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    Residue Management Machinery For CA - Dr. H.S. Sidhu

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    CSISA Project
    This document discusses residue management machinery for conservation agriculture (CA) in India. It addresses issues with current farming practices like degradation of natural resources and stagnating crop yields. CA principles of no-tillage, soil cover with residue, and crop rotation can enhance productivity, protect resources, and help adapt to climate change. The document examines residue management options in Punjab like collection, incorporation, burning, and mulching. It provides details on machinery like happy seeders that can implement no-tillage and sowing through heavy crop residues. Data shows benefits of mulching over bare soil in reducing weeds, conserving moisture, and stabilizing soil temperature. The document advocates making farming systems sustainable by confronting issues like climate change through adoption of

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    Residue Management Machinery For CA - Dr. H.S. Sidhu

    Uploaded by

    CSISA Project
    136 views48 pages
    This document discusses residue management machinery for conservation agriculture (CA) in India. It addresses issues with current farming practices like degradation of natural resources and stagnating crop yields. CA principles of no-tillage, soil cover with residue, and crop rotation can enhance productivity, protect resources, and help adapt to climate change. The document examines residue management options in Punjab like collection, incorporation, burning, and mulching. It provides details on machinery like happy seeders that can implement no-tillage and sowing through heavy crop residues. Data shows benefits of mulching over bare soil in reducing weeds, conserving moisture, and stabilizing soil temperature. The document advocates making farming systems sustainable by confronting issues like climate change through adoption of

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    Residue Management Machinery for CA - Dr. H.S. Sidhu

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    This document discusses residue management machinery for conservation agriculture (CA) in India. It addresses issues with current farming practices like degradation of natural resources and stagnating crop yields. CA principles of no-tillage, soil cover with residue, and crop rotation can enhance productivity, protect resources, and help adapt to climate change. The document examines residue management options in Punjab like collection, incorporation, burning, and mulching. It provides details on machinery like happy seeders that can implement no-tillage and sowing through heavy crop residues. Data shows benefits of mulching over bare soil in reducing weeds, conserving moisture, and stabilizing soil temperature. The document advocates making farming systems sustainable by confronting issues like climate change through adoption of

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    136 views48 pages

    Residue Management Machinery For CA - Dr. H.S. Sidhu

    Uploaded by

    CSISA Project
    This document discusses residue management machinery for conservation agriculture (CA) in India. It addresses issues with current farming practices like degradation of natural resources and stagnating crop yields. CA principles of no-tillage, soil cover with residue, and crop rotation can enhance productivity, protect resources, and help adapt to climate change. The document examines residue management options in Punjab like collection, incorporation, burning, and mulching. It provides details on machinery like happy seeders that can implement no-tillage and sowing through heavy crop residues. Data shows benefits of mulching over bare soil in reducing weeds, conserving moisture, and stabilizing soil temperature. The document advocates making farming systems sustainable by confronting issues like climate change through adoption of

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 48

    Residue Management Machinery for CA

    Harminder Singh Sidhu


    Sr. Agricultural Engineer [email protected]

    An Agricultural Hub for the region - a vehicle for Second Green Revolution

    Machinery v/s Issues


    Degradation of Natural Resources (Soil, Water & Environment) Stagnation in the crop Yield Declining Farmers Income Scarcity of Farm Labor Mechanization for small Farmers Climate change Sustainability of Agriculture

    Conservation Agriculture
    Three Principles No/Minimum Tillage Soil Cover with residue Crop Rotation Three Benefits Enhanced Productivity Richer Resources Climate Adaptation

    <<<<<<<<<< Choosing Directions >>>>>>>>>


    Un-sustainbility can not be the option Systems need to be both biophysically and socio-economically sustainable. Sustainability also demands confronting climate change

    30

    15

    30

    Kilometers

    Rice Straw : 65-70% Rice Husk : 5-10% Wheat Straw : 10-15%

    Legend Biomass Intensity (t/ha) 2.000 - 5.000 5.001 - 7.000 7.001 - 9.000 9.001 - 12.000

    Total Surplus Crop Biomass in Punjab State

    POSSIBLE STRAW MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Collection Straw incorporation (most difficult) Burning Complete burning (mostly practiced) Partial burning Straw Mulch

    Mostly Practiced Rice Residue Management Technique

    PIL in High Court

    India

    5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
    50 250 1000 1950 5000

    Sowing Time Lag for different options

    25

    20

    22

    Time (days)

    15

    10

    8
    5

    0
    0
    Happy Seeder No-tillage Conventional Incorporation

    Custom hiring Cost for different options


    2500

    2450

    2000

    Cost (Rs/acre)

    1600
    1500

    1000

    900 575
    Happy seeder No-tillage Conventional Incorporation

    500

    Effect of residue management on soil temperature (5 cm)


    35 Temperature ( C) 30 Max. 25 Bare Mulch Mulch 15 Bare Mulch Bare
    o

    Min. 20

    10 18-Oct-03

    26-Oct-03

    3-Nov-03

    11-Nov-03

    19-Nov-03
    Sidhu et al. 2007

    Moisture conservation at different layers for mulched and un-mulched plots


    19 .0 17.0

    w ithout m ulch With m ulch

    Moisture content (%)

    15.0 13 .0 11.0 9 .0 7.0 5.0 7.5 15 30 60 90 12 0

    Depth of layers (cm)

    Weed matter growth in mulched and un-mulched plots


    0.5 With m ulch Without m ulch 0.4 0.3 0.2

    Quantity (t/ha)

    0.25 0.2

    With m ulch Without m ulch

    Quantity (t/ha)

    0.1 0 Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

    0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

    Plots

    Weed matter after 45 days of sowing

    Plots

    Weed matter after 90 days of sowing

    Wheat Phenology 2007-08


    Sowing Date- 13/11/2007
    Sow ing-Flow ering, 103

    Non-mulch

    Sow ing-Maturity, 148

    Germination

    Sowing-Flowering

    Sowing-Maturity

    Mulch

    Sow ing-Flow ering, 113

    Sow ing-Maturity, 154

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100 120

    140

    160

    180 200

    220

    240

    260 280

    300

    Source :Dr. Yadwinder Singh

    Quantity of Nutrient available in Rice Straw in one hectare

    140 120

    140
    100 quantity kg/ha 80 60 40

    39 6 11

    20 0
    N P K S

    Organic

    Value of Nutrient Lost in Burning Rice Straw per ha


    751
    800 700 600 500 Rs/ha 400 300 200 100 0 N P K S Total

    424 231 96 0

    Canopy temperature under various tillage option


    Wheat Varieties Canopy Temperature ( C ) Turbo Happy Zero till Conventional Rotoseeder Seeder 30.1 29.5 31.5 30.6 30.7 32.5 31.8 31.7 32.9 32.8 33.9 33.2

    DBW 17 PBW 550 HD 2894

    Average
    No. of observations

    30.37
    43

    31.27
    10

    32.13
    18

    33.30
    5

    Rice Residue Management

    Performance of wheat during last three conjunctive years Districts Year (locations) Yield (t/ha) CT HS % increase*

    4 2 12

    2007- 08 (46) 2008- 09 (14) 2009 -10 (94) Mean (154)

    4.59 4.34 4.35 4.46

    4.73 4.54 4.48 4.58

    3.02 4.61 3.15 3.20

    * Over conventional

    Rs 60000-65000 /ha

    Germination

    Moong Yield was 1.6 t/ha

    Can we apply Nitrogen mechanically in straw mulch ?

    10 Row Normal Turbo

    Happy Seeder

    22.5 cm

    Row Geometry of 10 row Turbo Happy Seeder along with five Discs for N Placement

    Front Row

    Rear Row

    Disc Row to apply Urea

    Urea Box

    Seed & DAP

    45 cm

    N- Management Trial x 8 locations


    Treatments: 100% N Basal 80% N Basal + One split 80% N Basal + According to Green seeker 50% N Basal + 2 Splits 50% N Basal + According to Green Seeker Recommended N Basal

    Can we run Happy seeder in wet rice straw ? Morning hrs

    New CA Seeder Prototype

    e idu s Re

    h us P

    er

    Ve r tine tical C utte r

    wit hZ

    New Zero Till Tyne

    Easy Seeder New CA Seeder Prototype

    Lot of changes are necessary to adopt conservation agriculture but the biggest change is in the mind.
    Franke Dijkstra Pioneer Brazilian zero tillage farmer. Started 35 years ago.

    Conservation Agriculture

    Agriculture of the Future Future of the Agriculture

    Thanks

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