A. Yurdalan, U.

Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Exercise 1 3-Point Bending Using the Static Structural Module of Ansys Workbench 12
Contents
Learn how to ...................................................................................................................................................................1 Given........................................................................................................................................................................................2 Questions ...............................................................................................................................................................................2 Taking advantage of symmetries.................................................................................................................................2 B. Preprocessor (Setting up the Model) ..................................................................................................................6 B.1 Build the Geometry Using DesignModeler Module ................................................................................6 B.2 Material Properties .............................................................................................................................................7 i. Define Material Properties...........................................................................................................................7 B.3 Meshing ................................................................................................................................................................. 10 B.4 Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................. 11 i. Boundary Conditions .................................................................................................................................. 11 ii. Applying the Loads ............................................................................................................................. 12 C. Solving ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13 a. Contour Plot of Deformed Shape ............................................................................................................... 13 b. Contour Plot: X-Component of Total Strain .......................................................................................... 14 c. Contour Plot X-Component of Stress ....................................................................................................... 15 d. Contour Plot: Von-Mises Equivalent Stress........................................................................................... 16 Answering the Questions:............................................................................................................................................ 16

Learn how to
use the ANSYS Workbench DesignModeler build a model take advantage of symmetries perform a full analysis consisting of pre-processing, solution and post-processing

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Given
Beam under 3-point bending with a centric applied force F as shown in Fig. 1
h w

L
Fig. 1: Beam under 3-point bending.

Relevant geometrical and material data for our problem are given in Table 1: F L h t E yield = 500,000 N = 2,000 mm = 60 mm = 20 mm = 210,000 N/mm2 = 0.3 = 235 N/mm2 Applied force Length of the beam Height of the beam cross section Thickness of the beam cross section Youngs modulus Poissons ration Allowable stress: yield stress of steel

Table 1: Geometry and material data.

Questions
Due to this classic 2-dimensional mechanical problem we can state two questions: 1. Will the beam break and were would it start breaking? 2. If not, what would be the maximum deflection w?

Taking advantage of symmetries

Can we take advantage of symmetries? Please, draw a simplified beam model which takes advantage of symmetry!

Fig. 2: Space for drawing of simplified beam model taking advantage of symmetry.

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

A. Getting started
A.1 Login to your local Linux PC
Enter your kiz account name and password to login to the local Linux PC.

A.2 Open a Terminal

Start a terminal (e.g. Konsole) from the desktop main menu:

Figure 1: Open a terminal and a file manager from the K menu.

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

A.3 Start a remote session

Start a remote session (SSH = secure shell) by entering the command ssh <yourname>@zeus.rz.uni-ulm.de or ssh <yourname>@andromeda.rz.uni-ulm.de in the terminal. Please use your account name as <yourname> and enter your pass-word when being asked. The password should be the same as the one you used to login locally to your Linux machine.

Figure 2: Remote login via ssh command.

For testing purposes, try to run a new xterm session on the remote host by issuing the command xterm& (Note: The ampersand detaches the new xterm process from the SSH console session so you can enter further commands without needing to close the xterm window.) This is also a first check whether the display settings are appropriate to let the host computer (zeus/andromeda) export whole X11 windows (and not only text out-put) to the local screen.

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

A.4 Start the FE software ANSYS

Before being able to use a software package on the computer centers Unix machines you have to choose an appropriate module command to set necessary environment va-riables. A list of all available software is displayed if you simply enter the command modules without any further parameters. To start the ANSYS Workbench 12.0 (www.ansys.com) first enter

module load cae/ansys and then runwb2&

either into the xterm or directly into your SSH terminal.

Figure 3: Remote login via xterm& command

Important: Please make sure to choose the right license type After you have launched Workbench go Tools License Preferences and change license type by using Move up and Move down buttons, finally Apply the settings.

Figure 4: Choosing the right license type

ANSYS Academic Teaching Introductory or ANSYS Academic Teaching Advanced Do not choose ANSYS Academic Research!

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

B. Preprocessor (Setting up the Model)

Figure 5: Interface of Ansys Workbench 12

B.1 Build the Geometry Using DesignModeler Module

Figure 6: Getting starting with Static Structural module

To begin; drag the Static Structural Module and drop into the Project Schematic and double click to Geometry to open DesignModeler. Page 6 of 17

A. Yurdalan, U. Simon Choose the desired units. To create the solid beam; Create dimensions at the Details box.

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Basic Elements

Cube and give the desired

To solve the problem correctly; please be sure that the origin of the coordinate system located on the plane and at the center of the cross section of the beam. The beam axis must be oriented along the global x-axis. Ansys Workbench saves this model automatically; you can close this module and go on.

Figure 7: The beam on the DesignModeler

B.2 Material Properties

i. Define Material Properties Materials define the mechanical behavior of the FE model. We will use a simple linearelastic, isotropic material model. Static Structural Engineering Data Edit Outline of Schematic A:2 Add new material

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Figure 8: Assignment of the engineering data

Figure 9: Naming the new material

Choose the simplest available material model by dragging the property from the Toolbox and dropping on to Properties of Outline Row 4: MY NEW MATERIAL Toolbox Linear Elastic Isotropic Elasticity Now Properties of Outline Row 4: MY NEW MATERIAL requires certain material parameters: Youngs Modulus and Poison Ratio. After you enter the parameters do not forget to push Return to Project button and then update the project

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Figure 10: Define the material properties.

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

B.3 Meshing

Figure 11: Getting starting to mesh the geometry

Figure 12: Meshing details

To mesh the solid body select (double click) the Model to open Mechanical Module. Right click on Mesh which is on the Structure Tree and select a meshing method. Page 10 of 17

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Mesh (right click) Insert Mapped Mesh At this point focus on to Details. Select the Geometry (all 6 faces) and do not forget to update the project, please click to Generate button.

Figure 13: Meshed Body

B.4 Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions

i. Boundary Conditions To setup the necessary support: Structure Tree Static-Mechanic (right click) Insert Fixed Support At this point focus on to Details. Select the Face you want to assign as a fixed support.

Figure 14: Fixed Face of the body

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon ii. Applying the Loads

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Structure Tree Static-Mechanic (right click) Insert Force At this point focus on to Details. Select the Face you want to assign a force on this surface. Assign the components of the force vector. Now the problem is ready to be solved.

Figure 15: Applied force

Figure 16: Fixed face of the body and applied force

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A. Yurdalan, U. Simon

Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

C. Solving
To solve the problem add some solving tools at the Solution which is at the Structure tree. Solution (right click) Total Deformation Solution (right click) Total Strain Solution (right click) Total Stress Solution (right click) Von-Mises Equivalent Stress Click Solve

Figure 17: Required solving tools

a. Contour Plot of Deformed Shape

Figure 17: Total deformation

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Correcting the Model: The value of the applied force was erroneously too high and should be corrected from 500,000 to 5,000 Newton. Structure tree Force Details Change the value of the force 500,000 to 5,000 N and click to Solve.

Figure 17: Deformed shape of the beam resulting from corrected force.

b. Contour Plot: X-Component of Total Strain

Structure Tree Total Strain and Details Direction X-axis

Figure 17: Details of total strain

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Figure 18: Contour plot of x-component of total strain.

c. Contour Plot X-Component of Stress

Structure Tree Total Stress and Details Direction X-axis

Figure 18: Details of total stress

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

Figure 19: Contour plot of x-component of stress.

d. Contour Plot: Von-Mises Equivalent Stress

Figure 20: Contour plot of Von-Mises equivalent stress.

Answering the Questions:

1 Will the beam break and were would it start breaking? With the corrected force (F = 5,000 N) the beam will not break. The maximal predicted von Mises stress reaches values of pred = 206 N/mm2 (Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.), whereas the ultimate yield stress yield = 235 N/mm2 is higher. That means the failure criterion pred > yield is not fulfilled. However, the difference between the two values is small. In many technical applications the factor of

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Advanced Materials / Finite Elements / Exercise 1

security should be 2.0 or even higher. The factor of security yield/pred reached in our example is much smaller. The critical region, were we would expect the beginning of a failure, is located at the left end of the half beam (Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden., Symbol MX) at the location of maximum stresses. For the full length beam the critical region would lay in the middle where the force was applied (Fig. 1). 2 If not, what would be the maximum deflection w? We predicted a maximum deflection of w = 11 mm appearing at the free end (right side, symbol MX) of the simplified half model (Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.). The full length beam under 3-point-bending (Fig. 1) will show a maximum deflection of the same amount in the middle.

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