LABORATORY MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH

COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I SEMESTER: SUMMER 2012

PREPARED BY

KHAIRUL ALAM, PhD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF EEE EAST WEST UNIVERSITY

LAB RULES CONDUCT 1. The students should come to class on time. No student will be graded if he/she is late by 20 minutes or above in the lab. 2. Mobile phones must be switched to off, silence, or vibration mode in the laboratory. 3. Normally no make-up lab is allowed for a missed experiment. A make-up may be permitted only in special circumstances where compelling reasons have to show up with an application. PRELAB The students must complete the design part (prelab) one in a group before they come to the laboratory. First design or complete the prelab (if any), show it to the designated TA for any correction. Complete the correction (if any) and have the final design copy approved by TA. Any group who will not have the approved design copy will not be allowed in the laboratory. REPORTS The lab-reports are due a week after performing the experiments (in the next lab). The students must submit the report on the next lab. Reports submitted on the same day after lab will be graded in 8 (not 10). Reports submitted on the next day will be graded in 5 (not 10). Reports submitted after the next day of the lab will not be graded. The lab-reports should be computer-composed and the graphs should be plotted using suitable software (e.g., MATLAB). MS-EXCEL plots are not acceptable. The lab-reports should contain the following. a) Top sheet containing Course number, name and number of the experiment, student name and ID, group number and date of performance (0.5 point will be deducted if any of these information is missing from the top sheet) b) Objective of the experiment [0.5] c) Circuit diagrams [1] d) Experimental data [1.5] e) Answers to lab-report questions given in the lab-sheet [7] The students may not copy lab-reports from each other. Copied reports will not be given any credit and the concerned students may face disciplinary actions. GRADING The grade in the lab will be based on the following components. a) Prelab or design b) Lab report grades c) Lab performance d) Lab test

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 01

I-V Characteristics and modeling of forward conduction of a Diode

OBJECTIVE In this experiment, we will measure the I-V characteristics and determine the large and small signal models of forward conduction of a p-n junction diode. BACKGROUND Diode is one of the most basic non-linear electronic devices. An ideal diode acts like a one way valve for electric current, acting as a short circuit for current flow in one direction (forward bias connection) while behaving as an open circuit for current flow in the opposite direction (reverse bias connection). The characteristics of practical diodes are however somewhat different from those of ideal ones. The p-n junction diodes are one of the most popular types of diodes used in the industry. The forward bias current-voltage characteristic of a p-n junction diode will be measured in this experiment. The reverse bias I-V characteristic requires the diode to operate in the break down region. This is a destructive test and will not be performed in the laboratory. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. Diode (1 pc) 2. Resistor (1K) 3. Digital multimeter FORWARD BIAS I-V MEASUREMENT To measure the I-V characteristic of diode in forward bias mode, follow the following steps exactly. 1. Measure the resistance value of Fig. 1 with the multimeter and write it down in K. 2. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1. Use the DC power supply unit for variable source. 3. Change the DC source and measure the values of VD and VR. Continue measurement until VD reaches to around 0.68 volts. Take around 25 to 30 readings by increasing the DC power supply with an increment of 0.5 V. 4. Divide VR by the measured value of resistance in K. This is diode current ID in mA. 5. A sample copy of the data table is shown below. In the data sheet, you do not need to record the DC power supply voltage. After measurement, make a fresh copy of the data sheet and have it signed by the instructor. VD (volt) VR (volt) ID (mA) = VR/R(K)

Fig. 1: Circuit set up to measure forward bias I-V characteristics of a diode ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. Use suitable software to plot the I-V characteristics of the p-n junction diode in forward conduction. Label the axes appropriately and have it printed. Hand-sketched graph is not acceptable. 2. Use pencil to identify the points on your graph that are corresponding to ID = 2 mA and ID = 2.5 mA. Use these data points to calculate the diode parameters I S and n from the equation 3. 4. 5. 6.

I D = I S exp[VD / nVT ] . Use VT = 0.0259V. Determine the cut-in/built-in voltage VDO from the printed graph (experimental data) by drawing extrapolated line with pencil. Get the diode voltage VD from your graph at ID = 2 mA and calculate the diode resistance of piecewise linear model from VD = VDO + I D rD . Use the diode parameter n calculated in question 2 to determine the diode small signal resistance rd = nVT / I D at ID = 2 mA. Tabulate the values of rD and rd and make a comment. Simulate the circuit of Fig. 1 for a DC bias range of 0-5 volts using PSpice. Print the generated output by PSpice and attach it with your report. For simulation, use the DC SWEEP option of PSpice and the diode D1N4148. To modify the diode parameters, select the diode (it will turn red) and go to Edit Model Edit Instance Model (Text). There, replace the values of Is, N, Vj by your values calculated in steps 2 and 3 and click OK.

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 02

Study of Diode Rectifier Circuits

OBJECTIVE In this experiment, both the half wave and full wave (bridge) rectifier circuits of diode will be studied. The effect of a capacitor filter on the output will be investigated. THEORY A rectifier circuit converts an AC voltage with zero average into a unidirectional voltage with a non-zero average. The rectifier circuit can rectify two cycles (full wave rectifier) or one cycle (half wave rectifier) of a period of the sine wave. The bridge rectifier is the most popular type of full-wave diode rectifier circuit. This circuit involves four diodes connected in a bridge type configuration. A capacitor connected across the load resistor acts as a filter and reduces the ripple of the output voltage. The time constant of the RC network should be much larger than the period of the AC source voltage for effective filtering. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. Diode (4 pcs). 2. Resistor (1K). 3. Capacitor (1F and 10F). 4. Digital Multimeter. HALF WAVE DIODE RECTIFIER PRELAB: Design of a half wave rectifier (AC to DC converter) circuit. Consider the half wave rectifier circuit shown in Fig. 1. It is fed by a 1.0 KHz sinusoid having a peak value of 5V. Design the circuit (value of shunted C) so that the output will have a peak-to-peak ripple of 0.5V. With the designed shunted capacitance, calculate the fraction of the cycle during which the diode will conduct and the average and peak values of the diode current. EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps exactly 1. Measure the resistance. Setup the circuit shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1: Set up for a half wave diode rectifier circuit

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2. Setup a 10 volts peak-to-peak, 1 KHz sine wave signal from the signal generator and observe it in channel-1 of the oscilloscope. 3. Give input to the circuit and observe the output in channel-2 of the oscilloscope. 4. Observe both the input (in channel-1) and the output (in channel-2) signals by setting dual mode in the oscilloscope. 5. Measure the peak values of the input, VIP, and output, VOP, signals and write them down. 6. Connect the capacitor from your design in prelab in parallel with the resistance and observe the output only in DC mode of oscilloscope. Measure the lower, VLP, and upper, VUP, peak values. 7. Measure the charging time, t, of the capacitor in a period. 8. Measure the average value of output voltage (VO) using the DC mode of the multimeter. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. Calculate Vp = VIP VOP and compare it with the built-in voltage of experiment 01. 2. Compare your measured t with your prelab value and make a comment. 2 3. Calculate the peak-to-peak ripple voltage from Vr = V p (t ) / 2 and compare it with your measured data Vr = VUP VLP and prelab data and make a comment. 4. Calculate the average output voltage from VO = VOP Vr / 2 and compare it with the measurement. 5. With I L = VO / R , calculate the average and maximum diode currents using the measured value of Vr and compare with your prelab values and make a comment. FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER For the full wave bridge rectifier circuit, follow the following steps exactly.

Fig 2: Set up for a full wave bridge rectifier circuit 1. From the signal generator, setup a 10 volts peak-to-peak, 1 KHz sine wave signal. Observe it in the oscilloscope and write down the peak value. (You should already have it set up) 2. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2 and observe the output in channel-1 of the oscilloscope. Do not even try to see both the input and output at the same time in dual mode of the oscilloscope. This will short two nodes of the circuit and you will not be able to see the output.
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3. 4. 5. 6.

Measure the peak value of the output signal and write it down. Measure the time during which the output signal remains zero and write it down. Use multimeter to measure the DC value of the output signal and write it down. Connect a 1 F capacitor across the resistor. Observe the output in oscilloscope and measure the DC value of output using multimeter. 7. Connect a 10 F capacitor across the resistor. Observe the output in oscilloscope and measure the DC value of output using multimeter.

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. Compare the measured peak value of the output signal to Vp-2VDO, where VDO is the cut-in voltage obtained in experiment 01. Explain why a factor of 2 appears before VDO. 2. Which diodes do conduct in the positive half cycle of the input and which in the negative half cycle of the input of the full wave bridge rectifier circuit shown in Fig. 2? 3. Calculate the ripple factor of the bridge rectifier circuit in all three cases, no capacitance, C = 1

Vp F, and C = 10 F. The formula for ripple factor is = V 1 . Here Vdc is the dc value and dc V p is the peak value of the output signal that you have measured. 4. The conversion efficiency of a rectifier circuit is defined as the ratio of output dc power to the 2 input ac power. The output dc power can be obtained from Pdc = Vdc / RL and the ac input power
the conversion efficiency = (Pdc / Pac ) 100% for the three cases. 5. Calculate the average (dc) value of an ideal full wave rectifier signal (you did it in EEE 201) and then find the maximum theoretical conversion efficiency. 6. Simulate the bridge rectifier circuit in PSPICE for C = 1 F and submit the input and output plots (on same graph). Use transient analysis of PSPICE for 4 cycles of input (4 ms). Modify the diode parameters following the same procedure and the same parameters values used in experiment 1. can be calculated from Pac = V p2 / 2 R L . Here V p is the peak value of the input signal. Calculate

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 03

OpStudy of 741 Op-Amp as Amplifier and Adder

OBJECTIVE In this experiment the students will be familiar with the 741 Op-Amp Integrated Circuit (IC), and study its application as an amplifier and an adder. THEORY Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is a differential amplifier and can perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, etc. This is an integrated circuit (IC). In this experiment, we will be familiar with the 741 Op-Amp and study its applications as an amplifier and an adder. A non inverting amplifier produces the amplified output equal to the input multiplied by the closed loop gain, which is determined by the appropriate resistances. The Op-Amp acts as an adder when the non-inverting input terminal is grounded and two or more signals are fed to the inverting input via resistors of appropriate values. The output becomes negative of the sum of the input signals. THE 741 Op-Amp The block diagram of the 741 Op-Amp is shown in Fig. 01. It has 8 pins (legs). To identify the pins of the 741 Op-Amp in the laboratory, place the Op-Amp on the trainer board in such a way that the notch is in your left side. Then the pin number should be identified as shown in Fig. 01.

Fig. 01: Block diagram of the 741 Op-Amp The names of different pins are as follows 1 offset null (usually not used) 2 inverting input terminal 3 non-inverting input terminal 4 negative DC power supply (usually 5-15V negative) 5 offset null (usually not used) 6 output terminal 7 positive DC power supply (usually 5-15V positive) 8 not connected (NC) REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. 741 Op-Amp (1 pc) 2. Resistors (as required) 3. Digital trainer board 4. Multimeter and connecting wires
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NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER PRELAB: A non inverting amplifier circuit implemented using the 741 Op-Amp is shown in Fig. 02. Design the amplifier (value of the resistances) so that the closed loop gain VO/VI = 5. The available set of resistance that you can use is: 1K, 1.2K, 1.5K, 1.8K, 2.2K, 3.3K, 4.7K, 5.6K, 6.8K, 8.2K, and 10K. With your design, set VI = 1V and calculate the voltages at nodes A, B, C, and D. Also, calculate the currents through the resistances R1, R2, RA, and RB and the input impedance ZI. In your design, if exact value of resistance is not available, choose the nearest one. EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps 1. Collect the resistances of your design from the lab assistant and measure them and write them down. 2. Set up the circuit using the resistances from your prelab design. Use a +15V DC power supply to terminal 7 and -15V DC power supply to terminal 4 of the Op-Amp from the digital trainer board. 3. Set VI = 1V from the DC power supply. 4. Measure the voltages at nodes A, B, C, and D using multimeter and write them down. 5. Measure the voltages across resistances R1, R2, RA, and RB and write them down.

Fig. 02: A non inverting amplifier using 741 Op-Amp ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. 2. 3. 4. Compare the measured voltages at nodes A, B, C, and D with your prelab results. From your measured voltages at nodes B and C, comment on the virtual ground of Op-Amp. From your measured voltage at nodes A and D, calculate the gain and verify with prelab result. From the measured voltages across the resistances, calculate the currents through them and compare them with your prelab results. 5. From your measured voltages at node A and across RA, calculate ZI and compare it with your prelab result.

ADDER CIRCUIT PRELAB: With the resistance set mentioned earlier, design the adder circuit shown in Fig. 03 so that it implements the function VO = -(V1+2V2). In your design, if exact value of resistance is not available, choose the nearest one.
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Rf R2
2 7 6 3 4

V2

V1

R1

Fig. 03: An adder circuit using 741 Op-Amp EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps. 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 03 with the resistance values from your prelab design. Use a +15V DC power supply to terminal 7 and -15V DC power supply to terminal 4 of the Op-Amp from the digital trainer board. 2. Use 5V from digital trainer board as V1 and 2V from DC power supply unit as V2. Measure the output using multimeter and write it down. 3. Replace the V1 by a 5V peak to peak 1 KHZ sine wave from the signal generator and observe the output in channel-2 in DC mode. Invert channel-2 and write the amplitude. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. From the measurement in step 2, verify your design. 2. Does the amplitude measured in step 3 verify your design? Explain. 3. Simulate the circuit shown in Fig. 03 in Pspice. Use V1 a 5V peak to peak, 1KHZ, 00 phase sine wave and V2 a 5V peak to peak, 1KHZ, 900 phase sine wave. Perform simulation for 4 cycles (transient analysis for 4 ms) and attach the printed output with your report. 4. Write the expressions of V1 and V2 of Q3 in phasor domain, add them, and write the result in time domain as a sine function. Compare it with the Pspice output in terms of amplitude, phase angle, and time period.

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ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 04

OpSignal Integration and Differentiation Using 741 Op-Amp

OBJECTIVE In this experiment we will study the responses of Op-Amp integrator and differentiator to sinusoids, square, and triangular waveforms. THEORY Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is a differential amplifier and can perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, integration, differentiation, etc. In the previous experiment (experiment 4), we use the Op-Amp together with the resistors only to study amplifier and adder circuits. In this experiment, we will study integrator and differentiator circuits by using a capacitor either in the feedback path or in the input path. Using capacitor, we actually open the door to a wide range of useful and exciting applications of Op-Amp. This is because the circuit operation becomes independent of frequency if only resistors are used. The signal integration and differentiation will be studied using sine wave, square wave, and triangular wave. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 5. 741 Op-Amp (1 pc) 6. Resistors (1K, 1 pc) 7. Capacitor (0.1F, 1 pc) 8. Digital trainer board, multimeter, and connecting wires. INTEGRATOR PRELAB: Consider the integrator shown in Fig. 01 with vin = V p sin (t ) . If the circuit is initially relaxed, find the expression of output and determine the frequency, f, at which the output amplitude is equal to 2V p . Also, determine the phase relation between input and output. EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps.

Fig. 01: An Op-Amp integrator circuit 1. Measure the resistance and write down. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 01. Use a +5V DC power supply to terminal 7 and -5V DC power supply to terminal 4 of the Op-Amp. You can use fixed 5V DC supply of digital trainer board or 0-15V DC variable power supply from the digital trainer board.
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2. Use a 2V peak to peak sine wave Vin from the signal generator. Set the sine wave frequency to the one that you have determined in your prelab design. 3. Observe the output in channel-2 and input in channel-1 using dual mode. Write the amplitudes of the input and output signals and the phase difference between them. 4. Change the input from sine wave to square wave (do not change the frequency and magnitude) and observe the output in dual mode. Draw both the input and output wave forms with voltage and time axes labels. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. In the output expression (see your prelab), put the measured values of R and determine the amplitude of output signal and compared it to your prelab and measured data and comment. 2. Compare the phase relation between your prelab results and measured data and comment. 3. Simulate the integrator for 4 cycles using PSpice with square wave input that you have used in the lab. Have the simulation result printed and compare with your measurements and comment. DIFFERENTIATOR PRELAB: Consider the differentiator shown in Fig. 02 with vin = V p sin (t ) . If the circuit is initially relaxed, find the expression of output and determine the frequency, f, at which the output amplitude is equal to V p / 2 . Also, determine the phase relation between input and output EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps.

1.

2. 3. 4.

Fig. 02: An Op-Amp differentiator circuit Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 02. Use a +5V DC power supply to terminal 7 and -5V DC power supply to terminal 4 of the Op-Amp. You can use fixed 5V DC supply of digital trainer board or 0-15V DC variable power supply from the digital trainer board. Use a 2V peak to peak sine wave Vin from the signal generator with frequency from you prelab. Observe the output in channel-2 and input in channel-1 using dual mode. Write the amplitudes of the input and output signals and the phase difference between them. Change the input from sine wave to triangular wave (do not change the frequency and magnitude) and observe the output in dual mode. Draw them with voltage and time axes labels

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. In the output expression (see your prelab), put the measured values of R and determine the amplitude of output signal and compared it to your prelab and measured data and comment. 2. Compare the phase relation between your prelab results and measured data and comment. 3. Simulate the integrator for 4 cycles using PSpice with triangular wave input that you have used in the lab. Have the simulation result printed and compare with your measurements and comment.
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Channel-1

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 05

OpMeasurement of the non ideal characteristics of an Op-amp

OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to study (measure) the Op-amp characteristics that are apart from the ideal behavior of Op-amp. More specifically, we will measure the slew rate, the offset voltage, the bias current and the offset current. We will also measure the frequency response of an inverting amplifier. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. Op-amp (uA741) 2. Resistor (10K, 3 pcs, 1K 1pc, and 4.7K pc) 3. DC multimeter OFFSET VOLTAGE AND CURRENT PRELAB: Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 1(b). Assume two internal bias current sources IB1 and IB2 at the inverting and non inverting terminals of op-amp as shown in Fig. 2.34 of your text. Show that for this circuit, the relation between the bias currents and the output voltage can be written as I B 2 (R1 R3 + R2 R3 ) = R1 (I B1 R2 V0 )

Fig. 1 EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps to measure the offset voltage and the offset current 1. Measure the values of the resistances. Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 1(a) with the resistance values R1 = R2 = 10K. Use 15V from the trainer board for biasing the op-amp. 2. Measure the output voltage V01 with R1 open and V02 with R1 grounded. From these two readings, calculate the off-set voltage from VOS = (V02 V01 )R1 / R2 and the input bias current from

I B1 = (V02 V01 ) / R2 . 3. Introduce R3 = 10K to construct the circuit of Fig. 1(b) and measure the output voltage. With the output voltage from Fig. 1(b) and the input bias current IB1 from Fig. 1(a), use the relation derived in your pre-lab to calculate the input bias current IB2. 4. Now replace R3 by 4.7K and measure V0 and IB2. 5. Calculate the input offset and input bias currents from I OS =| I B1 I B 2 | and I B = (I B1 + I B 2 ) / 2 .

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SLEW RATE AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT PRELAB: (a) Let the input of Fig. 2 is vin = V p sin (t ) . Derive an expression for the slew rate using the definition SR = max(dvo/dt). Calculate the slew rate of the op-amp that has a rated output voltage of 5V and the full-power band width of 100KHz. (b) For the inverting amplifier with a closed loop gain of -10, calculate the unity gain frequency if its 3dB cutoff is at 90KHz. Read section 2.5.2 and 2.6.4 of the text book before you come to the lab.

Fig. 2 EXPERIMENT: Follow the following steps to measure offset voltage and offset current 1. Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 2. Use R1 = 1K and R2 = 10K and 15V from the trainer board for biasing the op-amp. 2. Use a 1V peak, 100Hz sine wave vin from the signal generator and observe the output in channel2 and input in channel-1 using the dual mode of oscilloscope. 3. Now change the input frequency from 100Hz to the maximum value where the output shows the undistorted wave form. Write down this frequency and the amplitude of the input signal at this frequency. Calculate the SR using the equation derived in prelab. 4. Set the input frequency to 100Hz and measure the amplitudes of input and output signals and calculate the gain. 5. Now raise the frequency of the signal generator (do not change the input amplitude) to the value at which the output amplitude reduces to 0.707 of its 100Hz value. Write this frequency as f3. Measure the output amplitudes at the following frequencies, f3/4, f3/2, 2f3, 5f3, and 10f3. Calculate the gain at f3/4, f3/2, f3, 2f3, 5f3, and 10f3.

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. For the circuit shown in Fig. 1(a), write the equations for V01 and V02 in terms of VOS and IB1 and get the expressions for VOS and IB1 as shown in step2 of experiment procedure. 2. Plot the gain (in dB) versus frequency curve for the inverting amplifier of Fig. 2 in semilog-x. 3. Determine the slope of the curve in dB/decade at the frequencies higher than f3. 4. Extrapolate the curve to calculate the unity gain frequency. 5. Simulate the circuit shown in Fig. 1(b) using Pspice to determine offset voltage, offset current and bias current and compare the results with your measurement. 6. Simulate a voltage follower circuit using Pspice with a square wave input having the parameters: CD=0 AC=0 V1=0 V2=5 TD=5us TR=5us TF=5us PW=20us PER=50us. Do transient simulation for 100us and measure slew rate by measuring the slope of the output.

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ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 06

INParameters and I-V characteristics measurement of an N-channel MOSFET

OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to measure the parameters, namely the threshold voltage, Vt and the process transconductance Kn, and the output characteristics (ID vs. VDS) of an N-channel enhancement MOSFET. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. CD4007C 2. Resistors (1K) 3. Voltmeter PIN CONFIGURATION OF CD4007C:

Fig 01: Pin diagram of CD4007C MEASUREMENT OF Vt AND Kn To measure the threshold voltage and transconductance, follow the following steps 1. Measure the resistance and connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 02. Note that a voltmeter (VM) is in series with the drain and VDD and G and D are shorted.

Fig. 02: Measurement of Vt and Kn of an NMOS 2. Set VDD to 10V from the DC power supply unit and measure the reading of the voltmeter. The threshold voltage Vt = VDD VM reading.
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3. Now replace the voltmeter by 1K resistance and measure the voltage drop across the resistance. Divide it by the resistance to get ID. Measure VGS and calculate the process transconductance from Kn = 2ID/(VGS-Vt)2. I-V MEASUREMENT To measure the I-V characteristics (ID vs. VDS) of an N-MOSFET, follow the following steps exactly.

Fig. 03: Circuit to measure I-V characteristics of an N-channel MOSFET 1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 03 and set VGG = Vt+1V from the trainer board variable power supply. 2. Use the DC power supply unit as VDD. Now change VDD from 0 and measure VDS and VRD (voltage across RD resistance). Take around 15 data up to VDS = 7V. Be careful so that VDD does not exceed 15V. Calculate drain current from ID = VRD/RD. 3. Set VGG to Vt+2V and Vt+3V and repeat step 2. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 1. To find Kn in step 3 of Fig. 02, we use the current expression in saturation. Why? 2. You have Vt and Kn. Note that here Kn is equivalent to Kn(W/L) of the text. For three VGG (VGG = VGS) values of Fig. 03, use the linear and saturation current expressions to tabulate the ID for each VDS and plot the ID-VDS curves using your calculated and experimental data on the same graph. You may use Matlab for plotting. 2 2 I D = K n (VGS Vt )VDS VDS / 2 ; linear I D = (K n / 2)(VGS Vt ) ; saturation 3. Write your observation and comments on the calculated and experimental graphs, especially in the saturation regions. 4. For VGG = Vt+3V, take two experimental data points in saturation and calculate the slope. From the slope, obtain output resistance ro and Early voltage VA. 5. Simulate the circuit shown in Fig. 03 using PSPICE. For simulation use MbreakN3 MOSFET and DC sweep analysis with nested loop for the three different values of VGG. To set the parameters, double click on MbreakN3 and set W and L to 1E-6 (1um). Now select MbreakN3 (it will turn red) and go to Edit Model Edit Instance Model (Text). Delete everything in the appeared window and write the followings (put your values of Vt and Kn) and click OK.

.MODEL MbreakN3 NMOS LEVEL = 3 VTO = 1.8 KP = 100E-6

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ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EAST WEST UNIVERSITY, DHAKA-1212, BANGLADESH COURSE NO: EEE 102, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-I EXPERIMENT NO: 07

Study of a Common Source NMOS Amplifier

OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to study a common source NMOS amplifier and to experimentally determine the gain and the input and output impedances of the amplifier. REQUIRED PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. CD4007C (1 pc) 2. Resistors (100K, 4.7K, 4.7K, 1K, RB2) 3. Capacitors (10F, 3pcs) 4. POT (10K) 5. Digital multimeter PIN CONFIGURATION

Fig 01: Pin diagram of CD4007C PRELAB: Determine the value of RB2 for the circuit shown in Fig. 02 so that VDSQ=7V. For your calculation (DC analysis), use the value of Vt and Kn (equivalent to Kn(W/L) of the text) from experiment 6 and assume that the transistor is operating in saturation. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1. Measure the resistance values using multimeter and write them down. 2. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 02 with RB1, RB2, RD, and RS (DC part only). (Do not connect capacitances and vsig now). Now measure VDS using DC mode of multimeter. Is this value close to 7V? If not, ask the instructor for help. If yes, measure VGS and the voltage across RD using DC mode of multimeter. 3. Now connect the capacitances, Rsig, and vsig signal. From the signal generator take vsig of about 0.4V peak-to-peak and 3KHz frequency. 4. Observe both the input and output signals in the oscilloscope in dual mode. If the output voltage is clipped then reduce the input voltage until you get undistorted output. Measure the peak to peak values of input and output signals and the phase difference between the input and the output voltages. Calculate the voltage gain.
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Fig. 02: A CS NMOS amplifier circuit 5. Measure the RMS value of the input signal and the RMS voltage across the Rsig resistance using multimeter in AC mode. Divide the voltage across the Rsig by the value of Rsig. This is input current. Divide the input voltage by the input current to get the input impedance Ri. 6. Turn off channel-1 and measure the peak of the output voltage from channel-2. Write it down. 7. Take a 10K POT and set its value to maximum. Now connect the POT between the output terminal and the ground. Reduce the POT resistance value gradually until the peak of the output voltage becomes half of the value of step 6. 8. Now carefully disconnect the POT and measure its resistance using multimeter. This is the output impedance R0. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 1. Calculate gm from the measured values of ID and VGS in step 2. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit of Fig. 02 using low frequency -model. Use the value of ro from experiment 6. Now theoretically calculate the voltage gain Av = vo/vsig, Ri and R0 and compare with the measurement. 2. Briefly explain why the measured resistance in step 7 represents R0. 3. Briefly explain the role of the 10F capacitor across the RS resistance. 4. Simulate the circuit shown in Fig. 02 using PSpice and submit the output and input together on the same graph for approximately 4 cycles (transient analysis for 1.4 ms of the 3KHz input signal) of the input signal. Use MbreakN3 MOSFET and change its parameters following the procedure outlined in experiment 6.

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