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    KTH Scania1

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    asauras
    This document discusses experimental methods for vehicle aerodynamics testing used by Scania CV AB. It describes their use of full-scale wind tunnel testing, as well as scale model testing using 1:6 and 1:2 scale models with moving ground simulation. The goal is to optimize truck aerodynamics to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency, with a focus on cab and chassis details as well as trailer modifications. Computational fluid dynamics is also utilized to simulate new vehicle concepts in early development stages.

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    KTH Scania1

    Uploaded by

    asauras
    117 views24 pages
    This document discusses experimental methods for vehicle aerodynamics testing used by Scania CV AB. It describes their use of full-scale wind tunnel testing, as well as scale model testing using 1:6 and 1:2 scale models with moving ground simulation. The goal is to optimize truck aerodynamics to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency, with a focus on cab and chassis details as well as trailer modifications. Computational fluid dynamics is also utilized to simulate new vehicle concepts in early development stages.

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    KTH_Scania1

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    This document discusses experimental methods for vehicle aerodynamics testing used by Scania CV AB. It describes their use of full-scale wind tunnel testing, as well as scale model testing using 1:6 and 1:2 scale models with moving ground simulation. The goal is to optimize truck aerodynamics to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency, with a focus on cab and chassis details as well as trailer modifications. Computational fluid dynamics is also utilized to simulate new vehicle concepts in early development stages.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views24 pages

    KTH Scania1

    Uploaded by

    asauras
    This document discusses experimental methods for vehicle aerodynamics testing used by Scania CV AB. It describes their use of full-scale wind tunnel testing, as well as scale model testing using 1:6 and 1:2 scale models with moving ground simulation. The goal is to optimize truck aerodynamics to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency, with a focus on cab and chassis details as well as trailer modifications. Computational fluid dynamics is also utilized to simulate new vehicle concepts in early development stages.

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    of 24

    Experimental Methods in Vehicle Aerodynamics

    Per Elofsson
    Scania CV AB, [email protected]
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Outline
    Introduction Vehicle aerodynamics for trucks Wind tunnels for automotive testing Ground simulation Testing & analysis

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Historical evolution
    Cd 1.2 (driver dependant)?

    Cd 0.6

    Cd 0.25
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Scania products

    Long-haulage, Construction & Distribution

    Bus chassis, intercity and tourist Ind. & marine engines City buses

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Vehicle aerodynamics for trucks


    Aerodynamic drag Aerodynamic lift is not of great weight
    CL=0.05 at 80 kph L=150 N

    40 tons Crosswind stability is of low importance for trucks (in general) Vehicle soiling is an important field

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Wind-averaged drag

    Necessary to take account of crosswind influence on drag Yaw dependance relates to gap between truck & trailer
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Truck aerodynamics - characteristics


    Cd=0.50-0.70

    Cd=0.55-0.80

    Cd=0.65-0.90 Frontal area: 8 -11.5 m2

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Motivation for improved aerodynamics


    Costs for a truck in long-haulage operation
    Driver Fuel

    Other

    The fuel cost is approx. 1/3 of the operational cost


    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Motivation for improved aerodynamics


    Driving resistance:
    180 160 140 Effekt kW 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Hastighet km/h Luftmotstnd Rullmotstnd Vglutning 1 %

    Pluft ~ v3 Plutn ~ v

    Prull ~ v

    Truck and semitrailer (40t, 80kph) on a flat road: Cd= -0,020 1 % Fuel Economy improvement
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Fluid Mechanics
    New group (founded January 2003) Staff (2004):
    Manager Aerodynamicist (mainly EFD) 2 CFD Engineers dedicated to aerodynamics 2 CFD Engineers (climate comfort, underhood simulations & general flow analysis) 2 Industrial PhD students (1 CFD and 1 EFD)

    Plan to expand further (aero-acoustic simulations, vehicle soiling)

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Experimental aerodynamics at Scania


    FROM: Full scale development and verification tests at stationary ground conditions Development tests with 1:2 scale

    TO: Full scale development and verification tests at stationary ground conditions Development testing of 1:6 scale models with moving ground and rotating wheels 1:2 models for limited test purposes
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Full scale testing


    Balance measurements (drag, side force & yawing moment) Pressure measurements Flow visualizations Aero-acoustic measurements Truck or tractor & semitrailer (non-articulated)

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    DNW Wind tunnel

    Test vehicle installed in the 9.5 x 9.5 m2 test section

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    1:6 scale model testing


    Moving belt and rotating wheels Testing at Lola Cars, UK Tractor & semitrailer model with high level of detailing
    Cooling air-flow and underhood simulation Almost complete representation of chassis parts Model made from aluminium/steel spine, foam blocks, STL and carbon fibre parts

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Lola Cars Wind tunnel

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    1:2 scale model testing


    Both stationary ground & moving belt Testing at different facilities

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Main development areas


    Cab shape Cab details
    Air deflectors Sun visor, Rear view mirrors

    Chassi details
    Side skirts Wheel deflectors, floorpanels

    Scanias unique modular product system makes the design work a true challenge!
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    The whole vehicle must be considered

    Trailer modifications have large potential (Cd 0.25)


    Side skirts, chassis covers Boat-tail, rear end diffusor

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Example Concept truck


    Testing at DNW CFD

    Wind tunnel testing during development Recent CFD simulations


    - Gain knowledge of external CFD - Boat-tail studies
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Example Concept truck

    Cd <0.25

    Cd ~0.3

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Outline
    Introduction Vehicle aerodynamics for trucks Wind tunnels for automotive testing Ground simulation Testing & analysis

    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Performance of automotive wind tunnels

    Maximum wind speed: 140 270 km/h Test section (area): Fan power:
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    10 - 40 m2 0.6 - 4 MW

    Test section types

    Effect of lateral boundaries

    Closed TS
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

    Open TS

    Multi-purpose wind tunnels

    Provides additional test functionality:


    Soiling (dirt deposition) tests Climate comfort Thermodynamics & cooling performance tests at accurate flow conditions
    KTH Vehicle Aerodynamics, 2004-05-07 Per Elofsson, Fluid Mechanics

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