Scribd
Upload
98 views

Chapter 4: Non-Linear Functions 4.1 Quadratic, Cubic and Other Polynomial Functions

This document provides an overview of non-linear functions covered in an economics class, including quadratic, cubic, exponential, logarithmic, and hyperbolic functions. It defines the key characteristics and formulas for each type of function, such as the formulas for solving quadratic and cubic equations. It also describes how to graph and manipulate exponential and logarithmic functions, including how to add, subtract, and change the base of logarithmic expressions. The document concludes with a brief section on hyperbolic functions and instructions to review the chapter summary after class.

Uploaded by

Katherine Sauer
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
98 views

Chapter 4: Non-Linear Functions 4.1 Quadratic, Cubic and Other Polynomial Functions

This document provides an overview of non-linear functions covered in an economics class, including quadratic, cubic, exponential, logarithmic, and hyperbolic functions. It defines the key characteristics and formulas for each type of function, such as the formulas for solving quadratic and cubic equations. It also describes how to graph and manipulate exponential and logarithmic functions, including how to add, subtract, and change the base of logarithmic expressions. The document concludes with a brief section on hyperbolic functions and instructions to review the chapter summary after class.

Uploaded by

Katherine Sauer
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Reading Notes

Economics Dr. Sauer

Chapter 4: Non-Linear Functions 4.1 Quadratic, Cubic and Other Polynomial Functions Commonly, the Total Revenue function has a shape of: Commonly, the Total Cost function has a shape of:

4.1.1 Solving a Quadratic Equation When the quadratic takes the form of

, then its solution is given by:

There are 3 possible types of solutions to a quadratic equation: 4.1.2 Graphs of Quadratic Functions These are represented graphically as follows: -

When sketching the graph of a quadratic equation, To find the vertical axis intercept: To find the horizontal axis intercept(s):

4.1.3 Quadratic Functions in Economics Supply and Demand:

Total Revenue for a Monopolist:

4.1.4 Cubic Functions The general expression for a cubic function is:

What is the general formula used to solve a cubic function?

What are the general properties of cubic equations?

4.2 Exponential Functions 4.2.1 Definition and Graphs The general form of the exponential function is: The number e The letter e represents what? The value of e taken to 4 decimal points is __________________. Graphs of exponential functions Re-create the graphs from figure 4.16 here.

Properties of exponential functions - all curves are _______________________ and pass through the points x = ___ and y = ___. - when the index is positive and the base is greater than 1, the curves are ________________ as x increases and are called growth curves - when the index is negative and the base is greater than 1, the curves are _______________ as x increases and are called decay curves - exponentials with larger bases increase ___________________ for x > 0 and decrease ____________ _________ for x < 0. - the graphs for y = ax and y = a-x are always _____________ the x-axis, therefore the value of y is always _________________ -the graphs for y = -ax and y = -a-x are always _____________ the x-axis, therefore the value of y is always _________________ -the x-axis is a _______________________ asymptote Rules for using exponential functions 2

4.2.2 Solving Exponential Equations Well work through in class. 4.2.3 Applications Unlimited Growth

Limited Growth

Logistic Growth

4.3 Logarithmic Functions 4.3.1 The Log of a Number What is the method for finding the log of a number?

The 3 general steps for using logs to solve exponential equations are: 4.3.2 Graphs and properties of logarithmic functions - there are no logs of ____________________ numbers - logs of numbers between 0 and 1 are _______________ - logs of numbers greater than 1 are _______________ - log (1) = ___ for any base - the graph of ln (x) increases and decreases faster than log (x) 4.3.3 Rules for logs How to add logs: How to subtract logs: How to take the log of an exponential: How to change the base: 4.3.4 Solving Equations Well cover in class. 3

4.4 Hyperbolic Functions of the Form a/(bx + c) The main features of this type of function are: - the graph has a ___________________ asymptote at the value of x that results in division by ____ - the x-axis is a __________________ asymptote - the graph has no _________________________________________ values - the curve ______________________ smoothly at an increasing rate or ___________________ smoothly at a decreasing rate 4.5 Excel Skip this section.

4.6 Summary After we work through this chapter in class, review this section and write any notes here.

You might also like