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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

Abstract
Nowadays website becomes an essential part of every profession. Website makes strong impact on the image of your company. It is very important when you are more concern about exploring your business worldwide. The success of website depends upon effective and efficient web designing. The web designing is the spirit of website and solely depends upon the layout, structure and compilation of companys content. Each of the websites planned in a precise manner to cater specific need. The web designing holds the key and important aspect of conducting global business. Based on the requirements of the company website can be made in static or dynamic depending on the nature of the site.

Dynamic pages are the pages that change dynamically. Dynamic pages can change every time when they are loaded without making any changes. Dynamic web pages can also change their content based on what user do, like clicking on some text or an image. If the information stored in the database changes, the web page connected to the database change accordingly and automatically without human intervention. Dynamic sites are great for image galleries, online calendars or e-commerce etc. Further on the requirement of your company you can choose from two ways for creating dynamic websites. .

Introduction
The characteristic feature of dynamic website is the compartmentalization of the content and design. Its 'dynamism' lies in its vibrancy and interactivity, both in client-side scripting and service-side scripting. Dynamic website evolved from Static website. Therefore, in order to understand dynamic website you have to understand normal web pages. Typical non-dynamic or static web pages do not change every time the page is loaded into the browser, not even when a user clicks on a button. The only change that you will see in static pages is you can very well observe them loading and unloading, like what happens when you click on a hyper link. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

Using client-side scripting to change interface behaviors within a specific web page, in response to mouse or keyboard actions or at specified timing events. In this case the dynamic behavior occurs within the presentation.

Using server-side scripting to change the supplied page source between pages, adjusting the sequence or reload of the web pages or web content supplied to the browser. Server responses may be determined by such conditions as data in a posted HTML form parameters in the URL. The type of browser being used is the passage of time, a database or server state. There are several advantages of dynamic website that benefits your company in number of ways. The first and foremost advantage of dynamic website is that it make large site practical and easy in maintenance. For instance if you have company templates that pulls contents from database then you have to update menu links in one place and it is updated across the site. But with simple static HTML pages you have to update everywhere. There can be number of ways to maintain and update website but the concept of dynamic website remain the foremost method to website upgrading. We at Roseindia design website that not only easy to handle but also serve your purpose. Our web designer experts provide range of web design based on your selection, purpose and nature of your business. Here are some of the advantages of a dynamic website:

Content Management System (CMS): If your company has lots of information such as news, events, happenings, innovation or products that you want to share with the world. Then dynamic website is the best way to update your website regularly without paying much.

E- Commerce site - In the online business, the dynamic website is cheaper, easier and the best option to sell your products online. With dynamic website you can take your orders and updates your products in very convenient ways.

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

Members database- Dynamic website allows people to manage information throughout the websites by using your administration interface. The dynamic website also helps users in easy login to sites.

Deliver information to a wider audience- Dynamic websites helps in storing of information in database in more potential way. This also helps in data delivery in accessible format or using RSS..

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

History of PHP
PHP as it's known today is actually the successor to a product named PHP/FI. Created in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf, the very first incarnation of PHP was a simple set of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) binaries written in the C programming language. Originally used for tracking visits to his online resume, he named the suite of scripts "Personal Home Page Tools," more frequently referenced as "PHP Tools." Over time, more functionality was desired, and Rasmus rewrote PHP Tools, producing a much larger and richer implementation. This new model was capable of database interaction and more, providing a framework upon which users could develop simple dynamic web applications such as guestbooks. In June of 1995, Rasmus released the source code for PHP Tools to the public, which allowed developers to use it as they saw fit. This also permitted - and encouraged - users to provide fixes for bugs in the code, and to generally improve upon it.

Overview of PHP
This section provides an introduction to the options available to you when developing a PHP application that needs to interact with a MySQL database. What is an API? An Application Programming Interface, or API, defines the classes, methods, functions and variables that your application will need to call in order to carry out its desired task. In the case of PHP applications that need to communicate with databases the necessary APIs are usually exposed via PHP extensions. APIs can be procedural or object-oriented. With a procedural API you call functions to carry out tasks, with the object-oriented API you instantiate classes and then call methods on the resulting objects. Of the two the latter is usually the preferred interface, as it is more modern and leads to better organised code. When writing PHP applications that need to connect to the MySQL server there are several API options available. This document discusses what is available and how to select the best solution for your application. What is a Connector?

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

In the MySQL documentation, the term connector refers to a piece of software that allows your application to connect to the MySQL database server. MySQL provides connectors for a variety of languages, including PHP. If your PHP application needs to communicate with a database server you will need to write PHP code to perform such activities as connecting to the database server, querying the database and other database-related functions. Software is required to provide the API that your PHP application will use, and also handle the communication between your application and the database server, possibly using other intermediate libraries where necessary. This software is known generically as a connector, as it allows your application to connect to a database server. What is a Driver? A driver is a piece of software designed to communicate with a specific type of database server. The driver may also call a library, such as the MySQL Client Library or the MySQL Native Driver. These libraries implement the low-level protocol used to communicate with the MySQL database server. By way of an example, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) database abstraction layer may use one of several database-specific drivers. One of the drivers it has available is the PDO MYSQL driver, which allows it to interface with the MySQL server. Sometimes people use the terms connector and driver interchangeably, this can be confusing. In the MySQL-related documentation the term "driver" is reserved for software that provides the database-specific part of a connector package. What is an Extension? In the PHP documentation you will come across another term - extension. The PHP code consists of a core, with optional extensions to the core functionality. PHP's MySQL-related extensions, such as the mysqli extension, and the mysql extension, are implemented using the PHP extension framework. An extension typically exposes an API to the PHP programmer, to allow its facilities to be used programmatically. However, some extensions which use the PHP extension framework do not expose an API to the PHP programmer. The PDO MySQL driver extension, for example, does not expose an API to the PHP programmer, but provides an interface to the PDO layer above it. The terms API and extension should not be taken to mean the same thing, as an extension may not necessarily expose an API to the programmer. What are the main PHP API offerings for using MySQL? There are three main API options when considering connecting to a MySQL database server: Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

PHP's MySQL Extension PHP's mysqli Extension PHP Data Objects (PDO)

Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The following discussion aims to give a brief introduction to the key aspects of each API. What is PHP's MySQL Extension? This is the original extension designed to allow you to develop PHP applications that interact with a MySQL database. The mysql extension provides a procedural interface and is intended for use only with MySQL versions older than 4.1.3. This extension can be used with versions of MySQL 4.1.3 or newer, but not all of the latest MySQL server features will be available. Note: If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is strongly recommended that you use the mysqli extension instead. The mysql extension source code is located in the PHP extension directory ext/mysql. For further information on the mysql extension, see Mysql. What is PHP's mysqli Extension? The mysqli extension, or as it is sometimes known, the MySQL improved extension, was developed to take advantage of new features found in MySQL systems versions 4.1.3 and newer. The mysqli extension is included with PHP versions 5 and later. The mysqli extension has a number of benefits, the key enhancements over the mysql extension being:

Object-oriented interface Support for Prepared Statements Support for Multiple Statements Support for Transactions Enhanced debugging capabilities Embedded server support

Note: If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is strongly recommended that you use this extension. As well as the object-oriented interface the extension also provides a procedural interface. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

The mysqli extension is built using the PHP extension framework, its source code is located in the directory ext/mysqli. For further information on the mysqli extension, see Mysqli. What is PDO? PHP Data Objects, or PDO, is a database abstraction layer specifically for PHP applications. PDO provides a consistent API for your PHP application regardless of the type of database server your application will connect to. In theory, if you are using the PDO API, you could switch the database server you used, from say Firebird to MySQL, and only need to make minor changes to your PHP code. Other examples of database abstraction layers include JDBC for Java applications and DBI for Perl. While PDO has its advantages, such as a clean, simple, portable API, its main disadvantage is that it doesn't allow you to use all of the advanced features that are available in the latest versions of MySQL server. For example, PDO does not allow you to use MySQL's support for Multiple Statements. PDO is implemented using the PHP extension framework, its source code is located in the directory ext/pdo. For further information on PDO, see the PDO. What is the PDO MYSQL driver? The PDO MYSQL driver is not an API as such, at least from the PHP programmer's perspective. In fact the PDO MYSQL driver sits in the layer below PDO itself and provides MySQL-specific functionality. The programmer still calls the PDO API, but PDO uses the PDO MYSQL driver to carry out communication with the MySQL server. The PDO MYSQL driver is one of several available PDO drivers. Other PDO drivers available include those for the Firebird and PostgreSQL database servers. The PDO MYSQL driver is implemented using the PHP extension framework. Its source code is located in the directory ext/pdo_mysql. It does not expose an API to the PHP programmer. For further information on the PDO MYSQL driver, see MySQL (PDO). What is PHP's MySQL Native Driver? In order to communicate with the MySQL database server the mysql extension, mysqli and the PDO MYSQL driver each use a low-level library that implements the required protocol. In the past, the only available library was the MySQL Client Library, otherwise known as libmysql. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

However, the interface presented by libmysql was not optimized for communication with PHP applications, as libmysql was originally designed with C applications in mind. For this reason the MySQL Native Driver, mysqlnd, was developed as an alternative to libmysql for PHP applications. The mysql extension, the mysqli extension and the PDO MySQL driver can each be individually configured to use either libmysql or mysqlnd. As mysqlnd is designed specifically to be utilised in the PHP system it has numerous memory and speed enhancements over libmysql. You are strongly encouraged to take advantage of these improvements. Note: The MySQL Native Driver can only be used with MySQL server versions 4.1.3 and later. The MySQL Native Driver is implemented using the PHP extension framework. The source code is located in ext/mysqlnd. It does not expose an API to the PHP programmer. Comparison of Features The following table compares the functionality of the three main methods of connecting to MySQL from PHP: PHP's mysqli Extension PHP version introduced Included with PHP 5.x 5.0 yes Active MySQL development status development Recommended by MySQL Yes - preferred for new projects option API supports Charsets Yes API supports server-side Yes Prepared Statements API supports client-side No Prepared Statements API supports Stored Yes Procedures API supports Multiple Yes Statements Supports all MySQL 4.1+ Yes functionality . PDO (Using PDO MySQL Driver and MySQL Native Driver) 5.0 yes Active development as of PHP 5.3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Most Most PHP's MySQL Extension Prior to 3.0 Yes Maintenance only No No No No No No No

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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Benefit of PHP
Because the server does processing, the output of PHP files changes when its input changes. For example, most of the pages on the Horticulture site have only two (2) PHP commands: 1. Include the header file that defines the links on the left, the banner, and the quick links at the top. 2. Include the footer file that displays the mission statement and Horticulture contact information. Because including the files is performed everytime the PHP file is accessed, when the header/footer files change, the new content will be immediately updated. In other words, if you add a new link, every page that includes the header will immediately display the new link

Syntax of PHP
Below is an example of one of the easiest PHP and HTML page that you can create and still follow web standards.

PHP and HTML Code:

<html> <head> <title>My First PHP Page</title> </head> <body> A PHP script always starts with <?php and ends with ?>. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. On servers with shorthand-support, you can start a PHP script with <? and end with ?>. For maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the standard form (<?php) rather than the shorthand form. A PHP file must have a .php extension. A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another. There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print. In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text "Hello World" <?php echo "Hello World!"; ?> </body> </html>

Comments in PHP
In PHP, we use // to make a one-line comment or /* and */ to make a comment block:

all syntax: <? php if($true) { echo "true"; } else { Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

echo "false"; } ?> <?php if($true) echo "true"; else echo "false"; ?> <?php if($true): echo "true"; else echo "false"; endif; ?>

PHP Variables
As with algebra, PHP variables are used to hold values or expressions. A variable can have a short name, like x, or a more descriptive name, like carName. Rules for PHP variable names:

Variables in PHP starts with a $ sign, followed by the name of the variable The variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _) A variable name should not contain spaces Variable names are case sensitive (y and Y are two different variables)

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables

PHP has no command for declaring a variable. A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it: $myCar="Volvo"; After the execution of the statement above, the variable myCar will hold the value Volvo. Tip: If you want to create a variable without assigning it a value, then you assign it the value of null. Let's create a variable containing a string, and a variable containing a number: <?php $txt="Hello World!"; $x=16; ?>

PHP is a Loosely Typed Language

In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it. In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which data type the variable is. PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value. In a strongly typed programming language, you have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it.

PHP Variable Scope

The scope of a variable is the portion of the script in which the variable can be referenced. PHP has four different variable scopes:

local global

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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static parameter A variable declared within a PHP function is local and can only be accessed within that function. (the variable has local scope): <?php $a = 5; // global scope function myTest() { echo $a; // local scope } myTest(); ?> The script above will not produce any output because the echo statement refers to the local scope variable $a, which has not been assigned a value within this scope. You can have local variables with the same name in different functions, because local variables are only recognized by the function in which they are declared. Local variables are deleted as soon as the function is completed.

Local Scope

Global Scope

Global scope refers to any variable that is defined outside of any function. Global variables can be accessed from any part of the script that is not inside a function. To access a global variable from within a function, use the global keyword: <?php $a = 5; $b = 10; function myTest() { global $a, $b; $b = $a + $b; } myTest(); echo $b; ?> The script above will output 15. PHP also stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index]. Its index is the name of the variable. This array is also accessible from within functions and can be used to update global variables directly.

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PG Dept of-MCA

The example above can be rewritten as this: <?php $a = 5; $b = 10; function myTest() { $GLOBALS['b'] = $GLOBALS['a'] + $GLOBALS['b']; } myTest(); echo $b; ?>

Static Scope

When a function is completed, all of its variables are normally deleted. However, sometimes you want a local variable to not be deleted. To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the variable: static $rememberMe; Then, each time the function is called, that variable will still have the information it contained from the last time the function was called. Note: The variable is still local to the function.

Parameters

A parameter is a local variable whose value is passed to the function by the calling code. Parameters are declared in a parameter list as part of the function declaration: function myTest($para1,$para2,...) { // function code } Parameters are also called arguments. We will discuss them in more detail when we talk about functions.

A string variable is used to store and manipulate text. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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String Variables in PHP

String variables are used for values that contain characters. In this chapter we are going to look at the most common functions and operators used to manipulate strings in PHP. After we create a string we can manipulate it. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable. Below, the PHP script assigns the text "Hello World" to a string variable called $txt: <?php $txt="Hello World"; echo $txt; ?> The output of the code above will be: Hello World Now, lets try to use some different functions and operators to manipulate the string.

The Concatenation Operator

There is only one string operator in PHP. The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together. To concatenate two string variables together, use the concatenation operator: <?php $txt1="Hello World!"; $txt2="What a nice day!"; echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2; ?> The output of the code above will be: Hello World! What a nice day! If we look at the code above you see that we used the concatenation operator two times. This is because we had to insert a third string (a space character), to separate the two strings. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PG Dept of-MCA

The strlen() function

The strlen() function is used to return the length of a string. Let's find the length of a string: <?php echo strlen("Hello world!"); ?> The output of the code above will be: 12 The length of a string is often used in loops or other functions, when it is important to know when the string ends. (i.e. in a loop, we would want to stop the loop after the last character in the string).

The strpos() function

The strpos() function is used to search for a character/text within a string. If a match is found, this function will return the character position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE. Let's see if we can find the string "world" in our string: <? php echo strops("Hello world!","world"); ?> The output of the code above will be: 6 The position of the string "world" in the example above is 6. The reason that it is 6 (and not 7), is that the first character position in the string is 0, and not 1.

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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PHP DATA BASE CONNECTIVITY

The free MySQL database is very often used with PHP.

Create a Connection to a MySQL Database

Before you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the database. In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.

MySQL is a database. The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products", "Customers" and "Orders".

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data. Below is an example of a table called "Persons": LastName Hansen Svendson Pettersen FirstName Ola Tove Kari Address Timoteivn 10 Borgvn 23 Storgt 20 City Sandnes Sandnes Stavanger

The table above contains three records (one for each person) and four columns (LastName, FirstName, Address, and City).

Queries
A query is a question or a request. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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With MySQL, we can query a database for specific information and have a recordset returned. Look at the following query: SELECT LastName FROM Persons The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the "Persons" table, and will return a recordset like this: LastName Hansen Svendson Pettersen

Download MySQL Database

If you don't have a PHP server with a MySQL Database, you can download MySQL for free here: http://www.mysql.com/downloads/

Facts About MySQL Database

One great thing about MySQL is that it can be scaled down to support embedded database applications. Perhaps it is because of this reputation that many people believe that MySQL can only handle small to medium-sized systems. The truth is that MySQL is the de-facto standard database for web sites that support huge volumes of both data and end users (like Friendster, Yahoo, Google). Look at http://www.mysql.com/customers/ for an overview of companies using MySQL.

Syntax
mysql_connect(servername,username,password); Parameter servername username password Description Optional. Specifies the server to connect to. Default value is "localhost:3306" Optional. Specifies the username to log in with. Default value is the name of the user that owns the server process Optional. Specifies the password to log in with. Default is ""

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Note: There are more available parameters, but the ones listed above are the most important. Visit our full PHP MySQL Reference for more details.

Example
In the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in the script. The "die" part will be executed if the connection fails: <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); if (!$con) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } // some code ?>

Closing a Connection
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The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before, use the mysql_close() function: <?php $con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123"); if (!$con) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } // some code mysql_close($con); ?> Here goes a sample code in full <?php $username = "your_name"; $password = "your_password"; $hostname = "localhost"; //connection to the database $dbhandle = mysql_connect($hostname, $username, $password) or die("Unable to connect to MySQL"); echo "Connected to MySQL<br>"; //select a database to work with $selected = mysql_select_db("examples",$dbhandle) or die("Could not select examples"); //execute the SQL query and return records $result = mysql_query("SELECT id, model,year FROM cars"); //fetch tha data from the database while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "ID:".$row{'id'}." Name:".$row{'model'}."Year: ". //display the results $row{'year'}."<br>"; } //close the connection mysql_close($dbhandle); ?>

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MySQL Connector/J is flexible in the way it handles conversions between MySQL data types and Java data types. In general, any MySQL data type can be converted to a java.lang.String, and any numeric type can be converted to any of the Java numeric types, although round-off, overflow, or loss of precision may occur. Starting with Connector/J 3.1.0, the JDBC driver will issue warnings or throw DataTruncation exceptions as is required by the JDBC specification unless the connection was configured not to do so by using the property jdbcCompliantTruncation and setting it to false. The conversions that are always guaranteed to work are listed in the following table: Connection Properties - Miscellaneous. These MySQL Data Types
CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, TEXT, ENUM, and SET FLOAT, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, NUMERIC, DECIMAL, TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, INTEGER, BIGINT DATE, TIME, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP

Can always be converted to these Java types

java.lang.String, java.io.InputStream, java.io.Reader, java.sql.Blob, java.sql.Clob java.lang.String, java.lang.Short, java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Long, java.lang.Double, java.math.BigDecimal java.lang.String, java.sql.Date, java.sql.Timestamp

Note Round-off, overflow or loss of precision may occur if you choose a Java numeric data type that has less precision or capacity than the MySQL data type you are converting to/from. The ResultSet.getObject() method uses the type conversions between MySQL and Java types, following the JDBC specification where appropriate. The value returned by ResultSetMetaData.GetColumnClassName() is also shown below. For more information on the java.sql.Types classes see Java 2 Platform Types. MySQL Types to Java Types for ResultSet.getObject(). MySQL Type Name Return value of
GetColumnClassName

Returned as Java Class

java.lang.Boolean byte[] java.lang.Boolean if the configuration property tinyInt1isBit is set to true (the

BIT(1) (new in MySQL-5.0) BIT BIT( > 1) (new in MySQLBIT 5.0) TINYINT TINYINT

default) and the storage size is 1, or java.lang.Integer if not.

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MySQL Type Name BOOL, BOOLEAN SMALLINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] MEDIUMINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] INT,INTEGER[(M)] [UNSIGNED]

Return value of
GetColumnClassName

Returned as Java Class See TINYINT, above as these are aliases for TINYINT(1), currently. java.lang.Integer (regardless if UNSIGNED or not) java.lang.Integer, if UNSIGNED java.lang.Long (C/J 3.1 and earlier), or java.lang.Integer for C/J 5.0 and later
java.lang.Integer, if UNSIGNED java.lang.Long

TINYINT SMALLINT [UNSIGNED] MEDIUMINT [UNSIGNED] INTEGER [UNSIGNED]

BIGINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] BIGINT [UNSIGNED] java.lang.Long, if UNSIGNED java.math.BigInteger FLOAT[(M,D)] DOUBLE[(M,B)] DECIMAL[(M[,D])] DATE DATETIME TIMESTAMP[(M)] TIME FLOAT DOUBLE DECIMAL DATE DATETIME TIMESTAMP TIME
java.lang.Float java.lang.Double java.math.BigDecimal java.sql.Date java.sql.Timestamp java.sql.Timestamp java.sql.Time

YEAR[(2|4)]

YEAR

CHAR(M)

CHAR

VARCHAR(M) [BINARY] VARCHAR BINARY(M) VARBINARY(M) TINYBLOB TINYTEXT BLOB TEXT MEDIUMBLOB MEDIUMTEXT BINARY VARBINARY TINYBLOB VARCHAR BLOB VARCHAR MEDIUMBLOB VARCHAR

If yearIsDateType configuration property is set to false, then the returned object type is java.sql.Short. If set to true (the default) then an object of type java.sql.Date (with the date set to January 1st, at midnight). java.lang.String (unless the character set for the column is BINARY, then byte[] is returned. java.lang.String (unless the character set for the column is BINARY, then byte[] is returned.
byte[] byte[] byte[] java.lang.String byte[] java.lang.String byte[] java.lang.String

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MySQL Type Name LONGBLOB LONGTEXT ENUM('value1','value2',...) SET('value1','value2',...)

Return value of
GetColumnClassName

Returned as Java Class

byte[] java.lang.String java.lang.String java.lang.String

LONGBLOB VARCHAR CHAR CHAR

MySQL Connectors
MySQL provides standards-based drivers for JDBC, ODBC, and .Net enabling developers to build database applications in their language of choice. In addition, a native C library allows developers to embed MySQL directly into their applications.

ADO.NET Driver for MySQL (Connector/NET ODBC Driver for MySQL (Connector/ODBC) JDBC Driver for MySQL (Connector/J) C++ Driver for MySQL (Connector/C++) C Driver for MySQL (Connector/C) C API for MySQL (mysqlclient)

PHP Drivers for MySQL

(mysqli, ext/mysqli, PDO_MYSQLND, PHP_MYSQLND) Perl Driver for MySQL (DBD::mysql) Python Driver for MySQL (MySQLdb)

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Ruby Driver for MySQL (DBD::MySQL) Ruby Driver for MySQL (ruby-mysql) C++ Wrapper for MySQL C API (MySQL++)

a) Existing System
Existing frameworks typically assume the resources they manage consist of a static set of homogeneous compute nodes. Although designed to deal with individual nodes failures, they consider the number of available machines to be constant, especially when scheduling the processing jobs execution.

b) Proposed System
Existing frameworks typically assume the resources they manage consist of a static set of homogeneous compute nodes. Although designed to deal with individual nodes failures, they consider the number of available machines to be constant, especially when scheduling the processing jobs execution. The Proposed data processing framework includes the possibility of dynamically allocating/de allocating different information via dynamic website in its scheduling and during job execution. .

Feasibility Study
Feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on organization ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources.

Technical Feasibility

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Technical Feasibility centers on the existing computer system (hardware, software, etc) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition. The proposed system can be implemented with the existing technology with few changes easily. 1. Requires very less memory space for storage. 2. Takes care of network security such as authentication. 3. Uses existing network(Internet).

Economical Feasibility
Economic feasibility means expenditure incurred for developing the new system is cost effective. 1. No investment on any new infrastructure. 2. No investments on software required. 3. No additional specification on equipment required .

Operational Feasibility
Behavioral feasibility centers on the reaction of user staff is likely to have towards the development of proposed system. 1. No special training required. 2. Immediate response saves time.

System Requirements Specification Functional requirements

Functional Requirements are those that refer to the functionality of the system, i.e., what services it will provide to the user. Nonfunctional (supplementary) requirements pertain to other information needed to produce the correct system and are detailed separately.

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1. The System should achieve the purpose of automating a clinic globally.

2. Remote clients should be able to access the site so that they can perform the intended task. 3. User will register by creating an account. 4. Once the account is created, he can login. 5. The user will get access to patient register and also to the clinical record/database 6. The patient record will automatically get updated to clinic record. 7. Prescritption happens by accessing the record stored in the clinic database, which is nothing but individual patient record.

Non functional requirements

These are requirements that are not functional in nature, that is, these are constraints within which the system must work. 1) The program must be self-contained so that it can easily be moved from one Computer to another. It is assumed that visual studio will be available on the computer on which the program resides. 2) Capacity, scalability and availability. The system shall achieve 100 per cent availability at all times. The system shall be scalable to support additional clients and volunteers. 3) Maintainability. The system should be optimized for supportability, or ease of maintenance as far as possible. This may be achieved through the use documentation of coding standards, naming conventions, class libraries and abstraction. 4) Randomness, verifiability and load balancing.

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The system should be optimized for supportability, or ease of maintenance as far as possible. This may be achieved through the use documentation of coding standards, naming conventions, class libraries and abstraction. It should have randomness to check the nodes and should be load balanced.

User Characteristics
User will register by creating an account.Once the account is created, he can login.

Output Requirements
TaskMembers should process the assigned task and should sent the processed result back to the client.

Input Requirements
The input is File containing Website url & depth

Following are the Hardware and Software requirements of this System

Hardware Requirements
Our system is intended to work on all Pentium machines, which run Microsoft Windows 7 Operating System. The basic hardware requirements are as follows: Pentium Machine Any electronic device which has access to and can browse internet such as PDAs , mobile phones, Tablet PC, laptopss or desktops. Networks i.e. Internet, Server Space, LAN

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RAM of 128 Mb and above Hard disk with capacity of 20 Gb and above

Software Requirements
An operating System running inside the device. Apache, PHP and My SQL Server. A Web Browser TCP/IP Protocol A domain name where the applications can be accessed

System Design and Specification

a) Introduction The overall architecture of the system is determined during the system design stage. The system is organized into sub systems. The overall decisions are made about inter process communication, data storage and implementation the dynamic model. A subsystem will be designed in each iteration. The term Design can be defined as the process of planning new information or business system or the replacement of the existing system to meet the requirements.

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The design of an information system produces the details that state how a system will meet the requirements identified during system analysis. This often referred as logical design. System analysis begins the design process by identifying reports and other output the system will produce. The design will also specify the data to be input. The detailed design then passed onto the programming staff for development of the software. The system designer before starting design of the new or improving the system must analyze many facts as follows. Learn the details of the systems as well as procedures currently in the place if the System is being needed to be replaced. Develop insight into future demands of the organization as a result of growth, added completion in market place, changing consumer needs, evolving financial structure, the introduction of new technology, government regulatory changes, and other changes.

Documents the detailed features of the new system that allow others to understand its Components, doing so in a manner that will allow the development of the new system to be managed.

To analyze the facts about the existing system or the existing condition and situation or develop a new or improved system generally analyst do the following things: Preliminary investigation. Determination of new system requirements. Structured analysis

The potential objects are thoroughly analyzed. Class hierarchies are identified to check whether the system is behaving the way it has to. There after the classes are individually tested and subsequently they are integrated to form the overall system. Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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The following diagrams that we have been used in performance analyzer system are as follows.

Flow chart DFD(Data Flow Diagram)

b) Logical and Physical Design The Logical Design of a system pertains to an abstract representation of the data flows, inputs and outputs of the system. This is often conducted via modeling, which involves a simplistic (and sometimes graphical) representation of an actual system. In the context of a system design, modeling can undertake the following forms, including:
Flow chart E-R Diagram DFD(Data Flow Diagram)

Logical Design is used to explore the domain concepts, and their relationships, of your problem domain. This could be done for the scope of a single project or for our entire enterprise.

Logical Design depict the logical entity types, typically referred to simply as entity types the data attributes describing those entities, and the relationships between the entities. They are rarely used on Agile projects although often are on traditional projects (where they rarely seem to add much value in practice).

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The physical Design relates to the actual input and output process of the system. This is laid down in terms of how data is inputted into a system, how it is verified /authenticated, how it is processed, and how it is displayed as output.

Physical Design, in this context, does not refer to the tangible physical design of an information system. To use an analogy, a personal computers physical design involves input via a keyboard, processing within the CPU, and output via a monitor, printer, etc.

Flow Chart

Login

No

Is login informatio n correct

Yes

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Data Flow Diagram

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User will register by creating an account. Once the account is created, he can login. The user will get access to patient register and also to the clinical record/database The patient record will automatically get updated to clinic record.

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Prescription happens by accessing the record stored in the clinic database, which is nothing but individual patient record.

A backup for the clinic record will be created which is stored on the back up DB.

Patient registration will go to the patient DB which can access data to and from.

Once a prescription is being made it will go to the prescription DB

ER Diagram

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Entity user has login and password Entiy user is having do relationship to login, which represents the action login.

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User has a relationship write to entity test and a relationship give to the entity prescription respectively.

The main entity clinic management system has the following relationships Take relationship with backup entity. do relationship with patient entity.do represents the action of the clinic to access the patient record Give relationship with prescription entity write relationship with test entity clinic management entity has password and login

Use case Diagram

application

receives results Informatio n Storage

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Class Diagram

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Modules
The project is divided into 4 major modules 1. Dynamic Website 2. Login module 3. Medical center management 4. Patient and Disease management

1.

Dynamic Website Includes the designing of the web pages aesthetically. Setting up and automating the basic requirements for a dynamic website. Making the web pages user friendly to ease the clinical process and for better understanding

2.

Login Module This consists of creating the users who can access to the medical centers. User registration process comes under this module Registered users will be given access to the remote database

3.

Medical center management This module includes setting up of medical centers Adding the no .of medical centers required to the application. Associating the users created with the medical centers

4.

Patient and Disease management Patients addition to this database is happening in this module. Diseases and medicines will also be added to the system. Once the disease is identified for a particular patient, prescription is being issued from the prescription database which is nothing but the medicine information from the database

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Testing
Software testing can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software product. It should meet the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development. It should works as expected It can be implemented with the same characteristics. Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. However, most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted Functional testing refers to tests that verify a specific action or function of the code. These are usually found in the code requirements documentation. Non-functional testing refers to aspects of the software that may not be related to a specific function or user action, such as scalability or security. Testing is a critical element which assures quality and effectiveness of the proposed system in (satisfying) meeting its objectives. Testing is done at various stages in the System designing and implementation process with an objective of developing an transparent, flexible and secured system.

Testing Objectives
o Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. o A good case is one that has a high probability of finding an undiscovered error. o A successful test is one that uncovers a yet undiscovered error. If testingis conducted successfully (according to the objectives) it will uncover errors in the software. Testing Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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can't show the absences of defects are present. It can only show that software defects are present.

Testing Principles
Before applying methods to design effective test cases, a software engineer must understand the basic principles that guide software testing. o All tests should be traceable to customer requirements.

Testing Design
Any engineering product can be tested in one of two ways:

White box Testing

This testing is also called as glass box testing. In this testing, by knowing the specified function that a product has been designed to perform test can be conducted that demonstrates each function is fully operation at the same time searching for errors in each function. It is a test case design method that uses the control structure of the procedural design to derive test cases. Basis path testing is a white box testing.

Black box Testing

In this testing by knowing the internal operation of a product, tests can be conducted to ensure that "all gears mesh", that is the internal operation performs according to specification and all internal components have been adequately exercised. It fundamentally focuses on the functional requirements of the software.

The steps involved in black box test case design are

o o Graph based testing methods Equivalence partitioning

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o o

Boundary value analysis Comparison testing

Testing Strategies
A software testing strategy provides a road map for the software developer. Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted systematically. For this reason a template for software testing a set of steps into which we can place specific test case design methods should be defined for software engineering process.

Any software testing strategy should have the following characteristics:

o o o Testing begins at the module level and works "outward" toward the integration Of the entire computer based system. Different testing techniques are appropriate at different points in time. The developer of the software and an independent test group conducts testing. Accommodated in any

Testing and Debugging are different activities but debugging must be testing strategy. a) Unit Testing

Unit testing verification on the smallest unit of software designs the module. The unit test is always white box oriented. The system has been tested for each and every individual unit, it has satisfied the unit testing strategy. Some of the test cases are given below Test case 1 checking whether the input details are correct or not This can be checked when the message box is displayed. Result - Test successful according to the standards

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Test case 2 checking whether the access to the clinic is authorized or not . This can be tested by pressing submit button. Result Test successful according to the standards Test case 3 Sending database access request Result: Test successful according to the standards

Integration Testing
Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing.

There are three types of integration testing:

1. Top-Down Integration: Top down integration is an incremental approach to Construction of program structures. Modules are integrated by moving down wards the control hierarchy beginning with the main control module. 2. 3. Bottom-Up Integration: Bottom up integration as its name implies, begins Construction Regression Testing: In this contest of an integration test strategy, regression testing is re and testing with automatic modules. execution of some subset of test that have already been conducted to ensure that changes have not propagated unintended side effects.

Validation Testing
At the culmination of integration testing, software is completely assembled as a package; interfacing errors have been ~covered and corrected, and a final series of software tests - validation testing may begin. Validation can be fined in many ways, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds when software functions in a manner that can be reasonably expected by the customer. Reasonable expectation is defined in the software requirement specification - a document that Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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describes all user-visible attributes of the software. The specification contains a section titled "Validation Criteria". Information contained in that section forms the basis for a validation testing approach. Alpha Testing It is virtually impossible for a software developer to foresee how the customer will really use a program. Instructions for use may be misinterpreted; strange combination of data may be regularly used; and output that seemed clear to the tester may be unintelligible to a user in the field. When custom software is built for one customer, a series of acceptance tests are conducted to enable the customer to validate all requirements. Conducted by the end user rather than the system developer, an acceptance test can range from an informal "test drive" to a planned and systematically executed series of tests. In fact, acceptance testing can be conducted over a period of weeks or months, thereby uncovering cumulative errors that might degrade the system over time. If software is developed as a product to be used by many customers, it is impractical to perform formal acceptance tests with each one. Most software product builders use a process called alpha and beta testing to uncover errors that only the end user seems able to find. A customer conducts the alpha test at the developer's site. The software is used in a natural setting with the developer "looking over the shoulder" of the user and recording errors and usage problems. Alpha tests are conducted in controlled environment.

Beta Testing The beta test is conducted at one or more customer sites by the end user of the software. Unlike alpha testing, the developer is generally not present. Therefore, the beta test is a "live" application Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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of the software in an environment that cannot be controlled by the developer. The customer records all problems that are encountered during beta testing and reports these to the developer at regular intervals. As a result of problems reported during bets test, the software developer makes modification and then prepares for release of the software product to the entire customer base.

System Testing
System testing was actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully unauthorized user, etc. Security Testing o In this system recording to security by using Java Technology it provide a very Good security to system. o It is mainly for security purpose Performance Testing This system performance is very good. There is less of chance of getting error. If the user gives the right input to the system then the system will generate the required output. If the user doesn't give the right input then the system don't responds. The performance is very fast. exercise the computer-based system. Include recovery testing during crashes, security testing for

System Testing
System testing was actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Include recovery testing during crashes, security testing for unauthorized user, etc.

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Security Testing In this system recording to security by using Java Technology it provide a very o Good security to system. o It is mainly for security purpose Performance Testing This system performance is very good. There is less of chance of getting error. If the user gives the right input to the system then the system will generate the required output. If the user doesn't give the right input then the system don't responds. The performance is very fast.

Implementation and Maintenance Implementation

An Implementation Plan is a detailed project management tool designed to assist agencies to manage and monitor implementation effectively. Implementation Plans

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are intended to be scalable and flexible, reflecting the degree of urgency, innovation, complexity. Agencies are expected to exercise judgment in this area; however, the level of detail should be sufficient to enable the agency to effectively manage the implementation of a policy measure.

Implementation includes implementation methodologies and coding. In this stage developers think about the implementation methodologies and coding techniques. Software Implementations involve several professionals that are relatively new to the knowledge based economy such as Business Analysts, Technical Analysts, Solutions Architect, and Project Managers.

Implementation Method There are several methods for handling implementation and the consequent conversion from the old to the new computerized system. The most secure method for conversion from the old system to the new system is to run the old and new system in parallel. In this approach, a person may operate in the manual older processing system as well as start operating the new computerized system. This method offers high security, because even if there is a flaw in the computerized system, we can depend upon the manual system. However, the cost for maintaining two systems in parallel is very high. This outweighs its benefits. Another commonly method is direct cut over from the existing manual system to the computerized system. The change may be within a week or within a day. There are no parallel activities. However, there is no remedy in case of a problem. This strategy requires careful planning.

MAINTENANCE
The term software maintenance is used to describe the software engineering activities that occur following delivery of a software product to the customer. The maintenance phase of the software life cycle is the time period in which a software product performs useful work.

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This project deals adaptive maintenance. Adaptive of software to a new environment may involve moving the software to a different machine. Problem correction involves modification and revalidation of software to correct errors. The enhancement of this project can be accomplished easily. That is, any new functional capabilities can be added to the project by simply including the new module in the homepage and giving a hyperlink to that module. Adaptation of this project to a new environment is also performed easily. Adaptive Maintenance Adaptive maintenance results in the modification to the software to accommodate changes to its external environment. In this project, dynamically we can add new components whenever necessary. Such as it designed to accommodate the new change in further. Adaptation of this software to a new environment may involve moving the software to a different machine. Such as Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows 95.

Input and Output design

Input design The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to put transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be achieved by inspecting the computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people keying the data directly into the system. The design of input focuses on controlling the amount of input required, Dynamic Website for Clinical Management System in accordance to the Ayush Keralam live project using PHP 1AY09MCA07 Shanoob.C.H

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controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use with retaining the privacy. Input Design considered the following things: What data should be given as input How the data should be arranged or coded The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input. Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.

Objectives 1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and show the correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the computerized system. 2. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It also provides record viewing facilities. 3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help of screens. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to follow. Output design A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the information clearly. In any system results of processing are communicated to the users and to other system through outputs. In output design it is determined how the information is to be displaced for immediate need and also the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct source information to the user. Efficient and intelligent output design improves the systems relationship to help user decision-making.

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1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought out manner; the right output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is designed so that people will find the system can use easily and effectively. When analysis design computer output, they should Identify the specific output that is needed to meet the requirements.

2. Select methods for presenting information.

3. Create document, report, or other formats that contain information produced by the system.

The output form of an information system should accomplish one or more of the following objectives. o Convey information about past activities, current status or projections of the Future. o Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings. o Trigger an action. o Confirm an action.

a) Screen shots

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Conclusion
The new system proposes a much stable and improved online software system in the medical environment Integrated and organized database. Proper and complete medical records. Right information at the right time

Bibilography

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[1] PHP 5 Power Programming By Anti Gutsman [2] Programming PHP By Rasmus Lerdorf [3]Practical PHP Programming By Paul Hudson [4] Head First PHP and MySQL - http://www.ebookslab.org/2009/02/09/head [5] PHP & MySQL http://www.amazon.com/Web-Database-Appli

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