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14 Fold

Folded Plate Folded Plate structures Cylindrical Shell beam compression / tension Buckling Ribs resist buckling edge buckling Curbs resist edge buckling Linear compositions 1 One-edge fold 2 Two-edge fold 3 Twin fold 4 folded roof and wall. Folding thin sheets of polyester provides strength, stiffness, and stability with minimum weight.

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Hammad Ahmed
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156 views16 pages

14 Fold

Folded Plate Folded Plate structures Cylindrical Shell beam compression / tension Buckling Ribs resist buckling edge buckling Curbs resist edge buckling Linear compositions 1 One-edge fold 2 Two-edge fold 3 Twin fold 4 folded roof and wall. Folding thin sheets of polyester provides strength, stiffness, and stability with minimum weight.

Uploaded by

Hammad Ahmed
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Folded Plate

Cylindrical Shell
Folded plate structures

Photo: Michael Bodycomb, 1977 Kimbell Art Museum, reproduced with permission

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Folded Plate

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Cylindrical Shell

Folded Plate
1 2 3 4 5 Beam compression/tension Buckling Ribs resist buckling Edge buckling Curbs resist edge buckling

Linear compositions 1 One-edge fold 2 Two-edge fold 3 Twin fold 4 Folded roof and wall

Other compositions 1 Triangular unit / composition 2 Square unit / composition 3 Hexagonal unit / composition

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Cylindrical Shell
Structural action 1-3 Bending/shear patterns 4-5 Bending/shear stress 6-7 Buckling 8-9 Buckling resisting walls/ribs

Skylight integration 1 Slanted skylights 2 Top skylights 3 Vertical skylight

Examples 1 Shells with skylight ends 2 Shells cantilever from beam 3 Shells of two-way cantilever

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Mining shelter Pomezia Italy Architect: Renzo Piano This shelter for sulfur mining was designed to allow moving it along with mining progress. A folded plate vault of reinforced polyester provides light weight to facilitate movement. Folding thin sheets of polyester provides strength, stiffness, and stability with minimum weight. Translucent polyester also provides natural lighting to save energy. Triangular windows at the base provide additional Lighting as and view to the outside.

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Air force Chapel, Colorado Springs Architect/Engineer: Skidmore Owings and Merill The air force chapel features: A folded plate of tubular steel A dramatic space of vertical dominance Two inclined triple tetrahedrons Concrete buttresses support gravity load and lateral thrust The tetrahedrons are glad with aluminum Stain glass windows close gaps between tetrahedrons

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Portable exhibit hall Architect/ Engineer: Santiago Calatrava The roof and wall of folded plate plywood was designed for easy assemblage. The parabolic form implies constant bending stress. Assume: plywood glued to ribs DL = 10 psf LL = 20 psf = 30 psf Uniform load w = 30 psf x (50/12) w = 125 plf Bending moment M = 26,266 # M = w L2/8 = 125x 412/8 Moment of Inertia I ~ (BD3-bd3)/36 I ~ 3360 in4 I ~ (50x243-47.2x22.83)/36 Top panel stress (most relevant effects full top panel) fb=M c1/I=26266x12x8/3360 fb = 750 psi Extreme fiber stress @ bottom fb = 1500 psi fb=M c2/I=26266x12x16/3360
Folded plate structures Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 7

b=50 d=24 C1=8 C2=16 L=41

Train station Savona, Italy Architect: Antonio Nervi Engineer: Pier Luigi Nervi The 38x75m folded plate roof provides column-free space Inclined rebars resist longitudinal shear stress and plate bending stress. Folded plates stabilize adjacent plates against buckling. Tendons at the folded plate base resist bending stress. Tendons on top resist overhang bending stress.

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

w=0.4 klf

L=90

C=30

X=40

b=7.5 a z=4.8 d=6

Section A-A
Folded plate structures

Assume: 0.6 tendons, design load DL = 68 psf (average) LL = 12 psf = 80 psf Uniform load per unit (see A-A) w = 80 psf x7.5/1000 Reactions Rl = 0.6x120x30/90 Rr = 0.6x120x60/90 X = Rll / w = 24/0.6 Max. bending moment Max. M = RaX/2 =24x40/2 Z = 0.8d ~0.8(6) Tendon tension T = M/Z = 480/4.8 Number of tendons required # = T/P= 100/35 =2.86 Use 3 tendons Note: a Concrete compression block d Effective depth (rebar center to top) Z Lever arm of resisting moment
Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

P = 35 k

w = 0.6 klf Rl = 24 k Rr = 48 k X = 40 M = 480 k z ~ 4.8 T = 100 k 3 0.6

Science & Industry Museum Los Angeles


Architect: California State Architect Office Engineer: T Y Lin

Assume: 0.6 tendons, design load DL = 81 psf (concrete + roofing) LL = 12 psf = 93 psf Uniform load per shell w = 93 psf x21.5/1000 Max. bending (at mid support) M = w L2/12 = 2x712/12 Lever arm Z ~ 0.85 d ~ 0.85x7 Tendon tension T = M / Z = 840 / 6 Number of tendons required # = T / P = 140 / 35 = 4 Use 4 tendons

P = 35 k

w = 2 klf M = 840 k Z ~ 6 T = 140 k 4 0.6

Tendon tension

d
Concrete compression

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

10

Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth Architect: Louis Kahn Engineer: Kommendant The Kimbell Art Museum features: Recessed main entrance Two gallery wings, one on each side of entry Atriums within gallery wings 16 modules, 30x100 each Cycloid cross-sections (point on moving wheel) Post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete Inverted Us between cycloids for ducts & pipes Linear skylight with deflectors to project daylight onto the cycloids

Photos: Michael Bodycomb, 1977 Kimbell Art Museum, reproduced with permission
Folded plate structures Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 11

Oceanographic Center Valencia


Architect/Engineer: Santiago Calatrava

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

12

Tempodrom Berlin 2001 Architect: GMP


Photo: Tomas Schmidt Concrete folded plate, designed to represent a tent, as the original tent structure of 1980 it replaced

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

13

Yokohama Terminal
Architect: Moussavi & Zaera-Polo

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

14

Yokohama Terminal

Folded plate structures

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

15

Folded Plate
Study the cylindrical shell across the Rose Garden

Cylindrical Shell
Folded plate structures

Photo: Michael Bodycomb, 1977 Kimbell Art Museum, reproduced with permission 16

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

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