PRODUCT SERIES 73

kentintrol

TECHNICALLY ADVANCED SURFACE CHOKES FOR SEVERE SERVICE APPLICATIONS

FORTY YEARS

PRODUCT SERIES 73

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KOSO KENT INTROL SUPPLIES A DIVERSE RANGE OF PRECISION -MANUFACTURED CHOKE, CONTROL AND ROTARY VALVES FOR OIL AND GAS, PETROCHEMICAL AND POWER INDUSTRIES WORLDWIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO KOSO KENT INTROL'S SURFACE CHOKES SERIES 73 SURFACE CHOKES PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CHOKE ASSEMBLIES HIGH TECHNOLOGY CHOKES SURFACE CHOKE TRIM TECHNOLOGY DEALING WITH EROSION FROM SOLID CONTAMINANTS CUSTOM DESIGNED VALVES ENGINEERING TOOLS NON-COLLAPSABLE CHOKE VALVE TRIM CONSIDERATIONS TRIM SELECTION SELECTION OF TRIM MATERIALS ON CONTAMINATED SERVICES APPLICATION SOLUTIONS & SELECTION GUIDELINES INFORMATION TO SIZE & SELECT A CHOKE PREVIOUS SERIES 73 EXPERIENCE A SMALL SELECTION OF PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS & PROJECTS 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

WWW.KENTINTROL.COM

PRODUCT RANGE
TOP & BOTTOM-GUIDED CONTROL VALVES Our range of high-performance top and bottom-guided control valves includes single and double-seated valves suitable for low and high-capacity applications, as well as three-way valves for mixing or splitting flows. Our control valves are designed to facilitate pressure drops at all stages of transportation in the oil, gas and power industries. All valves are refined by our engineers to suit the needs of each application and all service conditions. CAGE-GUIDED CONTROL VALVES The Series 12/72 range of cage-guided control valves is KKIs core product. The exceptional valves in this range combine high-integrity features, such as ASME VIII body/bonnet bolting design, a high flow capacity and a wide range of trim designs, from low-noise anti-cavitation to multi-stage trims. These valves are ideally suited to the critical service process control requirements of a wide range of industry applications. SURFACE CHOKE VALVES The KKI Series 73 surface choke valve offers a unique solution for the majority of choke applications in the oil and gas industry. The flexible valve design can incorporate many different trim and body material options to suit differing flow rates and in-service conditions. Thousands of KKI Series 73 surface chokes are installed around the world on projects for some of the worlds leading oil and gas production companies. ROTARY CONTROL VALVES The Rotrol range of high-capacity butterfly valves has been developed to overcome the problems associated with control, cavitation and noise in conventional butterfly valve designs. Lighter in weight and more compact than globe valve alternatives, this innovative valve performs especially well in severe-service applications, where pressure drops tend to be high in the controlling position but where high-capacity throughputs at low pressure drops are also required. SEVERE SERVICE SOLUTIONS For more than 40 years, KKI has built up a reputation for delivering valve solutions for the most arduous service conditions. We have developed a range of advanced, high-quality severe service valve solutions for every type of problematic application, from high-pressure, high-temperature environments to sub-zero temperatures. Our valves are designed to combat the effects of cavitation, flashing, erosion, contaminated fluids, corrosion, high velocity, vibration, noise and energy dissipation. INSTRUMENTS KKI offers a wide selection of sophisticated instrumentation to support our comprehensive range of high-performance valves and actuators. The instruments we supply include pneumatic and electro-magnetic positioners, airsets, volume boosters and airlocks. All instruments are specified to deliver optimum performance for the service conditions and specific needs of each application. We also supply proprietary instruments to suit individual customer preferences. ACTUATORS Our range of robust, versatile and reliable pneumatic actuators includes the G, C and D Series models. These have been developed to meet the needs of all control valve applications, offering proven design and high reliability. They are used extensively for on-shore, offshore and power installations. In addition, we supply various proprietary actuators such as electric, electro-hydraulic, pneumatic stepping and hydraulic stepping actuators to meet customer requirements. All actuators can be supplied with hand-wheels and limit stop features.

TOP & BOTTOM-GUIDED CONTROL VALVES SINGLE SEATED SERIES 10/71 DOUBLE SEATED SERIES 20 3-WAY MIXING AND DIVERTING SERIES 30

CAGE-GUIDED CONTROL VALVES SERIES 12/72

SURFACE CHOKE VALVES SERIES 73

ROTARY CONTROL VALVES SERIES 60

SEVERE SERVICE SOLUTIONS

INSTRUMENTS

ACTUATORS SERIES G SERIES C SERIES D

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INTRODUCTION TO KOSO KENT INTROLS SURFACE CHOKES At Koso Kent Introl an unrivalled blend of proven expertise, innovative design technology and skilled engineering is the motivating force behind the development of the Introl range of high quality choke valves Thousands of Introl Series 73 surface chokes are installed around the world on projects for some of the worlds leading oil and gas production companies. Koso Kent Introl manufactures from its plant in the UK, with global sales and application support from specialist sales people and carefully selected channel partners throughout the world.

QUALITY MANUFACTURING Maintaining the highest standards of quality throughout design, production and customer service is the cornerstone of Koso Kent Introls philosophy. Our plant is accredited in accordance with Quality Management System ISO 9001 and Environmental Management System ISO 14001. In addition all products, where applicable, conform to ATEX, PED and all other applicable EU Directives and are CE marked accordingly. The companys standard manufacturing experience includes NACE MR01.75, NORSOK, API 6A specifications and individual customer specifications. Our in-house inspection and testing facilities include hardness testing, NDE, PMI, gas and flow testing. Safety is the key element in everything we do, with all employees undergoing both general and specific Health and Safety training.

Typical Series 73 surface choke

Surface choke complete with electro-hydraulic actuator

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SERIES 73 SURFACE CHOKE

The Koso Kent Introl Series 73 surface choke valve offers a unique solution to the majority of choke applications within the oil and gas industry. The flexibility of this design facilitates many different trim and body material options. FEATURES OF THE SERIES 73 SURFACE CHOKE Choke body materials can be of forged, HIPped or cast construction. Numerous trim designs from single stage high capacity to multi stage low noise/anti cavitation. Patented sand resistant LCV trim design. Premium grade (solid) tungsten carbide control elements (dependant on application). Non-Collapsable trim design option. Various trim sizes can be used, in different choke body sizes, to ideally suit the process parameters. Specially characterised trims can be provided. The choke design has an inherently high capacity and rangeability. All seals are resilient and do not suffer from explosive decompression A wide range of actuator options are available, including manual, pneumatic spring opposed diaphragm, pneumatic piston, pneumatic stepping, hydraulic stepping, electric, electro-hydraulic + Koso America REXA ElectraulicTM actuator.

API 6A 15K RATED CHOKE Clamped bonnet Electric actuator

Choke complete with Koso America REXA Electraulic actuator

TM

PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CHOKE ASSEMBLIES API 6A PR2 testing of various choke sizes and ratings. API 17D testing of various choke sizes and ratings. Flow testing verification of flow capacity and trim characteristic. Bend testing to validate design integrity of pressure envelope. Low temperature testing to verify suitability of the chokes at sub zero temperatures. Erosion qualification and CFD reports to verify the expected life of the choke under erosive service conditions. Choke trim impact testing to verify that the choke trim does not collapse when hit by solid components at high velocity.

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HIGH TECHNOLOGY CHOKES

FEATURES OF THE SERIES 73 SURFACE CHOKE SIZES 1 to 16 (25mm to 400mm) RATINGS ANSI 600 to 4,500/API 3,000 to 15,000 END CONNECTION STYLES ISO 10423 API 6A, API 17D, ANSI Flanges and Clamp/Hub type connections. Other end connections available on request. DESIGN STANDARDS ISO 10423 API 6A/API 17D/ANSI B16.34/ASME VIII/PED/ATEX /NACE MR-01-75/NORSOK BODY FORM Castings, HIPpings or Forgings, dependant on application. BONNET DESIGN Bolted or Clamped design in accordance with ASME VIII. TRIM DESIGN HF, LCV, Microspline, Multi-spline and various Multi-stage trim options. Other special trim configurations available on request. PLUG DESIGN Solid or Balanced. Metallic and resilient sealing ring options are available for balanced plug designs. Plug scraper rings are available as an option for high duty applications. INHERENT CHARACTERISTIC Modified Eq%, Linear or Equal Percentage. Solid alloy 625 choke body and bonnet for a design temperature of 120 degrees centigrade Surface choke body under going finite element analysis
9.183E-02 5.369E-02

8.478E-02 1.003E-01 1.569E-01

527E-01 1.390E-01

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION The procedure for selecting the materials of construction for chokes necessitates the considerations of a number of factors. In addition to the application, type of fluid, corrosion/erosion effects, fluid temperature, process pressure and contamination level, other factors also need to be considered. Typical materials of construction are: ASTM A216 WCB/ASTM A352 LCB and LCC AISI 4130/8630 and ASTM A182 F22 (Including partial or full alloy 625 overlay) UNS S31803, UNS S32550 and solid alloy 625 Titanium

NOTE: Various material options available, depending on actual process fluid

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SURFACE CHOKE TRIM TECHNOLOGY

All Koso Kent Introl Series 73 choke valves utilise the low-pressure recovery High Friction (HF) design of trim. First introduced in 1967, the HF trim philosophy is that the high energy, velocity and turbulence are dissipated and controlled within the confines of the trim, avoiding erosion damage to the pressure containing boundaries. Depending on the specific application and service conditions, single stage or a multiple of stages can be used. On multi-stage trims, the holes are specifically aligned from one sleeve to the next, so the individual jets must change direction repeatedly in the recovery chambers between each sleeve. This arrangement provides controlled staged pressure reduction without the onset of incipient cavitation and its associated problems of erosion, vibration and noise. FEATURES OF THE HF CARTRIDGE TRIM DESIGN Divides the main flow into a large number of small streams, increasing the turbulence/noise peak frequency and maximising the pipe wall transmission loss. High energy levels, pressure, velocity and turbulence intensity are dissipated within the confines of the trim, avoiding erosion damage to the pressure containing boundaries. Design of last stage ensures low velocity non-interacting jets, avoiding unnecessary generation of noise in the choke outlet. Various trim sizes can be used in different choke body sizes, to ideally suit the process parameters. Specially characterised trims can be provided. The inner tungsten carbide control elements are protected from impact damage by the outer cartridge sleeve (verified by testing). The HF trim design has an inherently high capacity and rangeability. All seals are resilient and do not suffer from explosive decompression.

Cartridge trim design which incorporates a metallic Brick Stopper

PROTECTION AGAINST SAND EROSION On applications, where there is a potential for high sand contamination within the medium, the HF-LCV design of trim would be offered. This design of trim has been independently tested and proved very successful on some of the most erosive services. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE HF-LCV TRIM DESIGN Premium grade solid tungsten carbide critical control elements. Solid tungsten carbide sacrificial plug nose. Shrouded plug seat seating area is protected from the high erosive flow path. Hole development dead band seating area is moved away from the main flow area. Stem scrapers prevents migration of sand into the stem seal area. Resilient plug seals with scraper rings. Metallic Brick stopper. prevents solid particles impacting directly on to the tungsten carbide. Optional tungsten carbide wear sleeve.

3D illustration of choke with HF trim design

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DEALING WITH EROSION FROM SOLID CONTAMINANTS

Some severe service applications do not just have to handle high-pressure drop scenarios; there is also the potential problem of erosion due to solid contaminants entrained in the process medium. EXAMPLE APPLICATION Koso Kent Introl developed the LCV trim over 20 years ago to handle these particular severe service applications. With the aid of Finite Element Analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Extensive Erosion testing and the use of the latest erosion resistant materials, the design has been further enhanced to maximise the expected life of the trim components. The initial choke was supplied in 1974 on a Level Control Valve (LCV) first stage separator application. The trim was of a HFD st 316L standard cage guided design. In the early 1980s the client introduced water injection, the additional water cut also produced sand. Within 2 weeks of operation of the valve, the trim was being severely eroded away due to excessive sand contamination. Fully stellited cage guided trim after two weeks operation

THE LCV SOLUTION Koso Kent Introl introduced a number of design enhancements to ensure that the choke trim would withstand the erosive nature of the medium. These enhancements included the introduction of a dead band, a sacrificial plug nose, a shrouded seat face arrangement and solid tungsten carbide main trim control elements. INTRODUCTION OF THE DEAD BAND The dead band is designed so that the valve stem will travel between 5 and 10% prior to any significant flow being passed through the valve. This moves the seating faces away from the main flow path of the medium as the flow is directed onto specially designed hard wearing sacrificial areas.

Patented solid tungsten carbide LCV trim after two years operation

Conventional seat arrangement

LCV design (patented)

Seating point Erosion

High v eloc ity flo
w

Hi

gh

low ity f loc ve

Dead band

PRODUCT SERIES 73

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CUSTOM DESIGNED VALVES

Koso Kent Introl has built its reputation on providing ingenious solutions to what is envisaged by the customer, as a problematic application. Whether it be for problems relating to high pressure high temperature, cavitation, erosion, corrosion, velocity, noise or energy dissipation, Koso Kent Introl has proved it has the solutions. EXAMPLE TECHNICAL SOLUTION Following vibration surveys of the wellhead and associated flow line piping it was found that broadband excitation was the primary source of the induced fatigue failures, with the dominant vibration source between 100-1500 Hertz. The survey revealed that the primary source of the excitation in the system was the existing competitors choke valve. Vibration measurements of 33 mm/sec were recorded in the downstream pipe. Koso Kent Introl initially provided a 6 trial carbon steel choke with a 4 multistage high duty trim. The main trim control elements were tungsten carbide. The vibration in the down stream pipe was significantly reduced to 3.5 mm/sec. Due to the success of the trial choke, Koso Kent Introl subsequently received an order for an additional 26 duplex chokes of the same design. The choke valves were provided with special end connections to ensure that they fit into the existing pipe-work.

Specially designed valve for the Australian market

CFD Analysis showing velocity vectors Velocity (m/s) 20.0 ENGINEERING TOOLS Koso Kent Introl is committed to providing fully analysed and tested choke products. Our expert engineering staff continually designs, develops, and tests products to meet the everchanging needs of the industry while supporting products that are already installed and operating throughout the world. Our engineering staff utilises modern engineering tools, such as CAD, Finite Element Analysis, 3D Modelling and CFD analysis, to ensure that the products are designed to the highest level of integrity and reliability.

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

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NON-COLLAPSABLE CHOKE VALVE TRIM CONSIDERATIONS

Kent Introl has previously carried out choke valve trim impact testing on numerous projects. The first testing of its kind was carried out on a subsea choke valve back in May 2001. Kent Introl choke valves have a specially designed trim to combat the effects of impact damage which, could if not other wise protected, result in catastrophic failure destroying the tungsten carbide trim. The Brick Stopper is designed to undertake a number of tasks: Reduce impact damage to the solid tungsten carbide trim components, therefore protecting over pressurization and or damage to down stream equipment; helping to prevent serious potential safety issues. Contain the cartridge assembly in single housing putting the tungsten carbide guide in compression. To proportion the flow stream around the main tungsten carbide throttling element/cage. Specifically designed to take minimal pressure differential therefore the Brick Stopper does not erode under normal operation. Previous testing has shown that unprotected tungsten carbide components can fail with impact values less than 10 Joules. Kent Introl, as standard, generally supplies all its Series 73 Production Choke Valves with the Brick Stopper feature. Recent testing has seen more stringent requirements. On a contract for a major Norwegian operator, we have tested three different choke valve trim sizes (6, 8 and 10). The test required 3 off impacts, on each trim, with impact acceptance criteria of 660 Joules. After the test, the tungsten carbide components were checked visually and had Dye Penetrent Examination. All the testing was witnessed and approved by the customer and the customers independent representative. The next stage of the testing was to take the testing up to destruction. Circa 1300 Joules impacts have now been achieved using a 65.5kg impact object dropped from a height of 2.02 metres.

Typical testing configuration 8 Brick Stopper with 600 joules impact damage
Crane hook

Impact object mild steel c/w 1" solid tungsten carbide impact ball

Pre-determined measurement

Cartridge assembly, per contract, including carbide Vee-block support

65.5kgs

Solid tungsten carbide ball impact object dropped from a height of 2.02 metres

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TRIM SELECTION
WHY USE SMALL HOLES? Smaller jets increase noise frequency and this will in turn reduce the noise level Larger jets create low frequency noise that can create resonance within choke components 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 Increasing Hole Size KEY Noise Level dBA Peak Frequency 0 15,000 Frequency (Hz) SPL (dBA) 30,000

HIGH PERFORMANCE LOW NOISE TRIMS Koso Kent Introl were one of the first valve companies to introduce a noise reducing control valve in 1969. Development has advanced considerably with the aid of new design techniques like Solid Modelling, Finite Element Analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Flow path through the HFT trim design. The main impingement takes place within the confines of the trim The Koso Kent Introl High Friction (HF) design of trims can reduce noise significantly (42dBA and higher are possible) whilst avoiding problems of erosion and cavitation.

HFT trim design

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SELECTION OF TRIM MATERIALS ON CONTAMINATED SERVICES

The following graph provides an indication of the materials that Koso Kent Introl would select dependant on the operating pressure drop and the level of solid contamination within the process medium. Other factors that will influence the correct material selection are flashing and the level of entrained gas that will come out of solution as the process pressure reduces. When the choke engineer sizes and selects a choke for a contaminated service application, he will also refer to the following graph. This graph provides an indication of the velocity limit reduction factor versus the percentage contamination. The recommended limiting velocity for each choke size and material will be multiplied by the appropriate factor below. If the calculated velocity falls outside the revised limiting velocity, then an alternative solution would be offered.

100

Percentage contamination by weight diagram

PRESSURE DROP (BAR)

50
tungsten carbide

10

17/4PH duplex or alloy 625/718+ full stellite

17/4 PH duplex or alloy 625/718+ stellite face

5
17/4PH duplex or alloy 625/718

1 0 .0001 .001 .01 .1 1 10 % CONTAMINATION BY WEIGHT

1.0 0.9 VELOCITY REDUCTION FACTOR 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.001% 0.010% 0.1% % CONTAMINATION BY WEIGHT 1.0% 10.0%

Velocity limit reduction factor versus % contamination

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APPLICATION SOLUTIONS AND SELECTION GUIDELINES

During the selection of the appropriate trim for each specific application, many issues and potential problems are reviewed by the choke engineer. Energy dissipation, noise, vibration, velocity control, cavitation, erosion and corrosion are all elements that can adversely affect the reliability of the choke in the field. Below are just a few of the items reviewed during the selection of a choke for a particular application. HIGH PRESSURE PRODUCTION / GAS / CONDENSATE FLUIDS
POTENTIAL ISSUES Droplet erosion Debris production / erosive service SOLUTION Use Premium grade tungsten carbide. Use Brick Stopper to protect carbide from impact damage. Incorporate stem and seal scrapers. Incorporate sacrificial wear area to protect critical trim components. Use trim with guiding throughout travel, such as plug and cage design. Consider the use of multi-stage trim. Use corrosion resistant material for body, trim and corrosion resistant binder tungsten carbide. Use methanol injection. Use low pressure recovery trim to reduce temperature drop across the choke. Use resilient seals that are resistant to explosive decompression.

Vibration

Corrosive medium

HF-LCV Trim for Erosive Applications

Hydrate formation

Explosive decompression of elastomeric seals Low temperature Gas cap at start up

Low temperature material selection. Low temperature actuator capability.

WATER INJECTION APPLICATIONS

POTENTIAL ISSUES Cavitation SOLUTION Use Low-Pressure Recovery trim design. Use multi-stage trim with small holes. Consider the use of stellite trim material to protect from debris impact in reverse flow mode. Check velocity in choke body annulus. Incorporate reverse flow sealing system. Use trim with guiding throughout travel such as plug and cage design. Consider use of multi-stage trim. Verify natural frequency of trim compared to fluid flowing frequency. Use corrosion resistant material for body and trim.

Possible reverse flow / bi-directional capability

Vibration

Potentially corrosive

HFT-LCV Trim for Anti Cavitation Applications

METHANOL/MEG INJECTION
POTENTIAL ISSUES Cavitation Blockage by debris Very low flow control required High pressure drops SOLUTION Use low pressure recovery trim design, or multi-stage micro-spline trim. Self cleaning trim required. Micro-spline trim required. Use trim with guiding through out travel such as plug and cage design. Consider the use of multi-stage trim.

GAS LIFT
POTENTIAL ISSUES Very low flow control required Erosive/non erosive SOLUTION Small cage or micro-spline trim required. If dry gas then consider non erosive and stellite trim can be used. If wet gas then consider erosive and use tungsten carbide trim control elements. Use corrosion resistant material for body and trim.

Potentially Corrosive

Microspline Trim for Low Flow Applications

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INFORMATION TO SIZE AND SELECT A CHOKE VALVE

APPLICATION: PRODUCTION CHOKE VALVES
PROCESS FLUID CONTAMINATES *UNITS *Liquid FLOW RATE *Oil *Water Gas/Vapour *Inlet *Outlet Delta P Inlet *Specific Gravity Vapour Pressure Critical Pressure Viscosity *Specific Gravity LIQUID Vapour Pressure Critical Pressure Viscosity *Molecular Weight GAS/VAPOUR Compressibility (z) Specific Heat Ratio ( ) MAXIMUM NORMAL MINIMUM

START UP

PRESSURE TEMPERATURE

OIL

APPLICATION: WATER INJECTION/LIQUID SERVICE CHOKE VALVES

PROCESS FLUID CONTAMINATES *UNITS MAXIMUM NORMAL MINIMUM

START UP

FLOW RATE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE

*Liquid *Inlet *Outlet Delta P Inlet *Specific Gravity Vapour Pressure Critical Pressure Viscosity

LIQUID

APPLICATION: GAS LIFT CHOKE VALVES

PROCESS FLUID CONTAMINATES *UNITS MAXIMUM NORMAL MINIMUM

START UP

FLOW RATE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE LIQUID

*Gas/Vapour *Inlet *Outlet Delta P Inlet *Molecular Weight Compressibility (z) Specific Heat Ratio ( )

VALVE SPECIFICATION DETAILS

*End Connection size and style *Temperature Ratings (min /max) *Choke Pressure Rating Material or API Class Rating Quality or API PSL Requirement Line Size and Schedule * Mandatory Requirements Please specify the frequency of the start up conditions Pressure and Temperature Units to be specified by the customer Full information allows detailed application review and correct trim/choke selection

PRODUCT SERIES 73

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PREVIOUS SERIES 73 EXPERIENCE

Choke with SMART Positioner

14,12 & 10 ANSI 2500 Duplex valves for an FPSO

Choke c/w electro-hydraulic actuator and sunshade

API 10K PSL4 chokes for sour gas re-injection

12 ANSI 1500 choke C/W electro-hydraulic actuator

ANSI 600/900 rated chokes for Nigeria

10x 8x 10 ANSI 1500 gas chokes for Qatar

Various chokes with electric and manual operators for the Southern North Sea

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A SMALL SELECTION OF PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS AND PROJECTS

CUSTOMER DATE QTY SUPPLIED 1976 1976 1982 1985 1987 1988 1988 1989 1992 1992/ 94/95 1994 1994 1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 2000/01 2001 2001 2003 2004 2003/05 2003 2005 2005 11 17 21 10 44 25 9 23 19 12 6 33 27 119 1 34 16 18 10 21 6 26 19 5 12 27 36 6 7 5 6 16 8 1 2 2 7 1 3 1 1 2 3 2 2 CM SIZE 6 6 6 2 4 4 4 8 6 8 4 6 FLANGE SIZE 6 41/16 6 2 4 41/16 4 8 6 10 x 8 4 6 FLANGE RATING ANSI 2500 API 10000 API 5000 ANSI 2500 ANSI 1500 API 3000 ANSI 900 ANSI 1500 ANSI 900 API 10000 ANSI 1500 PRESSURE
IN BAR OUT BAR

DESIGN
PRESS. BAR TEMP O C

DUTY

LINE FLUID

DESTINATION

Shell Shell A.D.N.O.C Kent Process Control Inc. McDermott Engineering Ltd. BP Pet. Development Qatar General Petroleum Corp Artificial Lift Consortium Earl & Wright Marathon Oil UK Ltd McDermott Engineering Ltd. Arco China Inc. Bechtel Brown and Root Ltd. ABB Offshore Technology Shell ABB Offshore Technology ABB Control Valves Inc. Kvaerner H&G Offshore Kvaerner H&G Offshore ABB Kent Taylor PTE Ltd. ABB Offshore Technology Brown and Root Ltd. ABB Industrial Systems NPCC Stolt Offshore SA Score (Europe) Ltd. Sakhalin Energy Investment Co Sakhalin Energy Investment Co PFD (UK) Ltd ABU ADEL Engineering Services Vetco Aibel Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Origin Energy Resources Ltd. Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Woodside Energy Ltd. BP BP

245 415 219 311 192 207 121 36 89.2 593 179

Various 215 103 25 8 70 23 8 43.7 103 90

402 670 345 311 242 207 128 232 120 690 243

93 90 99 165 47 70 93 93 20 200 -29/90

Water Production Production Injection Production Production Water Injection Production HC Liquid Gas and Condensate HC Gas Various Various HC Gas/Liquid Natural Gas Production Production Gas Lift Hydrocarbon Vapour Hydrocarbon Vapour Production Water Injection Production Production Production Production Gas Production Production Production Water Injection Multi-phase Production Production Production

Liquid Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrocarbon Gas Multi-phase Liquid Multi-phase Multi-phase Multi-phase Hydrocarbon Gas Multi-phase Various Gas/Liquid Multi-phase Multi-phase Multi-phase Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrocarbon Gas Gas Condensate/ Water/Sand Gas Liquid Water Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Multi-phase Oil/Water Hydrocarbon Gas Wellstream Wellstream Water Multi-phase Production Fluids Multi-phase Multi-phase

North Sea North Sea Abu Dhabi Alaska North Sea UK Qatar North Sea UK North Sea North Sea China Abu Dhabi North Sea Norway Gabon Norway Venezuela North Sea North Sea Australia Norway Bangladesh Denmark Iran Nigeria North Sea Russia Russia Kazakhstan Qatar Norway Brazil

Up to2 Up to2 Up to4 Various 10 8 3 6 4 6 4 6 6 4 4 4 2 4 8 6 4 3 8 8 10 2 8 10 4 14 12 10 10 6 6 10 8 3 8 41/16 8 41/16 71/16 x 6 6 6 6 8 4 6 9 x 14 51/8 x 8 8 x 51/8 31/16 10 x 10 10 x 10 12 x 12 2 8 10 71/16 12 12 8 11 x 10 6 71/16

ANSI 1500 Various Various Various Various Up to Various Various Various Various API 10000 ANSI 2500 ANSI 900 ANSI 900 API 5000 API 10000 API 10000 API 15000 ANSI 1500 ANSI 1500 ANSI 2500 ANSI 2500 ANSI 2500 ANSI 600 API 10000 API 5000 ANSI 1500 API 10000 81 139 40.3 70 615.5 515.5 41 96 6 29 Various 190 311 142 120 130 689 550 800 344 222 280 345 299 114 448 200 258 234 690 240 180 230 -20/+85 75 80 130 118 150 175 90 54 90 100 100 60 100 121 75 90 120 100 90 100

Various Various 170 100 218.2 31 258.6 85 414 117 Various 81.74 28 89.8 21 Various

Various Various 83.7 12.5 149 Various Various Various

ANSI 1500 Various Various ANSI 1500 ANSI 1500 160 200 Various Various

2006 2007

API 5000 ANSI 2500

257 25

70 24.5

309 345

110/-46 Production Fluid 123/-10 Well Fluids

Well Fluids Multi-phase

New Zealand Angola

2006 2007 2007

API 5000 API 11000 API 15000

92.5 624 640

90.5 153 153

345 759 759

121/-20 Hydrocarbon Gas 100/-50 100/-50 Well Fluids Well Fluids

Gas Multi-phase Multi-phase

Australia Azerbaijan Azerbaijan

KOSO KENT INTROL LIMITED ARMYTAGE ROAD BRIGHOUSE WEST YORKSHIRE HD6 1QF UK TELEPHONE +44 (0)1484 710311 FACSIMILE +44 (0)1484 407407 EMAIL [email protected] WEBSITE WWW.KENTINTROL.COM

Koso Kent Introl Limited is part of the KOSO Group of companies. The Companys policy is one of continual development and the right is reserved to modify the specifications contained herein without notice. Copyright January 2009 All rights reserved Koso Kent Introl Limited