Equilibrium Constant in Esterification Reaction

Viha Ancillia Bintusi Saktia, Imroatuz Zakiyahb, and Fika Fajariyahc.

a

Viha Ancillia Bintusi Sakti (10319409), Department of Chemistry, University of Surabaya b Imroatuz Zakiyah (103194005), Department of Chemistry, University of Surabaya c Fika Fajariyah (103194006), Department of Chemistry, University of Surabaya * Corresponding author, email: [email protected]

Abstract. We have done the experiment about Equilibrium Constant. The objectives to knowing equilibrium constant of a reaction and concerning that equilibrium constant is independent to concentration in initial reaction by this experiment. The method that used is titration. For make esterification reaction, first Provide 3 Erlenmeyer, pouring HCl 2N, C2H5OH, and CH3COOH by using different composition, closed all the Erlenmeyer using aluminum foils, saved it 1 weak, and then titrated by NaOH using PP indicator. Compered the result with Blanco solution by put 5mL of HCl 2N into Erlenmeyer flask, then titrated by NaOH using PP indicator. From this experiment got the average value of the equilibrium constant Kc is 10.46 x 10-2 mole/L, while the theoretical value for the equilibrium constant Kc = 0042 mole/L. It happen because the material used for the experimental solution was less time when let done in process, solution of this in the cupboard which the unknown temperature, beside in the outside temperature is irregular, and we difficult, to determine the end point of titration. Keywords: Equilibrium Constant, Esterification.

INTRODUCTION The most of the reactions that there is an equilibrium reaction. A system is said to be in balance if the two opposing processes occur at the same rate or in other words no change in the equilibrium system. The objectives of this experiment to knowing equilibrium constant of a reaction and concerning that equilibrium constant is independent to concentration in initial reaction by this experiment. In general equation for equilibrium or reaction back and forth can be expressed: aA + bB cC + dD

Where a, b, c, and d are the stoichiometric coefficients A, B, C, and D. equilibrium constant (Kc) for reaaksi at a certain temperature can be expressed by; Kc = Measurements A, B, C, and D in the system equilibrium state have a lot of ways. This principle will be considered when measuring the concentration has to be pursued by methods that do not disturb the equilibrium, which causes a shift reaction and the concentration to be measured to be changed. The means of Esterification is a reaction that produces ester. It forms from the reaction between the alcohol

(alkoksi alkane) and carboxylic acid. Ester is one kind of derivate hydrocarbon from carboxylic acid. The theory value of Kc in esterification is 4.2 x 10-2. The variable that influences in the esterification reaction are: 1. Temperature. It cause by the properties of reaction is exothermic and the temperature in influences constant. the value of reaction speed

PROCEDURE Blanco solution Put 5mL of HCl 2N into Erlenmeyer flask, then titrated by NaOH using PP indicator. Esterification process Provide 3 Erlenmeyer, for the first Erlenmeyer pouring 5 mL HCl 2N, 1 mL C2H5OH, 4 mL CH3COOH. The second Erlenmeyer the first Erlenmeyer pouring 5 mL HCl 2N, 2 mL C2H5OH, 3 mL CH3COOH. The third Erlenmeyer pouring 5 mL HCl 2N, 3 mL C2H5OH, 2 mL CH3COOH. The forth Erlenmeyer pouring 5 mL HCl 2N, 4 mL C2H5OH, 1 mL CH3COOH. Closed all the Erlenmeyer using aluminum foils, saved it 1 weak, and then titrated by NaOH using PP indicator. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Blanco solution In experiments to determine the equilibrium constant is used to titrate. The way it used to see if the solution has reached equilibrium is kept absolutely perfect or just perfect. This reaction called esterification reaction it reversibly, as well notice that this value does not

2. Comparison of reactant substances. It caused

by one of the reactant should made excesses in the forming of ester product.

3. Stirring. If we stir in the mixturing it can make

the reactant molecule is always collide so reaction can occur optimally. 4. Catalyst. Esterification reaction run slowly, so it needed catalyst in In this experiment will be carried out determination of the equilibrium constant of acetic acid and ethanol with the titration method. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Materials The material that used on this experiment is: NaOH 2N, PP indicator, Ethanol absolute, HCl 2N, and CH3COOH. Instrumentation The instrument that used on this experiment is: Biuret, Glass Erlenmeyer flask, Aluminum foils, Pipette, Graduated Cylinder (10mL), Backer (100mL), Stative, Clamp, and Funnel. .

depend on the initial concentration, except the change of temperature. We make Blanco Solution as comparison to get reminder mole so that we can determine equilibrium constants. The Blanco solution made from 5mL HCl 2N and 3 drops PP Indicator

(colorless), that titrated by 4.9 mL NaOH 2N. So, we get equivalent of H+ = OH- is 9.8 x 10-3 mole and the color become pink. The reaction that occurs in Blanco solution is: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Esterification process The Observation solution of Ethanol and Acetic Acid with the saved in 4 different volume Erlenmeyer is covered by aluminum foil to Prevent the vaporization of ethanol and storage This is for also keeping room temperatures include Because this reaction is exothermal reaction and the temperature can influences value is of equilibrium. And we make it without stirring as if done Stirring will increase the frequency of collisions between reactant molecules of a substance that reacts with a substance that accelerates the reaction and the reaction occurs perfectly. It saved during 4 days to make Esterification reaction between ethanol and acetic acid to produce the equilibrium state of reactant and products. The entire rest flask is added by 5 mL of HCl as catalyst, it does not involve in the reaction at over all. Catalyst, Esterification reaction runs slowly, so it needed catalyst in this experiment will be carried out determination of the equilibrium constant of acetic acid and ethanol with the titration method. Catalyst and also serves to reduce the activation energy in a reaction that at a certain temperature the reaction rate constant price increases. (Mc Ketta, 1978). The reaction:

CH3COOH(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) CH3COOC2H5(aq) + H2O(l) 4 days later, each of the Erlenmeyer flask is add by 3 drops of indicator PP. Function of the addition of PP about 3-5 drops of indicator which has a function for the formation of color during titration. Then we titrated with NaOH 2 M. And we need the volume of NaOH is 36.5 mL 25.8 mL, 16.7 mL and 10.1 mL. And there are changes of color from colorless become pink. During the titration, the smell of solution is like a balloon. It indicates that the solution contains ester (esterification). As well, the Erlenmeyer flask becomes warm. It signals the existence of ester too. The reaction: CH3COOC2H5(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) We get the value of Kc in Erlenmeyer flask 1,2,3,4 is 9.08 x 10-2, 10.26 x 10-2, 11.64 x 10-2, 10.856 x 10-2, and the average Kc is 10.46 x 10 -2. While the theoretically of Kc is about 4.2 x 10-2.

Fig.1. The value of Kc in Every Erlenmeyer.

The difference of the theoretical equilibrium value constant with this experiment material should be left in place about a week but only let it for 4 days. Because other than that It is after we make-the solution, we save our solution because the material used for the experimental solution was less time when let done in process. Solution of this in the cupboard which the unknown temperature, beside in the outside temperature is irregular. And we difficult, to determine the end point of titration. This could affect the experiment when doing titration in solution. So results are still not in accordance with the theoretical values are appreciating Kc = 0.042 mole/L. CONCLUSION Based on the experiment that will be done, from the above data, it was concluded that the average value of the equilibrium constant Kc experimentally for the average is 10.46 x 10-2 mole/L. While the theoretical value for the equilibrium constant Kc = 0042 mole/L. and the equilibrium constant does not depend on the initial concentration of the reaction. . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge Mrs. Dian

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Herdyansyah as the lecture of Physical Chemistry II, assistance of laboratories, my parents, and other friends, because of support and the guidance so the experiment can be done greatly.