system for the user's i'ro)>.<i. in the utility program, Prog.3. bya'go#' to the ih-sliiiiilion program and pressing
Prog.4 will be used by programmers ior their Run times of the FOR-NEXT loop are very 'return' on each line (after changing the line
longerBASICsubroutmes, or setsofsiibroii tines, dependent on the position, in BASIC'S variable number, if necessary). After this edit.'go'(or one
such as those used for special formatting and list, of the variables used in it. With ")" and or more 'goh'commands} must be used to return
graphics. Enter: "A" first in the list, a time of 3.550 is required lo I he source program lor more. In this situation
by.straight HASIC, 3.633 by GOFA and 0.167 it is useful to insert a 'stop' command at the start
4 GON by GOPA with the SuperCl'U. Uecau.se GOFA of the higher numbered program.
checks every NEXT command to ensure its A program is deleted by the NI:Wcommand,
The choice ofProg.4 will depend on the main destination is within the current program, this but this also sets the end address so that all
program. Enter GOagain to prepare for Prog.5. is a severe test. higher numbered programs are also unavailable.
Prog.5 will usually be the main program, ll Stop a run with the S7P/'key after a few lines This situation can be reversed, but not by
will call subroutines in trie-other programs, using ol X'.s have been written, then try G'tMiVH, then UNNEW. Use reset li'OKI- 2050.0 will do)
for example GO3S33 to GQSUB33 in Prog.3. if GO2andflnfllly UST.Haw enter CONTmi you followed by GO.
other programs are Id follow, this program must will see the .screen filling continue from where it It is not possible to completely remove a
also have a GON (or COX) command. The last was .stopped. program by deleting all its lines; a mil program
program may require a GO&T... command to go Programs 6 to 9 are allowed for if required. would be created at which the logging process
to an earlier program on completion of the Note the use of the program number as the would cease. (Inserting a line that includes the
logging sequence. The destination line must be number of the first line of each program. This G"OA-1 command will return ihehigher numbered
beyond the program's GON command to avoid is a useful identifier when /./.STis used after a programs to the address table.) A program within
looping. Alternatively, the GO#T... command BASIC error message, or when using t lie ('-Oil a suite may be deleted by appending the next
may be given in direct-mode. command. It is not required by the system. program to it, so there is then one less program.
The demonstration program in the listing (See Housekeeping.) Unwanted lines may then be edited out. See
entitled I'rog.5 uses the jiffy clock TI to Appending.

\Z PROG.3 PROG.3 (cont.)

196 3 goto73:rem"Prog.3 of 23-1-98 33 313 vS=right$(v$,w):if w>n% then343

254 13 lisr.453-;rem information section 156 323 v$=s$+-0.■+rights!■00000000"+v$,n%}
23 goto263:rera sound the gong! 199 333 return:rem n% range 0 thru 6
33 gotol73:rem find last go#... 46 343 w=w-n%
i3:rem addr k3 line n3 prog p3 136 353 vS=sS +lefts (vS.w) +" . -+right${v$,n%)
150 53 goto293:rem v to vS in n% decimals 38 363 return:rem correct at 8 out digits
206 63 rem 6 373 rem
191 73 printchr$(14):rem initial set up :- 2 383 k3=fnd<2072+2"p3)
120 83 def fn d(p)=peek(p)+256*peek(p.l) 163 393 if k3=0then423
236 93 rem'SuperCPU BASIC Optimization :- 106 403 if fnd{k3*2)=n3 then423
77 103 poke53374,0:poke53 366,0:poke53375,0 11 413 k3=fnd(k3):if k3>0then403
186 113 gosub233:re:r;'5et up DONG sound 202 423 print"Line"n3" Prog"p3"
67 123 rem direct-mode strings :- 203 433 if k3then print" Address"k3:return
126 133 xS="goz:pO45,pE(2100):pO46,pE<2101)■ 103 443 print"Nonexistent":return
168 143 ]S=" i=fnd(43):pO]-3,32:pOj-2,32■ 78 453 stop:rem"Lines to be listed only
2 153 gon 45 463 "'sys2 324' will replace 45,46 from
52 163 rem the subroutines ;- 219 473 "2098,2099 (stored end-of-program).
201 173 p3=peek(2068):if p3=0 then213 255 483 ' poke2096,0:go0' [or other], then
11 183 n3=fnd<2069) 26 493 •■?pE(2127)' reads stack pointer but
200 193 print'last go# op: Iine'n3"prog."p3 136 503 "'poke2096,0 disables extra 'coat'
88 203 return
31 213 print"no go# op made":return \Z PROG.5
111 223 rem
238 233 g3=54272:forj3=lto24:poke J3*g3,0 184 5 rem fnd,p,g3,j3,x$,JS (used prog.3)
14 243 next:poke g3+l,20 71 Lh a=24:s=1024:f=2023:print chrS(147)
208 253 pokeg3*5,9:?okeg3.6,9:pokeg3+24,15 38 25 poke 21'l,8:rem go to line 8
0 263 pokeg3+4,17:pokeg3+4,16:return 206 35 ts=ti:forj=stof:pokej,a:next:tf=ti
161 273 rem 251 45 print chr$(147)
69 283 rem"v to v$ rounded to n% places 182 55 v-(tf-ts)/60:print v'sec."
157 293 vS=SvrS(intlv*int(10'n%)-.5)} 22 65 n%=3:go3s53:print v$' sec."
3 303 sS=left$(vS,l>:w=len(v$)-l 203 75 end

COMMODORE IfllDRLD IG Issue 23

Loading and Saving command that was made in run-mode. This is continued. (This action may he slopped by
As thestarting address ofeach program (beyond accessed by GO3S33 in direct-mode. entering l'OKF.20%.0 before entering CONT.)
programs 0 and 1) is variable, all program loads When,for«tample,6G3540(Joccursln Prog.5 If a program is to he run again, using a direct-
must use a secondary address of zero. Loading a when there is no line 400 in Prog.3. BASIC gives mode GOvT... command, use POKE ti'2.0 to
BASIC program with 'LOAD "n;ime",8.T will the message UNDEFV STATEMENT IN prevent CONT reluming to the <.ml of the
almost certainly overwrite and crash thesysteml 64005—indicating thatitwasa GOFA command previous run. (Stored by BASIC in location ()2)
Tln> fJOcon miand must be used after each load, In Prog.5 that caused the error. Users should The number of the program executed by the
although n .stand-alone program may he RUN note that the run stops in Prog.H—where BASIC CONT command appears on the screen. See
after loading. (See also the GO//command.) It is was searching for the line—so thai to cursor up warning about FOR-NEXT under ISASIC
not necessary to use iVEH'after loading an ML totheerror(ifit happens to be still on the screen) Statements.
program lo the 49152 block, or to the Tape and edit it will only compound the error.
liuffcr using 'LOAD "name",8,T. Simply enter Halt-Mode
GO. BASIC Statements The programs may be stepped through the
ThenCKTOBlBASICSAVEcornmand saves from All BASIC statements involving GOTO and togging sequence by repeated GOHcommands,
the address In locations 43/44 to that In location GOSl'B commands have their equivalent but it is better lo use repea ted CO.NTcommands.
45/46; that is. thecurrent program and allot hers G()frT... and GO~S... commands and require the To begin in prog.O. enter GOH, then GO, then
ofhigher numlHT. Entering COdfollowed by the sameor less space in listings, in addition, an !FX use CONT. Because execution stops on ihe next
usual 5.4 VF. "nnmc",drive will therefore save the GO#S... command is valid, whereas IF X GON or GOX command, LIST will list the
whole suite of programs (including the system GOSVB... is not provided in BASIC (GOTO, GO program following ihe number already printed
program) as a single file. Loading a BASIC TOand GO.S'f '/{remain valid), Because the wedge by CONT.
program will replace the current program and looks only at the first byte of a BASIC statement, Halt-mode is cleared when the last program is
all higher numbered programs, so these should both the iFand ON commands are handled by reached and also by SYS2102 in direcl-mode.
he saved first, if not already saved. GOFA, with 77/ftVdirectedback to the wedge. A Nail-mode should be cleared before any SA VE
The sequence lo save, for example, Prog.4 small speed gain may result from the dedicated that includes Prog.O, otherwise the system will

alone (when there are higher numbered routines. begin in halt-mode when next loaded. (POKE
programs) would he: GO5. NEW, GO, GO4, Users should be particularly careful not to 2097,0may also he used lo clear it.)

SAVE "PRO().4",8—each command entered begin using a FOB-NEST loop when another,
separately in direct-mode. The jV/:"IVcommand using the same FOR variable, has not been Direct-Mode Strings

creates a mil (double zero) Prog.5, that is saved concluded. BASIC will use the original FOB It is not possible to use subroutines in Prog.3 for
withProg.4. but this is usual and not a problem. statement with the later NEXT value of the all a programmer's direct-mode diagnostic

However, users should be aware that any variable, without any immediate error message. requirements, because the programmer may not

variables or (unctions created by preceding Tliis error is easy to make when going from one wish lobe inl'rog.3 when ihc required operation

programs (before their GON commands), will program lo another, because the variables and is made. The answer lo this problem is lo have
corrupt the original Prog.Ti, during the next slack are shared. To prevent it, use specific Ihe required code stored in a siring variable.
logging sequence. It cannot ihen he recovered by variable names far the FOR variable—such as/3 Then, for example, entering ?X$ would print the
in prog.3,/5 in prog.5, etc.. code for the operation on the screen, ready for
VNfflW.
Experienced programmers may save an Whenever a block of BASIC is to be used by use. Abbreviated command names may be used

intermediate program, without losing either more than one program, it should hi-placed in a in strings.

programs or variables, with the aid of the very subroutine where each program may access it
from its own FOIl-NIiXTliw\>. GOFA ML
useful 'go/' command. See GOFA Mi-
Changing the numerals alter GOA'(or deleting a

Error Messages Change to CONT BASIC statement containing a GO,Y###

When GOFAisprocessingany GO#... command command) after the command has already been
GOFA does not modify BASIC'S error routine—
it uses appropriate BASIC error messages. in direct-mode, it stores the current program processed by the GO sequence, will cause—on

Unfortunately, these messages print the line number and all ihe HAS1C continue parameters, the next GO sequence—an address lo be

number stored in locations 57/58—the same as well as the stack pointer; bul only if this has calculated mat is not ihe correct address of the
copy thai ischangedby the GO#... commands to not already been done, that is if location 20:)fi next [migrant. The system will therefore crash—

<i400# (where # is the program number). (the stored copy of location (52) is clear.The user unless the program is the last program and the

Therefore any error in statements following a is then free to list information, execute GOX number was increased.

GO#... command (including a SYNTAX ERROR commands and even run subroutines in other lor Prog.l. simply enter GO1 (and LISTH

following the program number in the command programs for diagnostic, or other purposes. required) and then enter NEW. Enter the

itself) will he reported as occuring in line 6400#. When CONT is entered, the stored CONT changed line and then enter 'go'. (Prog.2 and
parameters have priority and are used, the slack above should first be saved.) Ml. programs
For this reason. GOFA stores the line number
and program number whenever it changes the pointer is replaced and location 20SKi is cleared. already stored in Prog.l will not be disturbed,

contents of locations 57/58 in program mode. The CONT token (154) is then loaded for provided that ihe changed line consists of the

To locate the error, a short BASIC routine is execution by BASIC. In this way, the original same number of bytes. Do not create any
program that was stopped—whether in the variables between NEWand GO, because they
kept in Prog-3, that will print out the program
number and line number of the last GO?... logging sequence or later—is the one that is would overwrite the MI..

17 COMMODORE WORLD
Issue 23
 Prog.2may be altered using thesamemethod, When using a TRACK program, il is useful lo TROW commands which install and remove a
wfaileaGOiY###command in a higher numbered have all line numbers ending in the program wedgeatS308—theGOI'A wedge position. QUIT
program may be deleted iffbllowed by use ofthe number, for examplein prog.3 use 3,13.23, etc.. restores this wedge to the BASIC 'reset' position
direct-mode string AS, given at line 123 ofprog.3. This is provided by line numbering and and therefore also quits GOFA. This is easily
A program may be saved, even when il is not renumbering programs. Such programs do not reversed by SYS2115, without loss of variables.
thelast program, by using the direct-modestring change the destination line numbers of GOFA The required modification is made as follows:
X$ while in llie program and then using the commands, so the normal BASIC GOTO and
normal BASIC save. Variables must not be GOSUli commands should lie used within a LOAD *METABASIC",8,1:5YS64738

used—use a numeral for the drive number. Then program. POKE39153,90:POKE3S154,8

restore 45/46 using sys2324 to recover all POKE39156,90:POKE39161,8:SYS36364

variables. Tor a group of programs, use the GOZ Appending BSAVE"METAGQFA",36864,40961

part of.\$ in the last program to be saved, then To join two programs, for example, to append
GO=lo thv firsl program lo use the rest of .VS. Prog.7 to Prog.I), enter 'go?' and ensure- its line then ifiuGQl-'A, enter:
Save the program and restore the vector and numbers are larger than the last line ol Prog.6.
variables as before. Then enter ijjftoprini ihe direct-mode string/5 SYS2102:GO

If ML programs for GQFA are compiled with that was defined in Prog.3. Cursor up to it and
a double zero beginning, they may be loaded press return to execule ihe code. It writes two After the READY prompt appears, once again
using the normal BASIC LOAD "name".8 after spaces, one over the end-of-line zero at the end of enter:

changing the 43/44 vector to the required the last line ofProg. 6 and the other over the first
address. The 5 7S address will be 2 more than the of the two end-of-program zeros. GO
load address. (The double zero prevents ihe Prog.fi then includes ihe former Prog.7. After
linker from corrupting the program.) When COis used, the address ofthe former Prog,7 will The S/'Z:£D###ninction slows the SuperCPU's
done, GOwiU replace the 43/44 vector. disappear from the table, with theformer Prog.8 turbo mode screen writing, without any
Botli vector 43/44 and vector 45/4(i may be becoming Prog.7, etc. The first (lower numbered) noticeable effect on its processing speed.
changed to save an ML program in the ScOOO program must be all BASIC—a program cannot SPEED25S is slower than normal BASIC, while
block usblgthe normal BASIC SA VE "i]nme",8— be appended lo a program that has a G(JA'### SPBEDO'lS full turbo speed. Among many useful
bdng.surelousea numeral for the drive number. command. (Programs may also be divided.) commands, the 7'H/lC7;'IValureis very instructive
Using GO will replace both vectors. with GUI'A—especially if programs are given
Advanced GOFA line numbers whose last digit i.s the program
DATA In this introduction to the GOFA system, number. (The DUMP command proved faulty
In response to READ commands, BASIC begins programs have been loaded in turn and accessed on reading a function name and MONITOR was
its search lor DATA statements at the address by GO*S... and GO#T... commands. More not tested.)
that was stored in locations 65/66 by the CI.R advanced programmers may use the 6'0.V##
routine or by [he RESTORE command. The commands to create space into which relocatable Quitting GOFA
search ends when and end of program double MLprogramsandBASlCprogramsmaybeloaded The gofa system was designed to enhance ihe
zero is reached. As the CI.R routine is used only in run-mode. This space need not be saved—use basic system for the use of all BASIC/ML
in Prog.O, an OUTOFDATA errorwill result on XS to remove it from memory before .saving. programmers, but many useful programs—
attempting to K£.-lDdata without first executing Data statements, in any desired format, may such as assemblers and word processors—
the RESTORE command in the program be generated using BASIC, by storing the must have use ofall ihe basic program memory
containing the data. The DATA may be read by tokenlzed bytes into space created by a GQX### and therefore cannot operate under GOPA.
a program other than that containing the DATA command. The BASIC/I, 17/1 slatementsarelhen To quit gofa it is necessary to use a cold start
statements, provided the RESTORE command revealed as another program by replacing the (SYS6473S), power off or a reset button to
is executed in the DATA program (by using GO.Y=== command with a simple GOA'or CON remove the wedge.
RESTORE in a subroutine.) command. (Any numbers may be used as line
links as long as the hi byte Is not zero. GOFA will Important Notes
Housekeeping correctly link them.) Never load a program using a secondary address
When several programs 1 and 2 have been GOFA'sjump to UNPEF'DFUNCTIOS'error (i.e.. L0AD"name*,8,l). Always use
created, it is usetiil to give each a file name that may be changed to a jump to ML code—usually LOAD"name",8 or equivalent.
includes a number and to use the same number in Prog.l—where users may define their own After loading a file, ihe GOcommaud should
as the line number ofits (single) BASIC line. Any GO... commands. be used to efiecta restart and ensure the integrity
number ending in 1 would lie a Prog.l and any ofthe program address table.
ending in 2 would be a i'rog.2. (Line numbers MetaBASIC Dividing a FOR-XEXTloop—with the FOR
large or small, always occupy two bytes.) MeraBASKCCOMPUTSlB' Gazette April 1865) .statement in one program using (by accident
When this is done, it is easy to identify which is a very useful programming aid, popular with or design) the 'next' command in another
version ol'Prog.l and Prog.2 is present in a suite C-64 programmers. It is compatible with ihe program—will produce a NEXT WITHOUT
of programs loaded as a tile. For Prog.3 and SuperCl'U (with JiffyDOS disabled) and after a FOR error. Do not go lo a FOB-NEXT loop
higher. WfA f statements .should be used to label simple modification, it is compatible with GOFA. having the same FOR variable as another that
different versions. The modification is required fortheTR/tCEand has not been concluded. This will produce

CDMMDDORE WORLD 18 Issue 23

unintended operation and may also produce a Always useUSTto check a program's identity, Recover from a reset with SYS2102:CO. Or
NEXT WITHOUT FOR error.' before editing. use SYS2W2:GO!I to begin halt-mode, then use
TheGOX##ifroinm;ind(where###reprc-seiils Bnter GOO before attempting to save (using CONT to step through the logging process to
one or more non-zero numerals) should only be the normal BASIC 5,4 VE) a suite of programs as locate an error there. Do not use U\'NI-Wey.ce\rt
used by MI. programmers who understand the a single file. in the last program.
difficulties involved iii entering, changing and Use [he RESTORE command in a program Expect an extra run lime ofabmil one second
deleting il. containing DATA statements. per minute taken by a straight BASIC system.

GOFACREATE GOFACREATE (cont.

23 10 rem creates prog.0 : george flanagan 194 310 data 208,40,166,62,142,48,8,166,61,1

198 15 rem save your work, before you run it 42,47,8,166,60,142,81,8,166,59,142.80,8
152 20 rem because program is destroyed *** BO 320 data 140,46,8,186,142,79,8,176,11,14
48 25 for j=49152to50209:readd:pokej,d:next 2,22,8,166,57.14 2,21,8,140,20,8,166,58
247 30 printchrS(147):princ"press 'return'"; 124 330 data 32,115,0,206,9,232,208,31,32,14
7 35 print" on each cursored line :-" 2,166,76,134,227,201,83,208,8,32,139
120 40 poke214,5:print:q$=chr$(34) 158 340 data 11,169,141,76,231,167,201,84,20
56 45 print"0 sys2102igoxl091 8,6,32,139,11,76,41,9,76,174, 179.76,8
112 50 print-k=49152:forj=2100to3157:"; 11 350 data 175,76,53,164,32,115,0,8,32,107
111 55 print"pOj,pE(k):k=k+l:next:"; ,169,32,51,165,165,34,101,20,133,34,165
126 60 print"rem wait for cursor!" 152 360 data 35,101,21,133,35,56,165,55,229,
47 65 poke214,10:print 34,170,165,56,229,35,144,219,168,138
73 70 poke214,13:print"poke2099,0:run" 4 370 data 233,50,152,233,0,144,210,160,1,
174 75 poke214,16:print"go0" 174,78,8,224,78,208,5,40,144,195,17 6,5

31 ) print"save"q$"prog.0"q$",8' 6 380 data 40,224,88,208,4,169,0,145,34,15

85 poke214,3:print 2,101,34,133,34,144,2,230,35,224,89
20
129 90 poke43,l:poke44,8:new 0 390 data 208,14,165,34,133,20,165,35,133

238 95 rem ,21,32,48,225,76,174,167,224,90,208,13

100 data 0,0,162,0,142,23,8,134,62,32,22 400 data 165,34,141,52,8.165,35,141,53,8
115 ■■

8,8,32,243,8,169,104,141,8,3,169,8 ,76,174,167,23 8,23,8,162,2 50,154,142,79

122 110 data 141,9,3,96,0,250,0,0,201,130,20 248 410 data 8,173,23,8,10,170,142,78,B,165,

8,40,32,7,12,201,203,240,102,201,145 34,13 3,43,157,24,8,165,35,133,44,157
120 data 240,33,201,154,208,25,76,73,9,1 420 data 25,8,169,0,174.78,8,232,224,24,
95
65,62,208,3,141,48,8,32,115,0,201,139 176,5,157,25,8,144,246,32,38,11,208,8
130 data 144,220,240,13,201,142,240,65,1 216 430 data 160,1,177,43,240,82,208,37,176,
151
76,219,56,76,231,167,76,155,11,32,115,0 35,174,78,8,224,20,176,25,32,51,165,32

140 data 32,158,173,165,97,20B,13,160,0, 213 440 data 142,166,173,49,8,240,11,32,33,1

45
200,177,122,208,251,32,251,168,76,174 1,208,3,141,4 9,8,24,144,62,76,174,167
150 data 167,32,121,0,201,137,240,23,201 34 450 data 32,244,172,169,0,141,49,8,32,68
246
,167,240,8,160,0,140,76,B,76,177,11,32 ,166,165,45,141,50,8,165,46,141,51,8
160 data 115,0,176,7,32,160,168,76,174,1 153 460 data 208,36,24,165,34,105,2,170,165,
103
67,168,208,181,32,115,0,32,88,11,169,0 35,105,0,168,56,138,229,45,133,34,152

170 data 141,78,8,32,115,0,176,3,76,211, : 470 data 229,46,5,34,96,141,49,8,133,62,

27
9,208,83,141,23,8,166,58,232,208,72,32 160,106,32,47,241,76,134,227,32,142,166

180 data 228,8,138,32,113,168,76,174,167 144 480 data 166,122,134,61,133,62,208,242,7

241
6,8,175,208,251,169,255,13 3,74,32,138
,169,1,133,43,141,24,8,169,8,133,44, 141
190 data 25,8,96,166,58,232,208,3,142,49 119 490 data 163,154,201,141,240,5,162,12,76
140
,8,165,46,197,56,176,9,201,8,144,5,173 ,55,164,104,104,133,57,104,133,58,104

200 data 2,8,208,20,169,18,141,1,8,169,8 245 500 data 133,122,104,133,123,165,58,201,

227
,141,2,8,173,50,8,133,45,173,51,8,13 3 250,208,10,165,57,141,23,8,32,173,9, 169

210 data 46,96,76,174,179,76,8,175,201.1 133 510 data 0,76,248,168,132,57,169.250,133

245
64,208,6,169,137,56,76,231,167,141.78 ,56,172,78,8,240,4,136,32,251,168,96

220 data 8,201,78,240,98,201,91,176,229, 17 520 data 32,115,0,32,158,1B3,160,0,140,7

175
201,88,240,90,176,106,166,58,201,72 8,8,201,141,240,38,201,137,240,34,2 38

230 data 240,62,76,31,9,165,62,240,35,17 90 530 data 78,8,201,203,208,160,32,115,0,1

70
76,155,200,177,122,201,83,240,4,201,84
3,48,8,240,35,133,62,173,47,8,13 3,61
240 data 173,80,8,133,59,173,81.8,133,60 5 540 data 208,144,174,78,8,208,6,32,121,0
178
,173,46,8,141,23,8,32,173,9,174,79,8 ,76,211,9,72,198,101,208,22,174,7 8,8

250 data 154,169,0,141,48,8,24,173,23,8, 244 550 data 240,6,140,78,8,104,208,234,32,2

105,48,32,210,255,56,169,154,76,231,167 51,168,174,78,8,104,56,76,231,167,200

260 data 232,206,155,141,49,8,142,48,8,3 107 560 data 177,122,201,48,144,6,201,58,144

85
2,115,0,208,144,32,142,166,76,174,167 ,245,17 6,8,201,44,240,213,201,32,240
104 570 data 235,32,251,168,104,76,174,167,3
149 270 data 32,166,179,174,23,8,208,10,166,
45,142,50,8,166,46,142,51,8,76,68,10 2,115,0,208,4,160,0,240,3,32,139,176
103 580 data 133,73,132,74,32,138,163,240,5,
247 280 data 10,170,189,25,8,240,13,133,44,1
162,10,76,55,164,154.189,18,1,183,17, 1
89,24,8,133,43,96,162,26,76,55,164,76
290 data 69,178,174,50,8,228,45.208,241, 55 590 data 133,20,132,21,56,229,43,165,21,
83
174,51,8,228,46,208,234,96,32,196,9 229,44,144,25,173,23,8,105,0,10,170,189

300 data 172,23,8,56,233,48.141,23,8,32, 208 600 data 24,8,229,20,189,25,8,208,4,186,

57
173,9,166,58,224,255,144,34,174,48,8 76, 54,173,229,21,176,248,165,21,201,2
610 data 240,242,208,198

19 COMMODORE WORLD
Issue 23
 CMD - hardware ♦ ORDERS: 1-800-638 SOFTWARE • CMD
FD Series 3.5" Floppy Disk Drives THE HOT NEW UPGRADE FOR
S GEOS 64 IS NOW SHIPPING
8o« ol TO. H-gn Density D.<ks (1.6MB) S14 95 Supe-CPU
Bo'ollO Enltancwl OoniMy Dsks (3.2 MB) SWOO EuparCPU12Bw/Sgr»rRAM S319334-1W 3.54ie
SupOrRAM Card ICVU4WI6MB) S7W94/I 1*139/179 II you've Been waiting for GEOS to get better, laster and more
Miscall.-moous Hardvu.iro
HD Series SCSI Hard Disk Drives efficient, your wail is over! Click Hare Software's Wheels lakes
Monitors (40 column and 4D/S0 column) CALL
Aprolok 3-Way User Port E.ponder . . $30 00 HD-40 (40 M0) $36900 GEOS lo thG next level, with lull integrated support for all the lalcst
Aproiok User Port E.lorliilon Cable $19.00 HD-170, 170 MB (Special Edniai) $319.00
C-G4 Computer (Hemdnjlaclured. w/JDS PS) . ...$99.00 HD-500. 500t MB (Special Edition) „.. 1439.00 hardware. Wheels also adds many features not previously available
C-64C Corrcpuror (Hemnruiljicturod. w.'JDS PS}... S109.00 HD-1DO0. 1 GB (Special Edllion) S539 00
CMC Computer (Km) S139.00 HD-2DO0. 3 QB (SpoClOl EOltion) $649.00 in GEOS. as well as some that could only be had by buying or adding
SX-64 Compuror (HemanufjGlured w.'JD) S299.00
RAM Devices other utilities and patches. GEOS is really going someplace, and it
C-12B ComrwleFS CALL
C128-D Computers (RemanuTaclurBd w/JD) CALL CM0 1750 StSK HEU S99.00 has the Wheels to get there!
C-W6JC PomerSuppiy |Ntw. 1 7 Amp) 129.00 CMO 1750XL 2MB REU ...Stig.00
C-W6*C RepairauloPSINsw. 17 Amp)
C-64/64C Heavy Duly Ropiiirable PS (New, 4 3A)
M9.00 RAMLmi BasD Model (OMB. No RAMCard)
$59 00 RAMLinkwdMBRAMC.ird(Specialf)
S1J9.00 now shipping* yOO*UU
S189 00
C-iai) RocoiraDloPowor Supply (Now, 4.3 Aim.).., $5500 RAMLink W/4MB RAMCnnl tSpacial') $229.00 Minimum requirements lor Wheels: GEOS 64 vE.O, 1541 or 1571 disk
C-12BD Iniomol Powim Supply (New, 4.5 Amp.j 539.00 HAMLnkw/ISMBRAMCordlSpeclall) S349.00
tS4MI/1581'RLvl Powoi Supply (New, 1 Amp.) .... S25.00 drive, mouse or joystick, and 128K or larger RAM expander.
RAMCard RTC OfilmivMler Market Kit $10.00/$! SI DO
CBM 1541C Disk Dim (Now w/JD) 1119.00
HAMLisik Biillury G.nck-up (Optional) S24.95
CBM 1541-11 Disk Dnvo(NowWJD) $129 00

Novaterm
Parallel Casio (RAMLink lo HD) $19 95
CBM 1571 Dii* Drive (Roman ubctu red w/JD) CALL
CWD EX2-1 3-Pofl Cartridge Pol Eipanoer .. S39.00 Pro duct iv ily
CVD EX3 3-Port CanrjGgp Port Expander $34-00
CMD GeoCahle II Flint CaOle 6!!-<15B.S29 0OS34.Q0 Bank SUeel Wnier S12.00
CMD Soga-style Gamsena lor C61/12B
CMD SmartMoti5c(1351 Campaliblo Mouu)
$24-95 CQdpak 64 (ABMIH)
. . . S49.95 Cadpak 12a (ABacus)
$22 00
$25.00
version 9.6
FlipnFilo 25 Disk Holder (5-S5-lnOi.l 15.95 Chartpak 64 (Abacus) $17.00
Floppy Disks (25 pock of DSOD 5.Z5-inch.) S10 00 Chartpak 12a (Abacus) S25.O0
Inkwell Light Pon Modol 170C S75 00 Dat9Mariaa,nrf!4(TLmoivork5) S16.00 Join the Telecommunications Revolution... get
Monitor Cables ,.,,.. CALL QoDol S3*.95
I'nnnsnrac KXP-1150 9-pln Printer SI 99.00I Pamlv1.5(12B, BO-col .64KVDC) $39.00 on (lie Information Super Highway TODAY"!
Pniii9QmcKXP-2C23 24-pln Prlnler S2S9 0D IPortv1.51(12B.80.col.,6dK VDC)) S29.00
Pn-wsorac KXP-2130 24 pin Prlnler $299.00 Personal Ponioho Miinager (AoacuS) $16 00 Easy-lD-use - novice user con figuration ■ New taster BO co'umn modes: Sotl-80 on
Paiasonie KXP-2023 Cwm Kn $85.00 Pocket Wnter 1 (64) Digflai Sol.) S3500
Smartline C-600 Pnntor InlortocB _ $10.00 Pocket Wnror2(6J/12B|(DiOi1al Sol.) S65OO New supports UUencode and UUdecode CSA (enhanced scrolling w/ REU); and
Pocket Writer 3 (64 or 123) (Orgnai Sol) 570.00
andconyeflsfilesondiskorinabuNer. Also 15- or 28-linc C-128 VOC BO-col. mode
Pcciet Planner 2 or Pocket Filer 2 (Digital Sot | S3500
Big Blue Reader V4 to (50GWAP) S39.00 f(JN Prnductivity Pak I. II. or III (Specify) S15.00 ASCII o PUTSCH and PETSCII lo Una. ■ Use any memory device as a butler
CMD Utilities ... S24 95 RUN Super Starter Pak 1541 or 1531 S20.00
Protocal support1 Zmodem up/download, including1 17n REU, RAMLink partition,
JiMyMON-64 (ML Monitor) .... E19.35 RUN Woiks J20.00
SEC Chock Rogislor 12S 150 00 resume (croah recovery], slreamlng to GeoRAM, C12B VDC, BBQRAM. and
Liiiuiitiicjor. & Compilers SuDerScrlpI 128 (Precision) (20.00 intern al C64 memory.
buffer. Ymodem balch, Ymodcm-g
Sub0T0aso64 UnraJon3 01 (Precision) S3S.O0
BASIC G4 Comnilor {Atncus) Xmodem-ik, Xmodem-1k-g(lo bulloi}.
BASIC 12a Compiler (Abacus) $25.00
Supproasi.-128 VorslonSOl (Pracismn) . .. . S35.O0 ■ Newledcapluro'eaturesCaplure teuton-
SwiPCaK 64 (TimnviDtks] 116.00 Xmodcm-CBC, Punter; Keimt; WXmodcm. line and stae in any device; High-speed
BJiU< 64 Compiler (5kylBS) S30.M
Buddy 6*128 Assembler S3B00 TWS 64 w.'SDOllor (Busy Bee) S29 OO
TWS128im'SpeU«r(Bu*yBe«) S39 00 Supports High Speed Interlaces like transfers direclJy into memory and now
Coool 61 (Abacus] S17.00
Pascal 64 (Abacus) S17.00 TVrfS Modules (HOflLiilustralor) *nch$5 00
Turbo232 lor speeds up lo 230Kbps retain buffet conlents with battery/power
PcwarC (Spinnaker) 519.00 Terecommunicalions backed RAM devices such as RAMLink
Supports ANSI colcn'graptas, vT102, and
Aprttek Cam-MorJom AdaptBr(tor e't modem) S19.0O VT52 in BO col Plus Commodore color Enhancedlulllealure-dTexteditorcannow
Collotlo utilities (Hondy Goes Utilities) 113.65 Aproiek Com-MoOom Adapter Cable £9.95
graphics and ANSI color. All emulation load/save tiles from Ihe buffer and has
Dnsk Pack Plus 129.00 CommrxlorB 1B70Modom (1200Ciiud) S19.95
Dvraerils Groaiosl Hits (rteiiTmlsJ.SIarnp LabeliZBI . 130.00 Modem (9-J5)orNLjl|.MoaemCaClfl(S-9orfl.25l modules now load from one window an integrated script compiler.
19.95
FONTPACK Plus $25.00 NovntsrmB.6(w>MI1y3.5'or5.25T 529.95 Script language lor automata operations
jWeWay 64 or 128 (Spealy Version) J28.9S Tun«232Cartridgo(Uplo115Kbaua) $39.95 Now Just
ooobasic S20 00 USR Sportsler 33 eKBps FfllHoderr S169.00 Simple BBS mods ■ dial-in downloading
BtraCalc64/13B
QODCnnrt
140.00.-S45 00
SM-00 UER Eporl5ler FnimoOem w(Turl«232 1 Cabta ... $199.00
$29.95 Supports real-time clocks In CUD devices
geoFAX $39 K Scnnnmg & Video (Specify 5.25" or 3.5" dfslc)
fleoFile 64/128 S40.00/S45.00 All new user's manual
geoMakeBoat (Makes Bootable copies) S12.95
gooProgrammof $45 00
gooPublish
OEOS64V2.0
CEOS 128V2.0
S40 00
S4J0O
SJ9 00
JiffvDO*
flwSHELL V2.2 (CLI lor GEOS) S24 95
Inlernalional FOMPACK S2500 Atoniino Increase Speed Up to 1500% while
$17,00
P^rimtPcinl LO toi GEOS (Lraer-liks oulDiitl .... MS 95 BaNaiix $1300 retaining 100% compatibility
RUN GEOS Compim-on 12000
Crump1 sio.00
HUN GEOS Powor Pnk I or II (Specity) .... $20 00
Cui Throjidi S10r00
Day in me Lie or Pfehiatoric Wan Ji9 oo
Escape Route $19.00
Anatomy of ina 1541 . jaoo
C-64 Science S EnginBorlng 18.00 Felony $10.00
C12B Computer Aided DBBign IS 00 ^ogg"r no oo
C'28 BASIC Tialninj Guide S8 00 Grand Prix Circuit $!CJ.0O
Ccmmodoie 64 Tricks and Tips SB 00 Gucrl 11 d -„„... E1Q .00
Compile* Oeugn a Implcmontalion lor the C64 $8.00 Hardball £10.00
GEOS Programmers ■■%.', •,■„,. Guide S2S 00 Hfla jenb&md $19.95
Gfaphics Book lor Iho C-M $fl 00 Island dI rne Dmuuti ,.„ $19.00 Nole: Compufer Serial Number Required for C-61/64C Orderi
HiKMiikers Guido to GEOS $28 00 Jordan vs. Bnti OnoonOnv S10.0Q
IrJMG toe Use on Your C-U4 Jg oo
Kmga o? tho So*ch nM.M-«.-i $10.00
Pnn1«r Book tor ino C84 $8 00
Mapping trie CE4 (8 00 Lions 0' Uio Unlveraa
Lords of Coitquoil , ,
$t9.95
JtO.OO
Shipping and Handling Charges
MIDI a Sound Mainiramg S13Q0
Conllnonlal United Slates AK.HI.PR Cnri '■!.• l-m,,,,,.
MaanStreola J10.00
Digimaster S34.95
SID Symphony Stereo Cartridge $44.95 Menace 115 00
OrdOr Suhlolrjl Day D.iy Day Air Pdbi UPS
Dr IS Caged Artist or AlgorythrnicCompasef S15.00 Monday Njqm Football - $10.00
Rings of Medusa SlBOO 50.01 to $19 99 S4.75 CALL CALL sis oo- S5.00 CALL
Educational PUN C6J Gam&pa^ of Gl^ Funpak (Spec(y] . ... 510.00
Sltale of Die S13.00 S5.75 CALL CSLL S 17.50- 37.00 CALL
Sl 500
EiDflditions fages 6-15) Si 500 The Pre^idejil Is Missmgf .„_ SlO.OO S30.Q0IO S59 99 56.75 CSLL CALL 111.00' J9.00 CALL
Pro-Roading (ages 3-7) S15 00 TbflTNM Sloogos _ S10.0Q
Sporhng Gob {jigea &-13| $15 00 T>a Breah Tonnu Sifl 00 S7.7S CALL CALL S2Q 00' 111.00 CALL
TMit Glass Computer (Htfos 12*) Tola! Eclipse Si 0,00 SI50 DQ in 5599.03 111.00 CALL CALL J38.W £20.00 CALL
The Market Placn (agoo Q-14) ,..,.. SIS 00 Wulkarr Si 9.00
Wherein Biropo Is Cormuh SanDiDgo? Wfl.OO Warin Mkddla Ertrih .,..,.,..,. SiO.tJO S30Q QQ To S7BS.B9 118.00 CALL CALL S4I.00" SI5.00 CALL
Wliere in Iho World li) CiiimDn SonDiego? WmgsoiCirco Si9.00
SB00 00 ftllJ up 521.00 CALL CALL S55.0O- £3fl B0 CALL
••• All Major Credit Cards Accepted ••• UPS C.O.O. (09 S5.00 (US only)

Mastercard • Visa • Discover • American Express 1 Other shipping methods available. Call for aelails.
Policies: CMC accapis: Major Credit Cards. Money Orders. COD and PoisonalChscks

CMD
Creative Micro Personal Checks are held 3 weeks Customer is responsiDle lor shipping charges on
Inc. retieod packngos. Most Items am stock, contact CMC lor firm dolivary. Returns lor
P.O. Box 646 Info: (413) 525-0023 merchandiso ciodit only wilhln 30 days with pnor oulhonzailon. Credits me less shipoing.

East Longmeadow, MA 0102!! Fax: (413)525-0147 hondtinfj. tines, cusloms. duties, iind n 10% restocking churuo. No rolunds or credits on
opuntnl 5ottwnr9. Alt prices nndEpocilicntronsnresubiecUochJingewithoulnolico CM[3
Visit our Wob Site at: http://wwiv.crTKiweb.com/ Businoss Hours1 jOrdBr5)M-F,9AM-5aOPMEST(TecriSuppon|M.F. 1PM-5.30PMEST.
 HOT SUMMER SAVINGS!
C-64 COMPUTERS, KEYBOARDS & CASES
C-64 in Slimline Case (no Power Supply) S49.00
C-64 in Slimline Case (with Power Supply) S69.00
C-64 Keyboards (reconditioned) S29.95
C-64 Slimline Case $10.00

SuperCPU 64 S199.00 SuperCPU 128 S259.0

SuperCPU64w/0MBSupeRAM S239.00 SuperCPU128w/0MBSuPEP,RAM S299.0
SuperCPU 64 w/1 MB SuperRAM S259.00 SuperCPU128w/1MBSuPEHRAM S319.0
SuperCPU 64 w/4 MB SuperRAM S274.00 SuperCPU 128 w/4 MB SuperRAM S334.0
SuperCPU 64 w/8 MB SuperRAM S298.00 SuperCPU 128W/8 MB SuperRAM S358.0
SuperCPU 64 w/16 MB SuperRAM S338.OO SuperCPU 128 w/16 MB SuperRAM S398.0

HOT DEALS ON GEOS & WHEELS!

Wheels 64 - Just Released! S36.00
GEOS64v2.0 S34.00
GEOS 128 v2.0 S39.00
GEOS 64 V2.0 & Wheels 64 Bundle $65.00

GEOS APPLICATIONS ON SALE!

Desk Pack Plus S19.00 geoPublish S30.00
GEOBASIC S10.00 geoProgrammer S40.00
geoCalc64 S30.00 GEOS Companion S10.00
geoCalc128 $35.00 GEOS Power Pak $10.00
geoChart $19.00 GEOS Power Pak II $10.00
geoFile 64 S30.00 Font Pack Plus $15.00
geoFile 128 S35.00 Int'l Font Pack S15.00

GEOS BONUS SPECIALS

Purchase any GEOS product or Wheels and
Get geoMakeBoot for only $7.95*
Get a CMD 17S0XL REU for only $89.00*
Get a 4 MB RAMLink for only $199.00*
Get a 16 MB RAMLink for only $299.00*
*Prh? is in addition to price of qualifying product

POWER SUPPLIES
CMD Service Center
C-64/64C (NEW STOCK 9VAC1A/5VDC 1.7A)
Reasonable Rafes • Quality Work
C-64/64C (NEW 9VAC1A/5VDC 1.7A REPAIRABLE)
C-64/64C HEjwyduty (new 9vac1A/5VDC4 3a repairable)
S5900
Computer & Drive Repairs " Reset Switches
C-1 28 (NEW 9VAC 1A/5VDC 4.3A REPAIRABLE) S55.°°
1541-11/1581 (new stock cm) s25m Keyboard Cleaning • Device Select Switches
E20.00
1571 (used but thoroughly tested)
1541 {used but thoroughly tested) CALL FOR AUTHORIZATION BEFORE SENDING ANY ITEM

You may now reach CMD on the Internet at:

HTTP-.//WWW. CMDWEB. COM/
TECHNICAL SUPPORT: [email protected] • SALES: [email protected]
and art subject to ehangt without naiict. AH Urns subject to availability, call before ordering. Sec oar main adforshippingprices.
 WAREHOUSE
CLEARANCE SALE
1 -800-638-3263
CMD's Warehouse Sale includes many Iiarcl-to-find used and (where noted) new
items. In most rases We have only one or two of eudi ittrm in slock, so be Sure io place
your order before your selection lias been taken! A minimum order of $20.00 applies
to all Warehouse Sale orders. Shipping charges are not included in the prices shown.
(See our main advertisement elsewhere in this issue for shipping information).

TELEPHONE ORDERS ONLY ON THESE ITEMS

Mailed in ordersfornon-restrved out-efstod item will rc.mli in a merehmdist credit.

No cash refunds. AH Item listed here are sold "as-h", and a!! sales are final. Prices and
specifications subject to change without notice. Not responsible for typographical errors.

BOOKS The C=64 Guide to Data Files and Advanced Basic 10.00 CARTRIDGES
12B Machine Language lor Beginners w.'Disk 16.00 The Elementary Commodore 128-Program in Basic?.0 10.00 All in The Color Caves 10.00
1571 Internals 15.00 The Elementary Commodore 64 10.00 Alpha Build 10.00
1561 DOS Reiemce GuxJe 10.00 The Master Memory Map lor the Commodore 64 10.00 Big Bird's Special Delivery 10.00
40 Mae Great Flight Simulate Adventures . 10.00 The Official Boc* Of King's Quest-Davenlry and Beyond 10.00 Bubble Buisi 10.00
Algorithms For Personal Computing 10.00 Your Commodore 128 10.00 Cat Result ■ Advanced icr C=64/I28in 80 Column 10.00
Ail Aboui the Commodore 64 Volume 1 10.00 Your Commodore 64-AGuide to the Commodore 64 10.00 CO.UALB0 25,00
All Aboui The Commodore 64 Volume 2 10.00 Compute's Music Sys.Enhanced Sid Player S Sid Cart 50.00
Anatomy 01 The 1541 8.00 BUSINESS Easycalc 8.00
Assembly Language for Kids C64 w.'128 Update 10.00 Belter Working File S Report (new) 15.00 Explode V3.0 8.03
Assembly Language For Kids- Commodore 64 10.00 Business System-Sales Analysis Management 10.00 Fatemaker '0.O3
Big Compute/ Games 10.00 Dalamanager2(new) 15.00 Freeze Frame -Transparent Screen Dump 10.00
C123 Compute! Aided Design (new) 8.00 Easy Finance 1 5.00 FroggerVIC 20 Version 10.00
C64 Programmer's Reference Guide 25.00 Easy Finance I 5.00 Hesid! 10.00
C=i28lnternals-TheAuihonlativelnsidersGuide - 15.00 Easy Finance II 5.00 Hop Along Counting 10.00
C=64<123 Graphics and Sound Programming 2nd Ed., 10.00 Easy Finance III 5.00 Kids on Keys 10.00
Cassette Book For The C=64 And VIC-20 12.00 Easy Finance IV 5.00 Kindercomp 10.00
Commodore 128 Programming Secrets 10.00 Easy Finance V 5.00 Linking Logic 10.00
Commodore 64 Assembly Language 10.00 Filer's Choice-Filing and Record Keep:ng System 6 00 Maslertype (new) 10.00
Commodore 64 Oala Files ■ A Basic Tutorial 8.00 JANE 128 1500 PacMan 10.00
Commodore 64 Fawmie Programs Explained 10.00 Label Wizard 5.00 Partner 128 25.00
Commodore 64 Graphics with COMAL 10.00 Load'n'Go Home Management Senes 25.00 Sea Speller 10.00
Commodore 64 Trouble Shooting & Repair Guide 10.00 Paperback Filer 64 10.00 Si/per Explode V5.0 10.00
Compute's Beginners Gu;de Io Commodore 64 Sound 10,00 Paperback P.anner 64 10.00 Super Snapshot W w/manual 25.00
Compute's Commodore 64 Graphics 10.00 Planner's Choice -Personal Planning System 8.00 Tulle Graphics II (LOGO-type language) 8.00
Compute's First Book otC-64 Sound And Graphics 10,00 RUN Produciivity Pak II 8.00 Up 6 Add 'em 10.00
Compute's First BookOI Commodore 128 tO.OO Securities Analyst i28?Supet Disk Library 8.00 Warp Speed 15.00
Compuie's Machine Language For Beginners 1000 Silent Bulier (Chert Writing syslem] 15.00
Compute's Machine Language Routines Fw the C=64 10.00 Sffent Butler (new) ...25.00 CARTRIDGES (NoDoct)
Compute's Thud Book ol Commodore 64 10 00 Supervise 128 1500 AnackOf The Kite Camels 8.C0
Computer Programming In The Basic Language 10.00 Swiftcalc64 ...10,00 B C'S Quest For Tires B.CO
Digital Research CP/M Plus 25.00 Swiftsheet 128 10.00 Centipede SCO
Flight Simulate! Co-Pilol 10.00 SwiitTax 85 8 00 Clowns 8.CO
Flying On Instruments With Flight Simulator 10.00 The Consuitant (Database Management 15.00 Cosmic Life 8.CC
Guide to Care, Feeding and Training of C-W 6.00 The EWronc Checkbook 15.00 D ucks Ahoy fi .00
How To Use The Commodore 64 6.00 The ELF Syslem (new) 20.00 Frogger 8.00
Ho* To Use The Commodore 64 Compute! 10.00 The Home Accounlanl „ 15.00 Froggerll 8.00
I Speak Basic To My Commodore 64 , 10.00 The Home Banter 10.00 Hop Along Counting 8.00
Learning With LOGO 10.00 The Home Manager 10.00 International Soccer 8.00
Machine Language lor the Absolute Beginner 10.00 The Manager 10.00 KinCeicomp 8.00
Machine Language For The C-64 and other C= Comp 10,00 The Negotiaton (new) 15.00 Linking Logic 8.00
Osoomel User's fleierence Guide 15.00 The Sate Edge (new] 15.00 Magic DesV I 8.00
Programming The Commodore 64-The Definiiive Guide 10.00 The Word Machine/Name Machine (new) 5.00 Memory Manor 8.00
Spnle Graphics For The Commodore 64 10.00 Vaiuecalc 8.00 Number Tumblers 8.00

COMMODORE UVORI_O 22 issue 23

 PacMan 800 Bubble Gtasi e.OO 1351 Mouse Complete with Bo* 39.00
Popeye 800 Bureaucracy , io.OO 1764 RAM Expansion Unit w.'manual and disk 40.00
Q-Eerl g.OO Cauldron,,, 6.00 6 S'ot Cartridge Port Expander lor VIC 20 10.00
Sales Cartridge 6.00 Championship Gorl (new) 6.00 Aprospand-64 .,„ 20.00
Sea Spelter ..,8.00 Chomp (new) 4.00 Assorted Joysiicks ,„. 5.00
Star Post 8,00 Chuck Yeagers Advanced Flight Trainer 10.00 Commodore 1750 RAW Expansion Unil W/Manual 50.00
Stay Machine 8.00 Countdown To Shutdown 6.00 Computer Eyes- Video Acquisition System 50.00
Super Zaoon 800 Cutthroats (new) 10.00 G-WIZ Pnnter Interface 49.00
Up & Add 'em 8.00 Dig Dug 6.00 GeoRam 512 wGeoRam 2.0r 60,00
VkJuzzles 8.00 Feud 6.00 HendyScanner W.new manual, disks and ps 175.00
Warp Speed 8.00 Fist - The Legend Continues 6.00 I control ler J5.00
Flight Simulator II (w/Flighl Physics book) 15.00 KEYDOS Function ROM for C126 V2 6.00
DESIGN Flight SrmulatorScenery Disk fl (new) lO.M Koala Pad w/manual 25.00
Awardware g.00 Flight Simulator Scenery Disk Set Disks 1-6 (new) 50.00 Light Pen -no documentalion,..., .,„. 5.00
Certlicale Maker (new) 15.00 Gauntlet ,,,,6.00 Magic Voice Speech Module 50.00
Certificate Library lor Cent Maker Vol 1 10.00 Grand Pn< Circuit 10.00 Micro Stutter Pnnter Buller 2500
Colorez 128 -40 to EO Column Graphics Utility 8.00 Guen'la (new} 6.00 MicroWorid MW-302C Printer Interface 30 GO
Doodle 800 Gull Strike 6.00 Pa nl-N-Sfcetcn I wlighlpen !5 00
Graphics Inlegrator 10.00 Hardball (new) 6.00 Panasonic CCTV Carwa .... 15.00
Graphics Integrator 2 10.00 Heart of Alrea 6.00 PPIBBU w:Bat!ery Pak .P/S, Disk & Manual 20.00
IPAINTV1.3 12.00 Heartland (new) 6.00 R.I.S.T Inc ComTalker 64-Tew lo Speech Synthesizer 25.00
Newsmaker 128 10.00 High Roller 6,00 Smart One 2400X Modem w/Swifiiink 8 Cable 50.00
Printmasler Plus 64/128 15.00 jeopardy Jr. Edition 8.00 The Connection ■ Parallel Pnnier Interlace 20.00
The Graph ics Ga lleria 8.00 Jordan vs Bird 10.00 Used Slimline cases lor Commodore 64 10.00
The Newsroom 10.00 Karate Chop (new) 6.00 VIC-10! 1A RS232C Terminal Type Interface Cart 10.00
The Newsroom (new) 15.00 Kings ol toe Beach (new) 6.00
Kung Fu Il-Sticits ol Death (new) 6.00 MAGAZINES
DISK UTILITY Mean Streets 10.00 Ahoy - Jan-Dec87. Jan-Dec88 (No May), Janfl9 25.00
1541/1571 Drive Alignment 10.00 Mini Putt 6.00 Compute -12 Issues Nov-Dec92, Jan-Oct93 15.00
Big Blue ReaderV2D2 10.00 Mini! Man 6.00 Computes Gazette D;sks Feb-Dec 93 10.00
FASTRAC/128 10.00 Modem Wars 6.00 Transactor Apr89, JunB9, AugS9 5.00
Kfacker Jan - The Ci2B Cannon 10.00 Murder by the Dozen 8.00 Twin Cities 128 Issues 20-34 15,00
Kracker Jax - Ttie Maverick V3 10.00 Wavy Seal 6.00
Super 61 Ulihlies 10.00 Navy Seal (new] 8.00 MISCELLANEOUS SOFTWARE
SuperCal-Oisk Catalog System 8.00 Operation Whirlwind 6.00 Aerobics 6.00
The Maverick V5 20.00 Pathwoids 6.00 Bobsterm Pro (new) 1000
Perry Mason-Mandann Murrtf _ 6.00 Computer Diel-The Scarborough System (new) ....6.00
EDUCATIONAUCHILDREN Predator , 5.00 CP.W Kit For The Commodore 128 5.00
Alphabet Zoo 1000 Presidential Campaign 6DO Postcards 1000
Chase On Torn Sawyer Island , 10.00 ProBoung 6.00 RAMDOS Lightning Fast RAM-Disk 5.00
Color Me-The Computer Coloring Kit 10.00 O-Bopper 5.00 Songsmith tor CW128 5.00
Computer Science 5.00 Oix(new) 5.00 Songwriter .,5,00
Couniing Parage 10.00 Racing Destruction Sel 6.00 Term Paper Writer (new) 10,00
Donald's Alphabet Ctiaso 10.00 Raid Over Moscow 6.00 Toyshop (new) 35.00
Early Learning Friends 10.00 Realm ol Impossibility (iwwl 10.00 Warewilhall (Mixed Party Paper Pak) (new) 15.00
Early Numbers 10.00 Renegade 6.00 Writer/File Pak 1541 8.00
Ernie's Magic Shapes.... - 10.00 R;ngso! Medusa (new) 8.00
Ernies Big Splash 10.00 Road to Moscow 6.00 PROGRAMMING
Fun House - 10.00 Rocke! Ranger - 8.00 Basic 64 Compiler 10.00
Gravers Animal Shapes 10.00 Santa Paravin 6.00 Basics 15.00
Hey Diddle Diddle 10.00 Sanxion 6.00 Basic 8 Toolkit 5.00
Kids On Keys 10.00 Serve and Volley (new) 6.00 Basic Compiler 128 15.00
Magic Spells-Spelling Skills 10.00 Sky Fox 6.00 Complete Course In Base Programming 20.00
MECC Expeditions 8-00 SnowStnke 6.00 GEOBAS1C (new) 10.00
MECCOdellLake 8.00 Slationfall 6.00 Hesware ■ Graphics Basic 10.00
Peter Rabbit Reading 10.00 Summer Games — 6.00 Simons Basic 10.00
PnntKH - 10.00 Trie American Cha!lange-A Sailing Simulation (new) 10.00 SYERES Program Manipulation System 10.00
Reader Rabbit 10 00 The President is Missing (new) 5.00
Snoopy Writer 10,00 Thud Ridge (new) 6.00 WORD PROCESSING
Snoopy's Skywriter Scrambler 10.00 Total Eclipse (new) 5.00 Easy Mail (new) 8.00
Sticky Bear Basket Bounce 10.00 Tracker 6.00 Fleet System For C128 15.00
Sticky Bear Main 10.00 Trinity 10.00 Font Master 128 15.00
Sticky Bear Reading 10.00 Ullsma III: Exodus 25 00 Ghost Writer 128 10.00
Sum Ducks 10.00 Uliimaie Wizard 6.00 Homeword (new) 6.00
The Electric Company Roil a Word 10.00 Up Periscope 6.00 Waster Word 8.00
Where in the Europe is Carmen San Diego (new) 2000 Word Flyer - 6.00 Masiertypes Writer B.00
Where in !fle World is Carmen San Diego (new) 25.00 World Class Leaderboard 6.00 Paperback Wnter64/l28 10.00
Zenji 6.00 Paperclip 64 15.00
GAMES Zorkl 6.00 Pocket Wnier 2 10.00
Alter Ego 6.00 Zorkll 10.00 Superscript 12B 10.00
Amnesia 6.00 Superteit Word Processor 10.00
Archon 10.00 GEOS The Printed Word 8.00
Ardok-The Bartanan 6.00 Geownle Workshop 128 8.00 The Write Stuff 12.00
Batman-Trie Caped Crusader 10.00 WordPro 3 PlusM (new) 15.00
Beach-Head 6.00 HARDWARE Wordwriter 128 20.00
Beach-Head II 6.00 1351 Mouse Complete 3500 Wnlers Choice Word Processing 8.00
Borrowed Time 6.00 1351 Mouse Complete,. 25.00

Issue 23 COMMODORE WORLD

 CENTIPEDE BBS

Centipede 128 BBS; $69.95 +i//j; Adam onahard drive, orhaveaspecilicnaming convention. that it has the look ami feel ofanytypeofBBSyou
Fmelb/BugsaR, 4S22 tww Mv., Cypress, CA Centipede takes a broader approach and allows the want. Add-ons included with the BBS software allow
90630-3515; Nature Reserve BBS 714428-7296; Sysop t o d ecid e the se t h ings, an d gi ve n enough Storage you to change the structure so the commands and
a i/.jj 11 l(ii'.Kin. i in;; h I tp:/A vww.bugso&u a rc.com. space, all BBS filescan be iiithesame location. One of menu structures are similar lo a Colorfi4 or Image
Centipede's key features is usability lo use nearly any BBS, You can also customise the BBS losuit yourowu
Some Commodore BBS packages arc legendary. type of Commodore storage unit available including preferences, and the utilities to do so are well
Coloi64, C-Net. and Image have been established Commodore disk drives (even the 1542 dual drive). documented.
overt heyears as do m i na ti ng forces in t he Com m odore CMD storage units (RAMLink, I ID hard drive, and As my system is only intended for personal use, 1
BBS community. In looking over these systems, it's Rldrives)IEEEunits,ICTDalaChief,lCTMiniChief. didn't need to set up games or file transfer areas, so 1
always been clear thai they have a long history (ten the 1,1. Kernal hard drives, RAM Lxpansion Units, and didn't concentrate on those aspects of Centipede. 1
years!) of author and sysop-created add-ons and inulliplexcd systems. Because many of these devices noted, however, that it has several games available
modifications (known "mods" in BUS lingo). have dillering methods ofsending DOS commands to and utilities lo convert Colorli'l and VV2H games and
Centipede by Adam Fanello is a new BBS package lor access i t, t h e man u a! covers ho w t o I ell 11 i e B BS soft wa re other add-ons. The documentation discusses several
the C128 that although new, has a rich history. In where to find files on each particular devices. It also ways the Sysop can approach designing and
development since 1992, it started as "V128", an covers general information about how much space implementing file transfer areas.
upgradetoCotour6*v7^rtheC128. UnlikeV128, each unit can hold, and any obvious negative thingsa
however, Centipede isa completely new BBS package Sysop niaj1 need to know about. User Features

that Incorporates similar features as ColorlM. will) Naturally, a BBS uses a modem to receiveandsend I laving a BBS that's lull featured and easy to use from
updated and modernised amenitieswlthoul U)years datatoor from the outside world. In the "modern age" the Sysop point of view is Important, but it's just as
ofupdates to contend with. ofCommodoretelecomniunicatioiis.Unessential mat important that it be easy for the general public to
Cent i pe.de co i i les wi 111 a 71 page m a n ua 1 i 11 a po ckel - the BBS be backward-compatible with older modans navigate and use. I laving never accessed a Centipede
folder, convenient for holding the BBS disk(s) and and that it allow Sysops to use current modems and RBS, I expected to have p rol >lems "naviga ting" th ro ugh
Updated printouts oftext files. A BBS program can lie interfaces as well, it allows modem speeds from 1200 the BBSasn user since I'm not lamiliar with it. but this
one uftbe most com plicated things you can set-up on bps up through the range ofthe Turbo232 cartridge didn't happen. The menus were easy to find,
a computer, regardless ofplatfbrm,andl consider the (llf).200bps). Centipede works with Commodore" understand and navigate. Features that slood out in
documentation fora BBS program to Ixnis important compatible modems such asthe Commodore 1670 or thisarea include the ability lodeline message areas to
as the software itself. Without good documentation, Aprolek modems, and other modems using either a read, which is stored in the User's information file.
a new SySOp tan easily become lost or discouraged User Port or Cartridge Port interface (including the Fullscreen and line editors, that can be accessed from
and it's no fun wading through 1000's of text files to Swift Link orTurbo232). each other, find and replace while editing, and the
find information about how to set some things up. As Centipede works with several devices that can abilih to upload text files to messages.. For file
Instead ol lumping directly into the software. use cither the User or Cart ridge port, the manual also transfers, you can "tag" or select files using a full
Centipede's manual begins with a brief history ofthe covers additional items that may be required such as screen file selector. Centipede currently accesses with
of UBS package and a glossary for terms anil phrases a cartridge port adaptor or a Cl 28 Adaptor Board lor ComLiuk and Nelli-l networks, and access to the
thai may beunlamiliar. the Lt.Kerual hard drive. CommNet network is in Bela lesiing. Email (private
The manual features one ofthe most important messages) can be sent to individuals on the local BBS
aspectsofany BBS: the planningand designing stage. Setting Up as well as to users on any networked BBS systems.
This is essential (not only to running a BBS. but to After reading the manual away from the computer a Therc'sveryliltleaboutCenlipedelhall didn't like.
organising a liliS software manual) because without few days before setting up the software, I bad a fairly It's obvious that the author is experienced with
careful consideration the first lime around, a sysop reasonable idea of the type of BBS i wanted to set up: Coi tin iod o re B BS's a n d 11 e in a n aged 1 o c rcale a system
can spend a great deal of time RE-orgaiusing the BUS a single user BBS system so that I could participate in that incorporates the best while avoiding many ofthe
to suit his or her needs AFTER installing the I1BS the BBS networks that Centipede connects with and pi (falls ofother systems. My only complaints are that
software. By covering theplanningstageof setting up communicate with other Commodore sysops. Ifyou it accesses devices!*-!.1"), instead of"8-30, and when the
a BUS, Centipede's manual guides the new Sysop and don'thavemuchinthewayofCoinmodoresupporiin sysop exits the BBS, it doesn't reset the computer.
helps avoid headaches down the track. your area, setting up a single-person BBS and User documentation for the BBS would be a nice
Another aspect covered in-depth in the manual is networkingwith other systems is a creative way Eo gel addition, but because ihcdc-faullCcnlipcde system is
the type of"Storage Units" (disk drivw. hard drives. support. I allowed myself two days to sel tip the BBS, soeasyto navigate, it isn't necessary, ll'seasyloset up
RAM devices, etc) that will be used to run the BBS. and was really pleased that it only took an afternoon and use, anil that's what will make this BBS software
Some BUS packages require the Sysop to set up their to have it up and running with the default Centipede package legendary.
BBS storage devices in a particular manner, even to system structure. One of [lie unique things about ■ Gaehne R. Gasson
the point that directories must be in certain locations CentipedeisthatitallowsSysopsioseluplheirBBSso

COMMODORE WORLD 24 Issue 23

 MEETING 64/128 USERS The Internet for Commodore C64/128 Users
2nd Edition
by Gaclync R. Gussun
THROUGH THE MAIL ISBN: 0-64(1-32207-9

TtnonlyCa 64/128 Internet reference guide, ihi.s 296 piiyc manual U&B9
yon through banlwsa and loftwan Dttdad, how [o gtf onling and what you
can di> once you're ttwre. It ciivcrs Email, World Wide Web, ETP, IRC.
Ttlnflt, Newsgroups, Commodore files, archives and much more.

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issue 23 25 CaMMODDRE WORI-D

 Just For Starters

HELPFUL HINTS FOR. HANDLING DISK DRIVES

not lo bury floppy drives, nor to praise learned of it. I had the same reaction you'll
them, but tatrytomakeyourlifewiththema probably have: "Isn't that a bad idea?" But [
little easier. am assured from some of the highest
In this column, we've recently discussed all authorities around that what we are about to
ihc lillle add-ons you might want for vour do is safe. Because resetting (or physically
system lo make your drives faster and more turning off and on) the Commodore causes
productive. But rhere are other lips and tricks the disk drives to spin and reset (heir error
to keep in mind that don't require any status (the blinking will stop and the error will
additional hardware. be forgotten), \\n need to make sure the disk
drive doesn't know the computer is resetting.
Mystery Errors The solution is simple and inelegant—remove
One of the most frustrating crashes you can the cable connecting the computer and disk
encounter as a Commodore user is a diskdrive drive while you reboot! 1 would recommend
error in the middle of 8 game or application. removing the disk drive end. So, when a pesky
In virtually all games and many productivity error shows up, pull out the cable from the
programs, it's not possible to check the type of drive, turn your Commodore off and then on
disk error from the program itself, and not wedge such as the one found on the 1541/ (or hit the reset button on a 12S>, then plug
possible to exit to BASIC. You can reset or 1571 Test Disk on the drive which is not the cable back into the drive and check the
turn offyour computer to get out of the crash, displaying the error. error!
bin doing that will reset the disk drive, and One way to find out what error bus occurred
you'll never know what the red blinking was il the program doesn't make any allowances is Are You There?
all about. If only you could see what that error with a powerful freeze cartridge which can included here is a short lillle type-in program
was, you might be able to determine if there channel disk commands from the freeze menu. you can use to poll the chain of disk drives
may be a physical error on the disk, a missing The Action Replay fits this category, but has connected to the machine.
file you might be able lo retrieve from ;i backup, become somewhat difficult to find. If you do
or something else. have access to one. you can use the monitor or 10 for i=8 to 30
In general, when you want to check the error 20 open!5,i,15:closel5
the disk tools to quickly check the error,
30 if st=0 then print "device"
channel from BASIC, you can either use the Another freeze cartridge, the Final Cartridge ,-dv; "is present"
short type-in program found in your drive 111, will make an exit to BASIC without cycling 40 next
manual, or one of many utility cartridges or the disk drives, so the error status will remain
ROM enhancements with a built-in DOS and you can check it then. When you run this program, you'll see a list of
wedge. Alternately, ifyou have multiple drives But for the rest of the world, the solution device numbers for all of the serial bus devices
bin no utility cartridge, you can load a DOS requires a little more effort. When I lirst which are connected—at least those which

COMMODORE WORLD 26 Issue 23

 \\UImiil a disk drive it's very dik k ii-ull
i»ei aloui* in the world. Keep yours
happy... and you'll enjoy using your
Commodore I hat iiiueli more."

are functional enough lo return a certain ofdisused or unwanted equipment, like a stack for the first time. After that, you can feel free
command code lo (lie computer. of floppy drives a school no longer needs. The to use the quick version. If, however, you
Why might you find this useful? For one condition of the equipment might be suspect, suspect a disk might have a physical flaw after
thing, if you're having some trouble with ;i however. If you can assign the drives different you've been using it for a lime on your
multi-drive chain, you can use this to make numbers, hook them all up, and run this lit lie computer and you want to use that disk again,
sure that every drive is responding and that program, you can at least verify that it's best to do a full format—that way, if there
each of the device numbers you are expecting somebody's home inside the drive. Of course, arc any errors on the disk, you'll know about it
to see appear. Disk drive device numbers start if they've been dropped, drop-kicked, or in the formatting process and can file the disk
at 8 (for somewhat arcane reasons—you might otherwise abused, there may be physical
think 1 would be more logical, but .it the time problems (like the alignment of the drive bead)
ihe decision was made, tape drives were much that won't show up in this simple test.
less expensive so it was thought they would he
used extensively, hence the I designation lor Mass Extermination
tapes.) Depending on what sort of drive you're Sometimes, you'll want to format a kit ofdisks
using, they can range up to 11,15, or 30. Hach at once. Some other 8-bit users like to make
fun ol'Commodore computers because the disk
format! ing command from KASIC is relatively
more convoluted than theirs—and they do
have something ofa point. Any old DOS wedge
speeds the process considerably. Or, you can in the appropriate disposal facility, rather than
use a special format utility program, such as losing your valuable files later on.
the one we've provided here. The EZl;ormat liZFormat will allow you to format whatever
program will allow you to formal disks in any disk is in any powered drive with a simple
drive you have connected to your computer, menu choice. You can bit "Y" to format the
as many limes as you want, with a simple disk in the device named, "N" to continue on
keypress. to the next device, or "Q" to exit the program.
There are really two format commands on BZFormat only performs "full" formats. After
the Commodore. One cleans the entire disk entering the name you will be prompted for an
thoroughly and places a new name and Iwo- ID code. If you do not want to enter your own
drive needs a unique number. The most basic letttT II) code on the disk. (The ID.shows up name and/or ID code, just press the RETURN
drives, ihe 1543 and 1571, range up lo 11. on the right hand of the first line of your key at the promts and the program will
These cither have small 1)11' switches on the directory listing, before the "2A" common with randomly create one for you. EZFormat can
back to select the number (new style) or must 1541 disks.) The second format only wipes the be very helpful if you're preparing a large batch
be modified internally (old style) to make the record of the files on the disk and changes the ofdisksforuse—say, you're planning to make
change. ,So, you can use this program to ensure name, leaving the ID intact. All of the data is a backup, or will be downloading a lot of files
that each drive on the chain shows up once— really still on the disk, but now the drive won't very shortly.
if you're short a drive, you should recheck all be aware of it and will blissfully put your new
of your tabling, power, and device number data over the old. When formal! ing a disk for Other Hints
.selection and then try again. the very first time, you must do a thorough, Disk errors arc often caused by contaminated
It could also be used as a quick method to name plus ID format. For example, if you're read/write head. Check your local Radio
test the functionality of a large supply of disk using fresh blank disks or disks previously in Shack, and you should be able to find a head
drives. It's not uncommon for an eagle-eyed use on another platform, you will need to do cleaning kit made specifically for disk drives.
Commodore user to come across a large cache the more complete format before using them These are like the head cleaning kits for video

Issue 23 27 COMMODORE WORLD

or audio tape decks, but come with :i disk older disks turn up disk errors or cause the alignment.., but be aware that there's no
instead of a tape. drive head to bang a lot. If you have this guarantee that the used drive you buy will
Not being able to read disks can also be problem, the only proper cure is to have the have proper alignment either.
caused by head alignment problems. One easy drive serviced. Von might lie tempted to just Having too many devices attached to the
way to spot this is if you're able to format, buy a second-hand drive instead, since they serial bus or leaving devices attached and
write and read new disks, while all of your canoftenbehadforlesslhanitcosistogeithc turned off can cause bus loading problems.
Any drive you have attached should be turned
on when the computer is in use, and should
have a unique device number. Not following
this advice could create problems—bad loads
BZFORHAT that result in getting Syntax Errors when trying

40 0 !'ora copyright 1998 creacivio micro ck?;; to run a program, or complete lockups of the
igns serial bus when attempting to access drives. A
164 100 prin!:chr$U47) ; "ez-foimatter "
bad serial cable can also cause similar
118 110 dv=8:nd=0
problems.
178 120 :
177 130 openlb.dv,15:closel5:ifsC=0thennd=l: Don't place your disk dri\es immediately
gocol70 next to your monitor, and also keep serial
138 140 dv=dv4l:i£dv=3lLhendv=8:ifnd=0Chenpr
cables as far away from your monitor as is
int'no devices found!"send
216 150 gotol30 possible. Monitors emit a lot of Radio
218 160 : Frequency (RF) noise into the surrounding
105 170 printchr$(147);"ez-formatter■ area, and this can be easily picked up by
215 180 printch.rS(19);chr$(17) ;chr$[17) ; • fo
nearby cables or components inside your
rnac disks in device{3 SPACES>";
107 190 printcrirS(157) ;chrS(157) ;chrS(157); disk drives.
dv;chrS(!57);-? (y/n/q) ■ To extend the life of your disk drives, make
26 200 getkS:i£kS<>Ty'andkS-:>'n"andkS<>"q"
sure they are always well-ventilated. Try not
then200
143 to stack two large drives right on lop of the
21© ifkS="i ■ ->O
117 22C ii> : ■ :id other, for example, particularly those with an
33 230 : integrated power supply (such as the 1541,
1S7 240 printiprinfenter name 116 chars ma
1541C, and 1571). The drive most prone to
x} : "
12 250 print*{2 SPACES}";:naS="":inputnaS heat troubles tends to be the 1541 with the
203 260 ifnaS="" thenna$=chr$ (int(rndU) *26) spring-loaded push door, so be particularly
+65)+chrS(int(rnd(l)*10)-4B)
cautious around those models.
227 270 iflen(na$) ■.'■■.::■: 3 I ! ■:,{•.!.:.•, 16)
83
Since good disk-iiolihers (used to enable
280 :
L37 290 princsprint entei 6 [2 charB):■ writing to the Hip side of floppies on 1541
4 300 print:" {2 SPACES} ";: i(,3$---» " : inputid$ drives) aren't in very ready supply anymore
163 310 ifid$«'"Lhenid$=chr$iint(rnd(l)*26)
(as most of the world doesn't use that style of
+ 65t-fchr$(int(rnd (11*10) -48)
205 320 iflen{idS)>2thenid$=le£L$(id$,2) disk any longer), any regular old hand paper
54 330 i£U*n(ii3$)=lthenid$ = id$+chr$(int(rn hole punch will do the [rick quite nicely.
d(l)*10)+4B) Got a "pinched" disk, where the disk sleeve
143 34W :
Is binding the disk and keeping it from rotating
182 3 50 print: print.'ready to format disk in
device" ;dv freely? If you're careful, you can cut open the
236 3 60 print"as ";na$;"> ";id$ faulty sleeve with an Xaclo knife and place the
SB 370 print:priiHi"proc:eed? (y/n/q) "
media in a different sleeve. You probably don't
214 3 80 getk$:iCk$o"i'"andk$<>"n"andk$<>llq"
then380 want to keep using a disk this way, but it
L22 390 ifk$="nHthenl70 makes a good temporary means for copying
B 400 l£]t$= "q" chenend the disk's contents.
213 410 :
Without a disk drive, it's very difficult to gel
50 42© print fomatting..."
228 '130 open] 5,dv,15 along in the world. Keep yours happy—and
23 440 c$="n0:"+na$+","+id$ make sure it's keeping you happy—and you'll
48 450 print#15,c$;:print"j2 SPACES}";
enjoy usingyourCommodore that mucfe more.
62 460 get#15,eS:printeS;:ifst<>64then460
i 16 470 closelS
24 480 ;
19 490 print:prinE"Eormat another? (y/n)■ Jason Campion is a freelance writer and
29 500 getkS:ifkS<?"y'andkS<>'n"IhenSOfl Editor ofAmiga Report, the online news
61 510 ifkS = "y'thenl70
130 520 end resourcefor CommodoreAmiga users.Jason
can be contacted via Email at
[email protected].

CDMMODOHE WOFRl-D 28 Issue 23

 CHECKSUM
Commodore World's Program Entry Checking Program
and Tips on Entering Programs from this Magazine

CHKCKSUMisaprogramthalproolTeadsyiHirlypiiigwIiniyinitnltriilistingfrcim Special Key Combinations

the magazine. It assigns a numerical value to each character thai you type, adds up As you type, you may be confused the firsttimeyousee curly braces 0. These braces
thevaluesofthe line you typed anddisplay.s the sum. {Checksum, therefore, means mean "perform the function explained within." Tor example, 122 SPACES] means
[hat it checksyour typing by summing the charactersJIl also verifies thatyou have thai you need to press the space bar 23 times, Don'l type the braces (you can't, of
typed iheeharacteisin theproper order. (Checksunnvon't tell you ifyoumtssaline course, because there are no curlybracesin the Commodore character set). Here are
ofcode entirely, soverify thai yourself.) Checksum runs "in the background" when some other common examples:
you tnx In Hum ofprogram code. Whenever you type a line and press RETURN',
Checksum "ill display a value. Compare thai value to the value published next to (CLF.AU/ilOMEl hold down the SHItT key and press the CLR-HOME key.
the line of code in the magazine. If the numbers match, you've typed the line (2 CRSR DN1 tap the cursor down key twice,
correctly. Simple. (CTRL il hold the CONTOI. key and press the I key.
(CMI)R t) hold down the COMMODORE key and press theTkey.
Typing in CHECKSUM
First, type in Checksum carefully from the listing on this page. IV sure to press Continue typing in ynurpiograin. saving often and cheektngeach checksum value
RETURN aftereveryline to enterltinto memory. Onceyou have typed thepragram, with theone In the magazine, untUyou've finished the listing. Phewt So now you're
save it. In fact, save it a few times w&ileyou're typing, just to be safe. (This is good ready to run your program, right? Not quite. First, save it. Second, deactivate
advicewheneveryou type in a program, I usiially change the name each time! save; Checksum by typbgSYS followed by 49152forihe C-64 or 3328fbrtheC-128. Now
forexample,Checksuml,Qiecksum2, and so on.) Double-check your work,making you can run. I >on't be discouraged ifyou still get inierror.lt happens. Use Checksum
sure that you've typed in everyline and thai you've preyed Kl-Tl 'RN after every line faithfully. Be patient. Be thorough. It will work eventually.
you've typed. Ifyou make errors when typing in Checksum, ;i lest run ofChecksum
will tellyou which line is incorrect. (This safely feature works only in the Checksum
program iiself.anddoes not apply to any other listings in the magazine.) Whenever CHECKSUM

you find a typing error (in any program listing), fix It, press RETL'UN to enter the
100 real cw checksum 64/128
change, save the program again and try anotherrun. Repeat this process asofttn as
HE mo=123:sa=3328
necessary, important tip: Don't get discouraged if the program won't run. Be 120 if peek(65533)<>255 then n-,c=64:sa=49152
patient. Bethoroujili.il ivill work eventually, You'll knowyour Checksum is ready 130 i=0:ck=0:ch=0:ln=300
when you sec the line: 140 for k*0 to 16
150 for j=l to IS
160 read b:if b>255 then goto 260
TO TOGGLE ON OR OFF, SYS XXXX
170 ch=ch-b;poke sa+i,b:i=i+l
ISO next j
Entering Programs Using CHECKSUM 190 read lc:if lcoch then goto 260
When you're ready to type in your firsi listing from tlie magazine, load and run 200 ch=0:ln=lntl0
Checksum. Make a note ofthe number thai Is displayed on the screen (-19152 far the 210 next y.
C-64; 3328 for the C-128).To activate and deactivate Checksum, type SYS followed 220 pokesa-110,240:po«sa-ill,38:pokesa*140,234
by thai number, then press RETURN. You need to have Checksum active whenever 230 print:hr$U47):prinfcw checksum" jstrS(iso) :print
240 print'to toggle on or off, sys';sa:if mo=128 then 270
you're typing in a listing. Checksum must lit- deactivated, however, when you run
250 pokesa>13,124:pokesa+15,165:pokesa-25,124:pokesa-26,165
the new program. Tilt next step is typing in a new program listing as il appear, in
260 pokesa+39,2O:pokesa(-41,21:pokesa.l23.205rpokesatl24,189
the magazine. 270 pokesa+4,int(sa/256):sys sa:new
As you begin, you'll notice that to the left of the start of each line is a number. 280 print"you have a data error in line";ln;"!':end
Don't type this number in: It's simply the Checksum value, Stop typing at tlie end 290 rem do not change these data statements!
of the program line and press RETURN, If you've typed the line correctly, the 300 data 120,162,24,160,13,173,<I,3,201,24,884
310 data 208,4,162,13,160,67,142,4,3,140,903
number displayed on the screen will match the Checksum value, [f the numbers
320 data 5,3,88,96,32,13,67,152,72,169,697
don'i match, you've made a mistake. Check the line carefully, make your changes
330 data 0,141,0,255,133,176,133,1B0,166,22,1206
and press RETURN. The computer won't know you've made a change unless you
340 data 164,23,134,167,132,166,170,189,6,2,1149
press RK f URN on the changed line to enter il. A few type-In hints: The Checksum 350 data 240,58,201,48,144,7,201,58,176,3,1136
does not verify blank spaces in the program lines unless they are within quotation 360 data 232,208,240,189,0,2,240,.12,20:.,32,1386
marks, because adding or omitting such spaces«ill not affect the operation of the 370 data 208,4,164,IBS,240,31,201,34,208,6,1276
program. The exception to this ishexadecimal Data statements. These are the Data 380 data 165,180,73.1,133,180.230.176,164,176,1478
390 data 165,167,24,125,0,2,133,167,165,168,1116
statements, such as this one. that don't have commas!
400 data 105.0,133,168,136,208.239.232,208,209.1638
410 data 169,42,32,210,255,165,167,69,168,170,1447
100 DATA 123-15678901234567890*123456789012345
420 data L69,0,32,50,142,169.32,32,210,255,1091
67890*12345678901234567890* 430 data 32,210,255,169,13,32,210,255,104,168,1448
440 data 96,104,170,24,32,240,255,104,168,96,1289
In statements such as these, you must have onespace between the word DATAand 450 data 56,32,240,255,138,72.152,72,24,162,1203
the numbers thai fallow. Checksum will not catch ihal error. 460 data 0,160,0,32,240,255,169,13,208,198,1280

Issue 23 29 CDMMDDDRE WORI_D

 Graphic Interpretation
Jui B iuce

GEOS: FOR, A GOOD TIME...

Time. Something we all have in equal limited number ofGEOS applications

amounts no matter what our social or will be affected by this. The Desktop
financial standing is. Time is one of Clock only displays the last two digits
OUT great constants. Every day, for in the year as does the Rle INI;O box.
every person on earth, is 24 hours A patch for llie Calendar program was
long, livery year is 365.25 days. Then1 published in Commodore World #10
is ao escaping time. You may last from and is available on the CMD web site.
January to December without new GeoYVriti' and GeoPublish will need
clothfiS or a new car, but you need a to be fixed so that the DATE function
new calendar every year. will print the proper century (like the
For some of us, time is more Calendar, only iwo bytes should need
constant than for others. To see ifyou to be changed).
are one of these people, load GEOS The real problem for GEOS users is
and lake a look at the top right corner 2K or 2 8's... Which Is The not Y2K bul Y88 as indicated by the
of the Desktop. Does your clock say Problem? C.C. users clock. GEOS stamps the
07/06/88 01:00 I'M (this is the default Every time we turn around llie.se days date and time on every (lie you create.
setting in GEOS 64 V2.0)? If it does it seems like there is someone else You can view this information by
you are definitely one of the pointing out some new angle on the opening the File Info box (highlight
Chronologically Challenged (C.C.) infamous Y2K problem. This the file and choose INFO from the
and need to pay attention to the situation will come to a head In a little FILE menu or press COMMODORH-
information in this article. If your over a year when computer systems Q) or by choosing the VIEW menu
clock says something different—good have to deal with dates in two and then the BY DATE option. To
for you, but read on anyway as you centuries. avoid the Y88 problem you must make
may discover some interesting ways Eor GEOS users the Year 2000 sure your clock is set when you boot
to handle your time. situation is not too serious. Only a GEOS.

CDW1MDDDRE WOFIL_D 30 Issue 23

 "I or <-i:OS users the Ywu- 2000 situation is not too
serious. Only a limited iiimihrr of UKOS sioplii-ations
will Ih> alftV<tf<><l..."

Tick Tock, Tick Talk boot process so we could set the date clock units produced that plugged
Having the date and time of and time. into your joystick port (with a pass-
modification associated with your ihrough connector for your mouse)
files is a fantastic help. Unless you use A Done Deal and GEOS would read the time and
a very descriptive naming convention With the new Auto-Exec files in V2.0 set the Desklop clock during the boot
on your files it would otherwise be there came a flurry of small files to process. There are alsoplansavailable
difficult to tell which file is the most ensure your clock was set. These files, if you want to build your own clock
recent one. Selling the GEOS clock is when placed on your boot disk, would unit (SmartWatch) and GEOS
not something lhal all users do, but prompt you in some way to enter the programs to access it.
everyone should. time and date. Using one of these Nowadays you can still get a clock
Early versions of GEOS made programs would ensure you didn't unit that plugs intoyourjoystickport.
forgetting about the clock easy. This suffer from the Y88 problem. But This one, however, doesn't have a
was because tliere was no clock on the which one to use? pass-through connector because it is
Desktop. Once V2.0 arrived and the 1 must admit, I tried a hunch of already a mouse. The CMD
clock.stared out at you it became easier them. 1 finally settled on a 2K file by SmarlMoiise improved on the old
to set, but you still had to remember Rick Koch called AutuClock V1.5 clock and the mouse at the same time
to set it. There are many ways to do (dated 4/1/9112:00 AM). What set by adding a third mouse button for
this—some better than others. this one apart from all of the rest was improved functionality.
For starters you can simply click on one nifty feature that it has, plus it If you are happy with your present
the clock with your input device and works in GEOS 128 also. Input device and don't want to buy a
then enter the date and lime. If you AutoCIock VJ.5saves the Date and SmarlMouse then maybe you need a
like menus and want to use two clicks Time that you enter. The next time new diskdrive or mass storage device.
to set the clock you can choose the you boot GEOS you can see when you Yes,RAMLinkandtheCMDFD-2000
SET CLOCK option under the booted it last as you set the time for 3.5" (loppy drive can both be ordered
OPTIONS menu. If either of these your new session. For I hose of us who with an optional internal clock
options aren't simple enough for you use GEOS every day ibis is not a big module (I have one in my FD). The
there is a Desk Accessory in GEOS deal, but if you are a casual user you III) Series 1 lard Drives come standard
that lets you set the lime and date may want to know. with an internal clock. All four of the
among other things. CM I) units mentioned here come with
Not only can you set the DATE and But I Don't Want To Set My handy Auto-Exec files to set the GEOS
TIME with the Preference Manager Clock! clock during the bool process with no
but you can also customize your Fine. And that is the way 1 like it too. user intervention.
mouse cursor and screen colors. Click Let's face it, we're basically lazy. That's So there it is. As a GEOS user you
the Date or Time box and enter the why we use computers. Let the are not going to be too badly affected
new values. Make sure you press machine do the work for us. Check by the Y2K problem. What we need to
RETURN prior to moving your my spelling, balance my budget, erradicate is the Y88 problem and, as
pointer as the new values will be lost calculate my taxes, set my clock (!?). you see, it is an easy one to stomp on.
if you don't. Before Auto-Exec files In keeping with the tradition of Until next lime, enGEOy your
were introduced in V2.0 customized GEOS some people earl)' on figured a Commodore!
fake input drivers were used to load way to do things and others have
the Preference Manager during the improved on that. There were some

Issue 23 31 COMMDDORE WORLD

 Carrier Detect
Qaeiytte R.. QcAiatt

TELECOMMUNICATIONS NEWS & UPDATES

Bulletin Board News perform file transfers, you can read Fidonet
Looking for BBS's to call? Dick Cunningham messages directly via web pages at http://
(oasis((C|)ipfliiRMoni) has been maintaining twww.staSBet.com/echas/content.html'Ssi.
the Commodore 64/128 BBS List (Imp:// See http://videocam. nei.au/~gavlyiu-/
www.jbrain.com/pab/cbm/faq/cbm-bbs- cbmUdv.hlml for additional info.
iisi.lxi), covering only those BBS's which are
up and running. The list is posted twice a Desterm v3 in Wide-BETA Testing
mouth tn the iomp.sys.cbin newsgroup. Matthew Desmond bos been busy, and
Another verified list contains boards that released two wide beta versions (at the time of
support Commodore computing but are run this writing) of Desterm ?3 with another
on other platform computers (http-.// update coming soon. Destcrmv3 is compatible
wvew,jbrain.cotn/pub/cbm/&q/cbm-supp-bb$-Iist.txt). with CMD devices, the Turbo-232 UART cartridge (up to 115200
baud). It supports 2 Megabytes of RAM Expansion, has RTS/CTS
Try a SuperCPU BBS (hardware) flow control, and Zmodem (receive-only at present), and
If you don't already I wive a SuperCPU. you can experience what using includes a new character set editor as well. The latest update is always
one is like by phoning a Commodore liiks and checking out the spued available from the Official Desterm 128 Web site at http;//
of the system. The following boards are run on either the C64 or C128 www.ionline.net/~mdesmond/desterm.hlinl (Files: undarl28.exe,
and operate at 20 MHz. des-302.dat). des-302.dal, des-302.da2, des-302.da3, des~302.dasf).

BBS Name Phono Number Location BBS/Network Software Dialogue 128 Freeware
Kapilal K'pers (941]-656-5613 N, Fort Myers, FL Image/CommfJet Gary Farmaner recently announced in the comp.sys.cbm newsgroup
The Mailbox (6101-834-9694 Conshohocken ,PA [mage/CommNel that his software, Dialogue 128 is now freeware. New users of
Star Base 2 (9411-748-6618 BrarJenlon. FL Color 64 Dialoguel28 should be made aware that they must use the disk side
OMNI-Worid-Germany +49-8121-971942 Gelling, Germany 0MM1 BBS that corresponds to their modem interface type (side one is for user
port modems and interfaces, while side two supports Swiftl.ink and
Fidonet BBS's on the Internet similar interfaces). Also, unless your modem has been previously set
Many people have problems finding a local Fidonet BBS thai carries with &C1 (carrier detect follows carrier) as a default, the program
the CUM Fidonet echos, but the good news is that there are Fidonet won'! allow you to din! out or send any commands. If you experience
boards thftt can be reached using telnet on the Internet. In order to either ol these problems, then while in the terminal window type three
transfer files using regular protocols during your telnet session (such plus symbols ("+++") and then press <RETURN> very quickly; this
as when using uQWK door to transfer mail), the command to start! he will place your modem into its command mode. Type AT&CI&W to
session should be in the formal of "telnet -8 bbsname". Try these BBS's change the modem's default setting for carrier detection and save it to
available via telnet: bbs.nevercndiiig.com, cerenS.niv.com, and the modem's NVRAM (Non-Volitile Random Access Memory). Yon
jnge.com. If yon have web access, but don't have a telnet client that can can get all ofthe files for Dialogue 128 at ftp://videocam.net.aiU/cbm/

COMMODORE WORLD 32 Issue 23

 ■

The New Standard in Modem Interfaces

High-Speed Support Turbo232 keeps Thtquestforfastcronlineaccesshas made33.6Kbps modems

the new standard, and it won't be long before 57.6Kbps
up with today's fastest modems,
modems move into the spotlight CMD's Turbo232 picks up
offering speeds up to 230Kbps where SwiftLink left off, helpingyou keep pace with today's
faster modems!

Easy-to-use! Just plug Turbo232 into

your computer's expansion port and
connect it to almost any external
RS-232 modem
Turbo232
SwiftLink Compatible Designed to HIGH SPEED MODEM INTERFACE

work with programs written for the

popular SwiftLink cartridge CcwfeniC l997C:ei!i« Win Deigns, inc

Easy Configuration A simple jumper

block lets you quickly change the
configuration for special situations

Null Transfers May be used as a null-

modem interface for direct transfers
with other computers

US Robotics Sportster
• 33.6Kbps Faxmodem
• Upgradable to 56Kbps
• Compatible with geoFAX
• Perfect for use with Turbo232

Turbo232 $39.95
Modem Cable $9.95
Turbo232/Novaterm 9.6 $65.00
USR Sportster 33.6Kbps Faxmodem $169.00
Turbo232/USR Sportster 33.6 $199.00
Turbo232/Sportster/Novaterm 9.6 $214.00
Note: Prim iln not mciutle shipping, Pricesandspcciftcnti
without BClke. AW rnpmnihkjtir typographical errors.
t
Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
1-800-638-3263
Dialogue_128/ (Files; [side one of program disk:] dig-sl-l.sfx, format of text files. There are three different file formats thai we
dlg-sl-2.sfx, dlg-sl-3.sfx, dlg-sl-4.sk, [side two of program disk:] commonly deal with on the net (Commodore, MS-DOS, and UNIX),
dIg-s2-l.sfHa-s2-2.sfx,dIg-s2-3.sl'x,dIg-s4-4.sfx,[dut:ummlatumt\ks:\ and having a quick utility to deal with ihe end-of-line differences
dlg-docl.sfx, dlg-doc2.$6c,d!g-doc3.sfk, dig-doe4.sfx). would relieve a lot of headaches. The latest version of John's Q.TT64
automatically detects the current format and offers a menu of
PKZIP 2.04g Unzipper conversion choices. The program can also convert ASCII files to
Someone had to do It, and Errol Smith now lias the distinction ofbeing PETASCTJ format. You'll End this program al hltp://videocam.net.au/
the first and only Commodore programmer to create a program to q!t64/{¥\lQ: qtt64v2.sfx).
unzip those pesky PKZip 2.0-lg files. This 21 block program (after it GEOS users with some net-saavy may find GeoConvert 97 very
self-extracts) even supports CMD device paths. It's essential for anyone useful. This is a German GEOS program written by Markus Kanet
who's ever had to cope with Zip files created on other platform ([email protected]) that converts GiiOS files to CBM
computers that Bill Lucier and David Schmoll's unzip programs format (and vice versa), Uucncode, and D64 files. The documentation
couldn't handle. This program also removes a major stumbling block and program messages have been translated to English by Arndt
for offline mail reading (QWKie or QWKRR) with BBS's that Dettke. You'll find this program and associated documentation at
automatically send PKZip 2.(Mg mail packets. You can Hud the program ftp://vSdeocam.aet.au/cbia/geos (Files: coav97d.sfx, coav97d-
at http://www.ros.com.au/~errol/64.htm! (Kile: un7.p6420.prg). english.txt, conv97d-msgs.txt).

QWKRR128 VS.1 Commodore Mail List Updates

The first major update for QWKIUU2B in over two years was released Nick Rossi started the Novaterm Mail List to provide Novaterm users
last year. New features include a word search utility, MIME and with a way to share comments, questions, and answers with each
UUencoded (lies can he decoded to screen, disk or printer, and you can other. To subscribe to the list send Email with a subject of "subscribe"
attach text or binary files to outgoing messages using Basef>4 (MIME) to: [email protected]
or UUencode. Messages of any size can be read, with reverse paging so Jim Brain's list services have recently grown to encompass two more
you can see previous screens of the same message. It also supports full mailing lists (SCPU and TIFCU). Among the lists available are:
2G5byle character sets, and uses keyboard tables that can be
reconfigured for non-Hnglish users. Hod Gasson says he still has a lew List Name Topic
improvements to make to the program before he considers it complete, scpu CMD's SuperCPU's. Moderated/Owned by Dick Cunningham.
and is continuing work on it. You can get the latest version from hitp:/ tifcu The Internet (or Commodore Users. Moderated/Owned by
Aideocam.net.au/qwkrr/(VWts: QWKRR5-0.TXT, QWKRR5-1.SFX, Gaelyne Gasson.
QWKRR5-2.SFX. QWKRR5-3.SFX, QWKRR5-4.SPX, QWKRR5- nGws-csc-dist comp.sys.cbm newsgroup'
5.SFX). news-ebc-dist comp.binaries.cbm newsgroup*
news-cec-dist comp.emulators.cbm newsgroup'
Graphic, Text and File Conversions chacking-dist C=Hacking Magazine (sent when new issue is available).
GoDot http://users.aol.coni/howtogodolAvelcome.him cbmfaq-dist FAQ file lor comp.sys.cbm newsgroup (senl when Ihe FAQ is
Since there is no Commodore (i4 or 128 graphical Web browser at this updated).
point, we download graphics to view them offline. This has become
much easier with the new English version of GoDol (available from 'Note: To keep list traffic to a minimum, only those who have no other access
CMD). GoDot lets us view GIF87aand GlF89a type GIF files, although to Usenet newsgroups should subscribe to these lists.
it doesn't yet handle interlaced type GIF files. The demo version of
GoDot is fully functional with these exceptions: it doesn't save or print To subscribe to any of these lists, send Email to
files. Program author Arndl Dettke {[email protected]) has [email protected]. and in the body of ihe message type:
written new loader and saver fdes for compressed Doodle and Koala
files since the English commercial version became available, and is subscribe listname Firstname Lastname nia\-!inev-per-Email(opthnial)
also considering making a module to save GIF files. Yon can obtain the
demo version of GoDot from ftp://videocain.liet.tiu/cbm/graphtcs/ Example:
GoDot/(F\les:godotdml.sfx,godotdm2.sGc,godotdm3.sfx).Thenevi
compressed Doodle and Koala loaders and savers are also available at subscribe tifcu Gaelyne Gasson 1000
this site (Files: doodleJdr, doodl&svr, koala.ldr3.nd koala.svr).
Another useful graphic utility is C2G.BIN (author unknown). It has The list name should be in lower case. If you set the max lines per
a simple name, but this little C64 utility lets us to convert Doodle. Email, the list digest will be split up into separate messages until the
Koala, Advanced Art Studio, GeoPaint (non-GEGS format) and RLE enlire digest has been sent. It this is left unspecified, thu entire digest
files to GIF format. This is extremely useful for sharing our artwork is sent. To find out what other lists are offered hyjim's list server, send
with others online and for creating graphics on our Web pages. This an Email to listserv@nuii!.jbrnin.coin with the word "lists" as the
program is available at ftp://videocam.net.au/cbm/gnphplcs/ message body.
c2g.bin. Another interesting mail service is the File Converter provided by
John Halloran saw a comment I made in one of the Fidonet echos, Aaron Baugher ([email protected]). While ihis Isn't a mailing list,
took it to heart, and created QTT 64v2. At the lime, there were no it is a useful Email service provided for Commodore users that will
stand-alone C54 programs available I hat would change the end of line convert certain types of files. The service converts .jpgfAei (a graphics

COMMODORE WORLD 34 Issue 23

file formal) into .gil'thnmi, and .zip files Into ,tar.gzformat (farthose can eret'p into monthly news reports, and should help editors when
who don't have access to the UNIX unzip program). Aaron developed Creating newsletters based on a particular theme. Each participating
the system in response to messages in GOmp.Sys.cbm, and in the editor will submit one article each month, and in return they receive
Conmiodor and T1FCU mailing lists, ;is a mean.'; to assist those who all the articles submitted by other editors during the month. Graphics,
don't have access toother means ofConverting these file types. To find special files and other items can be attached to the articles. Jim plans
out how to use this service, send Email to [email protected]/ith to include Email and Web search, as well as Other additions to the
the word "help" as the Subject. system. You'll find this service at http://www.jbraiB.com/vicag/
cnews/.
IRC Channel Update
A few Commodore IRC channels have changed IRC servers, or times Wrap Up
when they are available since we last discussed this subject back in Jim Brain's Commodore News plan relics on newsletter editors for it
Issue #17. Here's an updated list of channels, IRC servers, and when work, so il you're online but your newsletter editor isn't, perhaps you
they're open for visitors: can gel permission from your club to help out and build a few online
bridges. In fact, everything mentioned in this column relies on you to
Channel Network Day/Time make these things a success, from the BBS's that support us to
#c-64 IRCnet 24hrs a day programmers producing new software. It never hurts to let an author
#C-64 Efnet 24hrs a day (active N.American afternoon) know how much you enjoy their program, or thank a sysop for making
#c64nisc IRCnet Thursday Evenings PST their BBS available.
Sc-net Dalriet Sundays starting a! 3pm EST
SQWKRR Dalnet Thurs Evenings 9pm (N.American EST)

Online Commodore News for Newsletter Editors Gaelyne Gasson is the author of "The Internet for
This service came ahout due to a request by Dale K. Sid (.'bottom. He Commodore C64/128 Users" and can be contacted via

suggested to Jim Brain that a repository for Commodore newsletter Email tit [email protected] or visit her web site at:

articles would benefit many User Group editors who need fresh http://vidcocam.iiet.au/~gaclyiic.

material. It also helps editors avoid re-typing and scanning errors that

CPU NOW AVAILABLE

P.O. Box 1817
Shellon, WA 98584

The Commodore 128/64 Power User Newsletter

CPU is a bi-monthly publication that for two

years has kept its readers abreast of new
developments and helped those to gel more
out of [heir Investments,
-.:-..

Sample/Back Issues: $3 JO
6 Issue Subscription: $15.00 (US)
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The new operating system upgrade
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Commodore World Back Issues
Wheels M requires the following:
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CW2 Coirmodore World Issue 2 CW13 Commodore World Issue 13
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CW6 plus 54 for shipping and
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Issue 23 ■Ai, COMMODORE WORLD

 1 AT THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
WHEN PROGRAMMING
By Monk
THE65816

Programming the 6SC816 can be a real pleasure. The new instructions, once like you can with the other two BIT addressing modes (Zero I'age and
addressing modes and 16-bit capability all make life easier for the ML Absolute). However, BIT immediate provides the f>5C81ti programmer
programmer. Writing a program in '816 Native Mode almost always with a quick and easy way to test any individual bit in ihe accumulator
results in code thai is fester and smaller than the 6502 equivalent. As a without disturbing the accumulator contents. Individual bits can be tested
result, it made sense to utilize as many ofthe new features as possible when wilh the oilier HIT addressing modes only ifaneighl-bvte table is included
writing the CMD SuperCPU DOS. During the debugging process, we in the source code. For example, a (if>02 program capable of testing any
learned about some pitfalls thai can catch even the experienced 6502 accumulator bit would require ihe following code:
programmer unaware. In fact, experienced 6502ML programmers may be
more susceptible to some of the things we'll cover in this article. As we BIT BITO

found out. knowing the (S502 inside and out can lead the programmer to
make- certain incorrect assumptions about the operation ofihe65C8I6. In BITO .BYT %00000001
this article we will cover some of the things that programmers need to BIT1 .BYT %0000001C
beware of as they enter the domain ofthe 65C816. BIT2 .BYT %0000010C
BIT3 .BYT %0000100C
BIT Immediate BIT4 .BYT %0001000C
At first glance, this new addressing mode for the BIT instruction seems BIT5 .BYT %0010000C
pretty exciting. Our first thought was: great! now we can easily check the BIT6 .BYT %0100000C
status of'ISus7&»i in the accumulator as wellasa third bit with a simple and BIT7 .BYT %10QOOOOC

quick 2-cycle instruction. The example below should testBits 7,6 and 0(we
thought): Ofcnurse, incluiiinganS-byle table is nut a large penally to pay. but if I hi'
table is located above zero page, each HIT absolute takes 'I cycles to
BIT #%OD000001 execute—twiceas longas the (i5C816BlTImmediale instruction. Execution
timecanbecut to 3 cycles by locating the table in Zero Page, but thiswasles
We assumed thai the new BIT Immediate addressing mode would work valuable Zero Page resources.
exactly like the other BITaddressing modes carried overfrom the 6502 (BIT There is cine more thing to remember about ihe KIT instruction on the
Zero Pageant! BIT Absolute). In oilier words, as a result ofexecuting a BIT 65C816in Native mode: II you are using 16-bit accumulator/memory, then
Immediate insl ruction, the Negative (minus) flagshould be set IfBit 7 ofthe BIT Zero Page and BITAbsolute test bits 15 and 14 ol the operand memory
accumulator is a 1 and the Overflow Hag should be sel if Bit fi is a 1. In location (Bit 15 affects tile Negative flag; Bil M affects the Overflow).
addition, the Zero flag should be set or cleared according to the result of a Because 18-bit memory accesses are organized in high-byte - low-byte
logical ANP between the conlcnls of the accumulator and the operand. In order, Bits 15 and 14 are located at Bits 7 and ri in the first byte of the
the example above, the Zero (lag would be set ifBit Ooftheaccumulator was memory location. As a result, the following BIT Absolute instruction sets
a (land cleared il Bit Owasa 1. Without checking the fi5C"8 Hi programmers both the Negative and Overflow flags in both 8 and 16 bit modes::
reference, we went ahead am! used the HIT Immediate instruction in our
programs. After some fruitless debugging lime and head scratching, we BIT DATA
decided to check the reference guide just in case something worked
differently with the new addressing mode. Surprise! There isa difference DATA .BYT 411000000
with BIT Immediate factually two differences): .BYT %00000000

1. HIT Immediate does not sel the Overflow flag according to Bit (i of the If you are testing bits in Ihe accumulator with BIT Immediate in 16-bit
accumulator (Overflow remains unchanged). modi1, yon must remember louse a 16-bit operand. Bits 0-7 are located in
2. HIT Immediate does not sel the Negative flag according to Hit 7 of the the .A register; Bits 8-15 are located in the .11 register. The following
accumulator (the Negative flag remains unchanged). example tests Bi! 12 of the 16-bit accumulator (Bit 4 of the ,B register):

In other words, only the Zero (lag is affected after a Hl'I Immediate is bit noooioooooooooooo
executed—you cannot use a ill FImmediate instruction to test three bits at

COMMODORE WORLD 36 Issue 23

The STZ Instruction Absolute Indexed Addressing
STZ isoneof the most useful new(J5C816 instructions. It allows you to clear Por the most part, this 6SC816 addressing mode works identically to the
a memory location without first loading the accumulator with 0, which way it does on the 6502. There is one case, however, that can cause
provides many benefits fur the machine-language programmer. The first problems ifthe65C816 programmer^ not aware of it. We discovered this
and most obvious advantage of using STZ Is that the contents of the difference while trying to find the reason why a certain demo program
accumulator is left untouched. In a worst-case scenario, the following 6502 written for the C64 would not run on the SuperCPU.Wefirst searched for
code is required when a memory location must be cleared while retaining unimpleinenled 6502 opcodes (always guaranteed to cause the '816 to
the contents of the accumulator: choke), but found none. Wealso tried running the demo at IMllz—again,
no hick. However, n 'snapshot' copy of the program would run on the
PHA ;SAVE .A ON STACK SuperCTU. This led us to check the program's initialization routine. The
LDA #$00 ;LOAD .A WITH 00 only unusual lliiug was this routine that sets up the interrupt vectors and
STA LOCATION ;CLEAR THE MEMORY LOCATION some Zero Page locations:
PLA ;RESTORE .A

ft $00 ;INIT X
The same thing can be achieved on the 65C816 by using a single STZ LDA TABLE, X ;LOAD .A WITH VALUE
instruction: STA SFFFA, X ;STORE TO MEMORY USING

;ABSOLUTE INDEXED X ADDR

STZ LOCATION ;CLEAR THE MEMORY LOCATION '..■ ;INCREMENT .X
CPX #$10 ;FILLS SFFFA - $0009
These examples make clear the other advantages of STZ—smaller code BNE -
;BRANCH NOT DONE
sizeand speed. Assuming thememory location resides above zero page, the
6502 example requires 7 bytes of code space, while STZ requires only ,'i— After looking closely, we realized that the STA SIWA.X instruction
taking up less than half the space. Even ifthe accumulator contents did not 'wrapped around' toaddressSOOOO after the .X register had incremented to
have to be saved, thus eliminating PHA and PLA, 5 bytes would still be fi . This was the programmer's intention of course—he was saving code
required in the 6502 example. The advantage in speed is even greater, with space by using a single loop to set the interrupt vectors and some locations
the 6502 code requiring L3 cycles to execute compared to only 4 cycles for in zero page. Could this routine somehowbe the problem on theSuperCPU?
the STZ instruction on the 65C816 (a speed increase of over 3x). After son is testing, we found the answer wasyes. Ifwc split the routine into
Ifa lfci-bit memory location is to be cleared, the contest becomes even two parts so that it did not wrap around, the program worked fine on the
more lopsided, requiring the following (S502 code: StiperCPU. The reason had finally become clear—even while in 6502
emulation mode, the 65C816indexesintothenextbankinsteadofwrapping
PKA ;SAVE .ft ON STACK around when Absolute Indexed addressing is used. In other words, the
LDA #500 ;LOAD .A WITH 00 65C816 lilleii the address range $010000-S010009 Instead of $000000-
STA LOCATION ;CLEAR THE HIGH BYTE SOOOOOSl when the code given in the example above was executed.
STA LOCATION+1 ;CLEAR THE LOW BYTE

PLA ;RESTORE .A Read-Modify-Write Instructions

Here's another issue that can cause trouble ior the experienced C64 ML
Assuming the 65C816 is in 16-bit memory/accumulator mode, the same programmer. A favorite trickofC64 demo coders isto usea single instruction
thing can again he achieved by a single STZ instruction: like LSR SD019 to clear the VIC IRQ. Almost all demo coders use this
shortcut, although perhaps onlyafew know why it works. Yousee, in order
STZ LOCATION ;CLEAR THE 16-BIT LOCATION to clear the VIC IRQ, aTmust be written to the correct bit in the interrupt
status register at $D019. At first glance, it would seem that LSR JD019
In this comparison, the 6502 code takes up 10 bytes of space and 17 would probably never clear the correct bit. Logic dictates that a two-
cycles of execution time (again assuming the memory location resides instruction sequence would be needed. For example, LDA SD019 followed
above zero page). The 16-bit STZ on the other hand still lakes up only 3 bySTASD019.
bytes of space and executes in just 5 cycles. So why does LSR SD019 work? Because the 6502 actually writes to the
All in all. STZ isa great instruction forsavingtime and code space. There target address I ii/ie during the instruction! During I he first write cycle the
are. however, a few tilings to he aware of: (ifit)2 writes an SIT to the target address. The tinal value is not written until
the second write cycle. Demo coders exploit this little known fact by using
1. STZ has only four addressing modes available: Direct (Zero) Page. the first write cycle to clear the VIC interrupt (writing IFF loSDOIOwill
Absolute. Direct Indexed with X. and Absolute Indexed with X. This clear all VIC interrupt sources).The invalid $Hh' write cycle is somethingall
limits the use of this instruction to locations in Bank 0 (Bank 1 is also 6502 programmers should be aware of when addressing any hardware
accessible through the use of Absolute Indexed with X addressing}. register with a Kead-Modity-Write instruction.
In Emulation mode, the 65C816 executes the invalid write cyclejust like
2. Experienced fi5O2 programmers beware! Unlike all other 6502/ the 6502. In Native mode however, the designers of the '816 decided to
65C816 instructions that store data to memory (i.e. STA, STX, etc.), makean improvement and eliminate this cycle. As a result, 6502programs
STZ AFFECTS THE PROCESSOR STATUS REGISTER. Executing a that usea Reail-Modiiy-VVriteinstructiou to accessa hardware register may
STZ instruction always clears the Negative Flag and sets the Zero not work on the li5C816 in Native Mode.
Flag.

issue 23 37 COMMODORE WORLD

 Over The Edge

COMMODORE PROGRAMMING
INASUPER.CPUWORLD

You own a SuperCPU and you've written a process. I also smartcned-up the BASIC SuperCPU engaged. Which program would
complicated program thai runs "jusi right" in counterpart, making its job less recursive and you rather write? Which would you rather
20 MHz mode. Now you want to upload your at least six times faster. 1 was guilty efwriting use?
program to everyone on the Internet or sell il "passable" code for my SuperCPU. I have already proven this to myself. Last
to a company like Loadstar. I say that perhaps A program that's passable on a SuperCPU year I wrote a BASIC program that scanned
you should try your program in I MHz mode gels a failing grade on a stock C-64. Now thai for articles in an issue of C"Hackltlg,
first, pine tune it until It's at least passable at I have been conscientious toward 1 MHz separating them off into smaller files that a
the stock C-n'4 speed before you call it finished. users, my program is even better for C-64 could handle. This particular issue of
1 can assure you that "just right" in 20 MHz SuperCPU users, because you enjoy the C=tfaduu»wasioolargeiofitona 1541 disk.
mode is way too slow in 1 MHz mode—and efficiency increase in both modes. Anyone I wanted my program lo scan the files for
loo slow is too bad for any program. programming for the public should try out article names and then save the articles, using
While develop ing 21st century Commodore I heir program in the slow' mode. If we don't do the article title as a filename. Compiled, it
programs for our SoperCPUs, we should keep this, we may Inadvertently kill the C-64 while took an incredibly long lime to separate the
in mind that there are many Commodore users it's down by alienating everyone but the files, even with tin.1 SuperCPU engaged.
who still appreciate efficient conscientious SuperCPU crowd. Incredulous, 1 stopped the program and
coding. Programmers all over C-64 land are talking rewrote it so that it also echoed to the screen
Judi, while testing legalBeagle Illlasi week, about how the SuperCPU will change how they to show its progress. It was going through the
came into my office to tell me that it had will program in the future. A number of people file al a pace slow enough to read as il scrolled
crashed while formatting text. Much of the whom 1 respect have made incredible by. I was doing this on my hard drive with
program was written in BASIC. bu( the BASIC statements (hat they will probably not parallel access. The turbo light was pretty
part seemed fine witli the SuperCPU engaged. program in machine language so much much on all the time, but there was a slight
When we returned to her office, we saw that anymore—that they will begin writing flicker. I knew that some small fraction of the
the program was still operating and hadn't programs in BASIC and then compile them. work time was being performed at 1 MHz.
locked up. Unfortunately, it can SO ridiculously After all, compiling a BASIC program makes it Figuring I could save a lot of lime. 1 copied
slow at 1 MHz that Judl though! it had locked run 5-30 limes faster. Couple that with a the hacking file to my KAMI.ink and had the
up. Ten or so seconds for me translated into SuperCPU and it's running 100 lo (iOO limes SuperCPU work on it there. Now the Turbo
minutes for her. Garbage collection that I had raster than in BASIC on astockC-ti4. light was on 100% of the time. Still, I was
never even noticed before was obvious at the Rut a 100% machine language version might disappointed. Il was taking forever.
slower clock speed. run 500 to 1000 times faster than a BASIC I allowed the program to sort the articles on
At that, I went back to rny office and in three version on a stock 64 and even 10,000 to 20,000 a spare C-64 and a 1581 while I re-wrote the
minutes wrote an MI, routine! hat sped up the limes faster than stock BASIC witli the program, line-by-line, in machine language

COMMODORE WDRLD 38 Issue 23

 "A program (hill's p;iss;il»lr on a
a lailin^ »r;nh> on a stock C-64.., Anyone
programming i'or Mm- public- should try oni llioir
program in tin* slow mode."

(using the BASIC predecessor as a guide). This of Loadstar— in compiled BASIC, with only a Fortunately we have memory restrictions
program wasn't as efficient as it would have little ML for the scrolling window. It's "okay" that keep us from using all-inclusive libraries
been had I written it from scratch instead of for jotting a note to us, but not for serious that make our final program so large that we
manually compiling it into machine language. applications. With the SuperCPU it seems to need megabytes to fit them in memory.
The moment i typed SYS49152,1 saw the handle any amount of text in its buffer as if However, we are still vulnerable to a quantum
first filename being saved on the destination weightless. As a matter of tact. 1 don't even shift toward less efficient programs.
disk—thenthesecond, the third, and a minute need ML to scroll the screen re-printing... the Undoubtedly these slower programs will have
or two later it was finished! This same whole screen works fine for a compiled a larger scope, but I implore all programmers
algorithm separated the issue into smaller files program. Hut without the SuperCPU, you see out there to make their programs as fast as
in about the lime it would laky the huilt-in the unprofessional inchworm effect. possible. These slower programs will be decent
JiffyDOS file copier to copy the file—with or If I assumed that everyone who used it on SuperCPUs, but will be ridiculously slow
without SuperCPUl This was somewhere owned a SnperCPU, 1 could easily add all sorts on a stock unit. Any sort of file utility must be
around twenty blocks per second. The of ambitious word processor features to it. written in machine language for it not to seem
compiled BASIC program took at least half an People with SuperCPUs would appreciate the a complete joke.
houronaJiffyDOS-equippcd 1581. Mind you. features. People without il would call the In closing, there is certainly a place for
all of Loadstar's systems are JiffyDOS program clunky for overreaching its scope. compiled code in the future. I am in fact writing
equipped. I can only imagine the agony if I Too slow is bad for an;1 program. In contrast a very complicated program that (ouch)
tried the compiled program on an BOO-block to Feedback Machine, The Write Stuffis fine compiles toolbox commands info pure
file without jiflyDOS. Without a SuperCPU for short letters as well as 100-block machine language. I'm writing it in BASIC
and a KAMI,ink, the Ml. program could get applications—with or without a SuperCPU— because it's so intricate, and will I will compile
the job done in maybe a minute or two with because it was written in 100% Machine it when it's done. I will not, however, allow my
JiffyDOS. Clearly, even the most optimized Language. WitIi tiie SuperCPU, it's truly compiler to take more than a few moments to
compiled ISASIC at 20 Ml h. can't hold a candle marvelous. compile a program of only a few blocks. Right
to machine language at 1 Mil/. Anyone who lias written stories with now, in BASIC, it takes minutes to compile a
Yon might ask how we lose when a veteran Speedsctipt or The Write Stuff knows that three-block program. Compiled, the process
programmer hangs up his assembler and once you get around 811 blocks, you don't want isn't much faster. Adding machine language
writes perhaps more elaborate programs in to type anything up near the top of the to the parsing and disk access routines will
BASIC. Well however you look al il, document. Bach inserted character takes easily make my next project just what I want
abandoning ML for the pseudocode of most nearly a second to show up. It becomes very and need.
Commodore compilers is a net loss— easy for a good typist to type ahead of the Now is the time to lake a cue from our demo-
especially for the people without SuperCPUs. keyboard buffer. With theSuperCPU engaged, coding friends. These are people who strive to
When you think about il. the ML programmer you notice no delays, and the text seems write fast, tight code. 1 want to see incredibly
who switches to BASIC or compiled BASIC weightless right down to the last byte. If the fast programs running on .SuperCPUs. 1 want
because oflhe added speed oi theSuperCl'U is program were written in compiled BASIC, this to see people striving to gel their subroutines
offering a product that runs 1(10 or so times marvelous weightlessness would be lost—even down below one millionth ofa second, instead
slower than the MI. version in the hopes of in 20 Mil/ mode. ol settling for a thousandth ofa second. In a
having the program rim 20 times faster on the While it's true that programs seem to fly complicated loop, a thousandth of a second
SuperCPU. with the SuperCPU engaged, that's no reason adds up to seconds of waiting time very
Imagine if Eric Lee decided that his next to abandon all the efficient programming quickly. If we strive for the same efficiency
incarnation ofHeWrfteSftiffcouId be written practices that a LMHz t>4K computer has that Commodore users are accustomed to, we
in compiled BASIC. It would probably seem forced us to adhere to all these years. Ignoring will not only keep the stock users happy; we'll
fast enough for most short letters without this warning will spiral Commodore 64 Write extremely impressive code for the
machine language. I know because I wrote programs into the abyss of mediocrity that SuperCPU.
Feedback Machine—-published on every issue Windows has suffered from.

Issue 23 39 CDMMDDDRE WORLD

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