Gaia

R75.40
Administration Guide

15 March 2012

Classification: [Protected]

 2012 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licensing restricting their use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written authorization of Check Point. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, Check Point assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. This publication and features described herein are subject to change without notice. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. TRADEMARKS: Refer to the Copyright page (http://www.checkpoint.com/copyright.html) for a list of our trademarks. Refer to the Third Party copyright notices (http://www.checkpoint.com/3rd_party_copyright.html) for a list of relevant copyrights and third-party licenses.

Important Information
Latest Software
We recommend that you install the most recent software release to stay up-to-date with the latest functional improvements, stability fixes, security enhancements and protection against new and evolving attacks.

Latest Documentation
The latest version of this document is at: http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/documentation_download?ID=14001 For additional technical information, visit the Check Point Support Center (http://supportcenter.checkpoint.com). For more about this release, see the R75.40 home page (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

Revision History
Date 15-Mar-2012 Description First release of this document

Feedback
Check Point is engaged in a continuous effort to improve its documentation. Please help us by sending your comments (mailto:[email protected]?subject=Feedback on Gaia R75.40 Administration Guide).

Contents
Important Information .............................................................................................3 Gaia Overview .........................................................................................................9 Introduction to the WebUI ....................................................................................10 WebUI Overview ................................................................................................10 Logging in to the WebUI .....................................................................................11 Working with the Configuration Lock ..............................................................12 Interface Elements..............................................................................................12 Toolbar Accessories ......................................................................................12 Using the Search Tool ...................................................................................12 Navigation Tree .............................................................................................13 Status Bar ......................................................................................................13 The Configuration Tab ...................................................................................13 The Monitoring Tab ........................................................................................13 Introduction to the Command Line Interface ......................................................15 Saving Configuration Changes ...........................................................................15 Commands and Features ...................................................................................15 Command Completion ........................................................................................17 Command History ...............................................................................................18 Reusing Parts of Commands .........................................................................19 Command Line Movement and Editing ...............................................................19 Obtaining a Configuration Lock ..........................................................................20 Environment Commands ....................................................................................21 Client Environment Output Format .................................................................23 Expert Mode .......................................................................................................23 User Defined (Extended) Commands .................................................................24 System Information Overview ..............................................................................25 Showing System Overview Information- WebUI .................................................25 Showing System Overview Information - CLI (uptime, version)..........................26 Interface Management ..........................................................................................28 Network Interfaces..............................................................................................28 Interface Link Status ......................................................................................28 Configuration using the CLI............................................................................30 Physical Interfaces .........................................................................................32 Aliases ...........................................................................................................35 VLAN Interfaces.............................................................................................35 Bond Interfaces (Link Aggregation) ................................................................39 Bridge Interfaces............................................................................................45 Loopback Interfaces ......................................................................................47 VPN Tunnel Interfaces ...................................................................................49 ARP ....................................................................................................................54 Configuring ARP- WebUI ...............................................................................54 Configuring ARP - CLI (arp) ...........................................................................55 DHCP Server......................................................................................................56 Configuring a DHCP Server- WebUI ..............................................................56 Configuring a DHCP Server - CLI (dhcp) .......................................................57 Hosts and DNS...................................................................................................59 Host Name.....................................................................................................59 Host Addresses .............................................................................................60 Domain Name Service (DNS) ........................................................................61 IPv4 Static Routes ..............................................................................................63 Configuring IPv4 Static Routes - WebUI ........................................................64 Configuring Static Routes - CLI (static-route) .................................................67

IPv6 Static Routes ..............................................................................................70 Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - WebUI ........................................................70 Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - CLI (ipv6 static-route) .................................71 System Management ............................................................................................74 Time ...................................................................................................................74 Configuring Time and l - WebUI .....................................................................74 Configuring NTP ............................................................................................75 Configuring NTP - CLI (ntp) ...........................................................................77 Setting the Date Manually - CLI (date) ...........................................................78 Showing the Time & Date - CLI (clock) ..........................................................78 Setting the Time Manually - CLI (Time) ..........................................................78 Setting the Time Zone Manually - CLI (timezone) ..........................................78 Time ...................................................................................................................78 SNMP .................................................................................................................79 SNMP Proxy Support for Check Point MIB ....................................................82 Configuring SNMP - WebUI ...........................................................................82 Configuring SNMP - CLI (snmp) ....................................................................87 Interpreting Error Messages...........................................................................90 Job Scheduler ....................................................................................................92 Configuring Job Scheduler - WebUI ...............................................................92 Configuring Job Scheduler - CLI (cron) ..........................................................93 Mail Notification ..................................................................................................94 Configuring Mail Notification - WebUI ............................................................95 Configuring Mail Notification - CLI (mail-notification) ......................................95 Messages ...........................................................................................................95 Configuring Messages - WebUI .....................................................................95 Configuring Messages - CLI (message) .........................................................96 Session ..............................................................................................................97 Configuring the Session - WebUI ...................................................................97 Configuring the Session - CLI (inactivity-timeout)...........................................97 System Logging ..................................................................................................97 Configuring System Logging - WebUI ............................................................97 Configuring System Logging - CLI (syslog) ....................................................98 Network Access..................................................................................................98 Configuring Telnet Access - WebUI ...............................................................98 Configuring Telnet Access - CLI (net-access) ................................................99 Advanced Routing .............................................................................................. 100 User Management ............................................................................................... 101 Change My Password ......................................................................................101 Change My Password - WebUI ....................................................................101 Change My Password - CLI (selfpasswd) ....................................................101 Users ................................................................................................................101 Managing User Accounts - WebUI ...............................................................102 Managing User Accounts - CLI (user) ..........................................................103 Roles ................................................................................................................106 Configuring Roles - WebUI ..........................................................................106 Configuring Roles - CLI (rba) .......................................................................109 Password Policy ...............................................................................................111 Password History Checks ............................................................................112 Mandatory Password Change ......................................................................112 Configuring Password Policy- WebUI ..........................................................112 Configuring Password Policy- CLI (password-controls) ................................113 Authentication Servers .....................................................................................114 Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers - WebUI..................................114 Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers - CLI (aaa radius-servers) ......115 Configuring Nonlocal RADIUS Users using Vendor Specific attributes ........117 Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers - WebUI.................................117 Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers - CLI (aaa tacacs-servers) .....118 System Groups.................................................................................................118

Configuring System Groups- WebUI ............................................................118 Configuring System Groups - CLI (group) ....................................................119 High Availability .................................................................................................. 121 VRRP ...............................................................................................................121 How VRRP Works .......................................................................................121 Before Configuring VRRP ............................................................................124 Configuring VRRP - WebUI..........................................................................125 Configuring VRRP - CLI (mcvr) ....................................................................126 Advanced VRRP ..............................................................................................127 Configuring Advanced VRRP - WebUI .........................................................127 Configuring Advanced VRRP - CLI (vrrp) .....................................................132 Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 134 Licenses ...........................................................................................................134 Configuring Licenses - CLI (cplic) ................................................................134 Image Management..........................................................................................142 Configuring Image Management - WebUI ....................................................142 Configuring Image Management - CLI (snapshot)........................................143 Download SmartConsole ..................................................................................144 Download SmartConsole - WebUI ...............................................................144 Hardware Health Monitoring .............................................................................144 Showing Hardware Health Monitoring Information - WebUI .........................144 Showing Hardware Monitoring Information - CLI (sysenv) ...........................144 Shutdown .........................................................................................................145 Shutting Down - WebUI ...............................................................................145 Shutting Down - CLI (halt, reboot) ................................................................145 Software Updates................................................................................................ 146 Configuring a Software Deployment Policy - WebUI .........................................146 Configuring Software Update Notifications - WebUI..........................................147 Configuring Software Deployment - WebUI ......................................................147 Configuring Software Deployment clish (installation) .....................................148 CLI Procedures- Software Updates..............................................................149 Security Management Server and Firewall Commands ................................... 151 cpca_client .......................................................................................................151 cpca_client create_cert ................................................................................151 cpca_client revoke_cert ...............................................................................151 cpca_client lscert .........................................................................................151 cpca_client set_mgmt_tools .........................................................................152 cp_conf.............................................................................................................152 cp_conf sic...................................................................................................153 cp_conf admin .............................................................................................153 cp_conf ca ...................................................................................................153 cp_conf finger ..............................................................................................153 cp_conf lic....................................................................................................153 cp_conf client ...............................................................................................153 cp_conf ha ...................................................................................................153 cp_conf snmp ..............................................................................................154 cp_conf auto ................................................................................................154 cp_conf sxl...................................................................................................154 cpconfig ............................................................................................................154 cpinfo ...............................................................................................................154 cpstart ..............................................................................................................155 cpstat ...............................................................................................................155 cpstop...............................................................................................................157 fw .....................................................................................................................158 fw -i ..............................................................................................................158 fw ctl ............................................................................................................158 fw ctl debug .................................................................................................159 fw ctl affinity .................................................................................................160 fw ctl engine .................................................................................................162

fw ctl multik stat ...........................................................................................163 fw ctl sdstat ..................................................................................................163 fw fetch ........................................................................................................164 fw fetchlogs..................................................................................................164 fw hastat ......................................................................................................165 fw isp_link ....................................................................................................165 fw kill ............................................................................................................166 fw lea_notify.................................................................................................166 fw lichosts ....................................................................................................166 fw log ...........................................................................................................167 fw logswitch .................................................................................................169 fw mergefiles ...............................................................................................170 fw monitor ....................................................................................................170 fw lslogs .......................................................................................................174 fw putkey .....................................................................................................175 fw repairlog ..................................................................................................176 fw sam .........................................................................................................176 fw stat ..........................................................................................................180 fw tab ...........................................................................................................180 fw ver ...........................................................................................................181 fwm ..................................................................................................................182 fwm dbimport ...............................................................................................182 fwm expdate ................................................................................................183 fwm dbexport ...............................................................................................183 fwm dbload ..................................................................................................185 fwm ikecrypt .................................................................................................185 fw getcap .....................................................................................................185 fwm load ......................................................................................................186 fwm lock_admin ...........................................................................................186 fwm logexport ..............................................................................................187 fwm sic_reset ...............................................................................................188 fwm unload <targets> ..................................................................................188 fwm ver ........................................................................................................188 fwm verify <policy-name> ............................................................................188 VPN Commands .................................................................................................. 190 Overview ..........................................................................................................190 vpn accel .....................................................................................................190 vpn compreset .............................................................................................191 vpn compstat ...............................................................................................191 vpn crl_zap ..................................................................................................192 vpn crlview ...................................................................................................192 vpn debug ....................................................................................................192 vpn drv .........................................................................................................193 vpn export_p12 ............................................................................................194 vpn macutil ..................................................................................................194 vpn nssm_toplogy ........................................................................................194 vpn overlap_encdom....................................................................................195 vpn sw_topology ..........................................................................................196 vpn tu ...........................................................................................................196 vpn ver .........................................................................................................197 SmartView Monitor Commands ......................................................................... 198 Overview ..........................................................................................................198 rtm debug ....................................................................................................198 rtm drv .........................................................................................................198 rtm monitor <module_name>{<interface_name>|-filter "<complex filter>"} ...199 rtm monitor <module_name>-v<virtual_link_name> ....................................201 rtm rtmd .......................................................................................................202 rtm stat ........................................................................................................202 rtm ver .........................................................................................................202

rtmstart ........................................................................................................202 rtmstop ........................................................................................................203 ClusterXL Commands ........................................................................................ 204 cphaconf...........................................................................................................204 cphaprob ..........................................................................................................205 cphastart ..........................................................................................................205 cphastop...........................................................................................................205 Index .................................................................................................................... 207

Chapter 1
Gaia Overview
Gaia is Check Point's next generation operating system for security applications. In Greek mythology, Gaia is the mother of all, representing closely integrated parts to form a single, efficient system. The Gaia Operating System supports the full portfolio of Check Point Software Blades, Gateway and Security Management products. Gaia is a single, unified network security Operating System that combines the best of Check Point's SecurePlatform operating system, and IPSO, the operating system from appliance security products. Gaia is available for all Check Point security appliances, open servers and virtualized environments. Designed from the ground up for modern high-end deployments, Gaia includes support for: IPv4 and IPv6 - fully integrated into the Operating System. High Connection Capacity - 64bit support. Load Sharing - ClusterXL and Interface bonding. High Availability - ClusterXL, VRRP, Interface bonding. Dynamic and Multicast Routing - BGP, OSPF, RIP, and PIM-SM, PIM-DM, IGMP. Easy to use Command Line Interface - Commands are structured using the same syntactic rules. An enhanced help system and auto-completion further simplifies user operation. Role Based Administration - Enables Gaia administrators to create different roles. Administrators can allow users to access features by adding those functions to the user's role definition. Each role can include a combination of administrative (read/write) access to some features, monitoring (read-only) access to other features, and no access to other features. Simple and Easy upgrade - from IPSO and SecurePlatform.

Gaia Software Updates

Get updates for licensed Check Point products directly through the operating system. Download and install the updates more quickly. Download automatically, manually, or periodically. Install manually or periodically. Get email notifications for new available updates and for downloads and installations. Easy rollback from new update.

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Chapter 2
Introduction to the WebUI
This chapter gives a brief overview of the WebUI interface and procedures for using the interface elements. In This Chapter WebUI Overview Logging in to the WebUI Interface Elements 10 11 12

WebUI Overview
The Gaia WebUI is an advanced, web-based interface for configuring Gaia platforms. Almost all system configuration tasks can be done through this Web-based interface. Easy Access - Simply go to https://<Device IP Address>. Browser Support - Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome and Safari. Powerful Search Engine - makes it easy to find features or functionality to configure. Easy Operation - Two operating modes. 1) Simplified mode shows only basic configuration options. 2) Advanced mode shows all configuration options. You can easily change modes. Web-Based Access to Command Line - Clientless access to the Gaia CLI directly from your browser.

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The WebUI interface

Item 1 2 3 4 5

Description Navigation tree Toolbar Search tool Overview page with widgets that show system information Status bar Note - The browser Back button is not supported. Do not use it.

Logging in to the WebUI

Logging in To log in to the WebUI: 1. Enter this URL in your browser: https://<Gaia IP address> 2. Enter your user name and password.

Logging out
Make sure that you always log out from the WebUI before you close the browser. This is because the configuration lock stays in effect even when you close the browser or terminal window. The lock remains in
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effect until a different user removes the lock or the defined inactivity time-out period (default = 10 minutes) expires.

Working with the Configuration Lock

Only one user can have Read/Write access to Gaia configuration settings at a time. All other users can log in with Read-Only access to see configuration settings, as specified by their assigned roles (on page 106). When you log in and no other user has Read/Write access, you get an exclusive configuration lock with Read/Write access. If a different user already has a configuration lock, a message shows that gives you the option to override the lock to get Read/Write access. If you override the lock, the other user stays logged in with Read-Only access. If you do not override the lock, you cannot change any settings.

To override a configuration lock using the WebUI:

Click the small lock icon enabled) replaces the lock. or (Configuration lock) above the toolbar. The pencil icon (Read/Write

If you are already using a configuration settings page, click the Click here to obtain lock link. This can occur if a different user overrides your configuration lock. Note - Only users with Read/Write access privileges can override a configuration lock.

Interface Elements
The Gaia WebUI contains many elements that make the task of configuring features and system settings easier.

Toolbar Accessories
You can use these toolbar icons to do these tasks: Item Description Read/Write mode enabled. Configuration locked (Read Only mode). Opens the Console accessory for CLI commands. Available in the Read/Write mode only. Opens the Scratch Pad accessory for writing notes or for quick copy/paste operations. Available in the Read/Write mode only. Send detailed Gaia feedback to Check Point. I like this page - send positive feedback I do not like this page - send negative feedback

Using the Search Tool

You can use the search bar to find an applicable configuration page by entering a keyword. The keyword can be a feature, a configuration parameter or a word that is related to a configuration page.
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The search shows a list of pages related to the entered keyword. To go to a page, click a link in the list.

Navigation Tree
The navigation lets you select a page. Pages are arranged in logical feature groups. You can show the navigation tree in one of these view modes: Basic - Shows some standard pages Advanced (Default) - Shows all pages

To change the navigation tree mode, click View Mode and select a mode from the list. To hide the navigation tree, click the Hide icon.

Status Bar
The status bar, located at the bottom of the window, shows the result of the last configuration operation. To see a history of the configuration operations during the current session, click the Expand icon.

The Configuration Tab

The configuration tab lets you see and configure parameters for Gaia features and settings groups. The parameters are organized into functional settings groups in the navigation tree. You must have Read/Write permissions for a settings group to configure its parameters.

The Monitoring Tab

The Monitoring tab lets you see status and detailed operational statistics, in real time, for some routing and high availability settings groups. This information is useful for monitoring dynamic routing and VRRP cluster performance.

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Introduction to the WebUI

To see the Monitoring tab, select a routing or high availability feature settings group and then click the Monitoring tab. For some settings groups, you can select different types of information from a menu.

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Chapter 3
Introduction to the Command Line Interface
This chapter gives an introduction to the Gaia command line interface (CLI). The default shell of the CLI is called clish.

To use the CLI:

1. Connect to the platform using a command-line connection (SSH or a console) over a TCP/IP network. 2. Log on using a user name and password. Immediately after installation, the default user name and password are admin and admin. In This Chapter Saving Configuration Changes Commands and Features Command Completion Command History Command Line Movement and Editing Obtaining a Configuration Lock Environment Commands Expert Mode User Defined (Extended) Commands 15 15 17 18 19 20 20 23 24

Saving Configuration Changes

Configuration changes you enter using the CLI are applied immediately to the running system. To ensure that these changes remain after you reboot, that is, to save your changes permanently, run save config at the CLI prompt.

Commands and Features

Gaia commands are organized into features. A feature is a group of related commands. Commands have the syntax Operation feature parameter The most common operations are show, add, set, delete The 4 main operations set show delete Description Sets a value in the system. Shows a value or values from the system. Deletes a value from the system.

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The 4 main operations add Other operations save reboot halt quit exit Start

Description Adds a new value to the system. Description Saves the configuration changes made since the last save. Reboot the system. Halts the system. Exits from the CLI. Exits from the shell. Starts a transaction. Puts the CLI into transaction mode. All changes made using commands in transaction mode are applied at once or none of the changes are applied based on the way transaction mode is terminated. Ends transaction by committing changes. Ends transaction by discarding changes. Enter the expert shell. Allows low-level access to the system, including the file system. Shows the version of the active Gaia image Revert the database Get help on navigating the CLI and some useful commands.

commit rollback expert

ver revert help To do this Shows all commands that the user has permissions to run Show a list of all features Shows all commands for a specific feature

Type show commands

show commands feature <TAB>

show commands feature VALUE For example Gaia> show commands feature arp add arp static ipv4-address VALUE macaddress VALUE delete arp dynamic all delete arp static ipv4-address VALUE set arp table cache-size VALUE set arp table validity-timeout VALUE show arp dynamic all show arp static all show arp table cache-size show arp table validity-timeout

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To do this Show all the possible operations

Type show commands op <SPACE> <TAB> For example Gaia> show commands op save reboot load start commit rollback expert Gaia> show commands halt help ver op set history revert show quit delete exit add

Show all commands per operation, per feature

show commands [op VALUE] [feature VALUE] For example Gaia> show commands op show feature arp show arp dynamic all show arp static all show arp table cache-size show arp table validity-timeout Gaia>

At the --More-- prompt:

To do this... To see the next page. To see the next line. To exit to the CLI prompt Type <SPACE> <ENTER> <Q> or <q>

Command Completion
You can automatically complete a command. This saves time, and can also help if you are not sure what to type next. Press ... <TAB> To do this... Complete or fetch the keyword. For example Gaia> set in<TAB> inactivity-timeout - Set inactivity timeout interface - Displays the interface related parameters Gaia> set in

<SPACE> <TAB> Show the arguments that the command for that feature accepts. For example: Gaia> set interface <SPACE> <TAB> eth0 eth1 lo Gaia> set interface

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Press ... <ESC><ESC>

To do this... See possible command completions. For example Gaia> set inter<ESC><ESC> set interface VALUE ipv4-address VALUE mask-length VALUE set interface VALUE ipv4-address VALUE subnet-mask VALUE set interface VALUE ipv6-address VALUE mask-length VALUE set interface VALUE { comments VALUE mac-addr VALUE mtu VALUE state VALUE speed VALUE duplex VALUE auto-negotiation VALUE } set interface VALUE { ipv6-autoconfig VALUE } Gaia> set inter

Get help on a feature or keyword. For example Gaia> set interface <?> interface: {show/add/delete} interface "interface-name" Gaia> set interface

UP/DOWN arrow LEFT/RIGHT arrow Enter

Browse the command history Edit command.

Run a command string. The cursor does not have to be at the end of the line. You can usually abbreviate the command to the smallest number of unambiguous characters.

Command History
You can recall commands you have used before, even in previous sessions. Command history !! !nn !-nn Description Recall previous command. Recall next command Show the last 100 commands. Run the last command. Run a specific previous command: The nn command. Run the nnth previous command. For example, entering !-3 runs the third from last command. Run the most recent command that starts with str. Run the most recent command containing str. The trailing ? may be omitted if str is followed immediately by a new line. Repeat the last command, replacing str1 with str2

!str !\?str\?

!!:s/str1/str2

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Reusing Parts of Commands

You can combine word designators with history commands to refer to specific words used in previous commands. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line with the first word being denoted by 0. Use a colon to separate a history command from a word designator. For example, you could enter !!:1 to refer to the first argument in the previous command. In the command show interfaces, interfaces is word 1. Word Designator 0 n ^ $ % Meaning The operation word. The nth word. The first argument; that is, word 1. The last argument. The word matched by the most recent \?str\? search.

Immediately after word designators, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a colon: Modifier p s/str1/str2 g Meaning Print the new command but do not execute Substitute new for the first occurrence of old in the word being referred to. Apply changes over the entire command. Use this modified in conjunction with s, as in gs/str1/str2.

Command Line Movement and Editing

You can back up in a command you are typing to correct a mistake. To edit a command, use the left and right arrow keys to move around and the Backspace key to delete characters. You can enter commands that span more than one line. These are the keystroke combinations you can use: Keystroke combination Alt-D Alt-F Ctrl-Alt-H Ctrl-shift_ Ctrl-A Ctrl-B Ctrl-E Ctrl-F Ctrl-H Meaning Delete next word. Go to the next word. Delete the previous word. Repeat the previous word. Move to the beginning of the line. Move to the previous character. Move to the end of the line. Move to the next character. Delete the previous character.

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Keystroke combination Ctrl-L Ctrl-N Ctrl-P Ctrl-R Ctrl-U

Meaning Clear the screen and show the current line at the top of the screen. Next history item. Previous history item. Redisplay the current line. Delete the current line.

Obtaining a Configuration Lock

Only one user can have Read/Write access to Gaia configuration settings at a time. All other users can log in with Read-Only access to see configuration settings, as specified by their assigned roles (on page 106). When you log in and no other user has Read/Write access, you get an exclusive configuration lock with Read/Write access. If a different user already has a configuration lock, a message shows that gives you the option to override the lock to get Read/Write access. If you override the lock, the other user stays logged in with Read-Only access. If you do not override the lock, you cannot change any settings. Only users with read/write privileges can log in with a configuration lock. Use the following commands temporarily restrict the ability of other admin users to make configuration changes. This feature allows you to lock out other users for a specified period of time while you make configuration changes. Syntax set config-lock off set config-lock on [timeout VALUE override] show config-lock show config-state Parameter <on |off> Description Controls the behavior when logging in to clish. Off - Disable exclusive access. On - Enable exclusive access. Clish When you enable config-lock, the default timeout value is 300 seconds. on timeout on override Enable config-lock for the specified interval in seconds (5-900). Override an existing configuration lock and disable it.

Parameters

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Environment Commands
Description Use these commands to set the CLI environment for a user for a particular session, or permanently. To show the client environment show show show show show show show show show clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv all config-lock debug echo-cmd on-failure output prompt rows syntax-check

Syntax

To set the client environment set set set set set set set set clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv clienv config-lock VALUE debug VALUE echo-cmd VALUE on-failure VALUE output VALUE prompt VALUE rows VALUE syntax-check VALUE

To save the client environment permanently save clienv

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Parameters

Parameter all config-lock <On | Off >

Description Show all the client environment settings. The default value of the config-lock parameter. If it is set to 'on'; clish will acquire config-lock when invoked otherwise continue without a config-lock. The value can be 'on' or 'off'.

debug <0-6>

The debug level. Level 0 (lowest) to level 6 (highest). Predefined levels are: 0 5 6 Do not do debugging. Display error messages only. Show confd requests, responses. Show handler invocation parameters, results.

ech-cmd <On | Echo all commands. When using the load commands command, Off > all commands are echoed before being executed. Default: off on-failure <stop | continue> Continue - continue running commands from a file or a script and only display error messages. Stop - stop running commands from a file or a script when the system encounters an error.

Default: stop output The command line output format ("Client Environment Output <pretty Format" on page 23). |structured | Default: pretty xml> prompt VALUE The appearance of the command prompt. To set the prompt back to the default, use the keyword default. Any printable character is allowed, as well as combinations of the following variables: %H : Replaced with the Command number. %I : Replaced with the User ID. %M : Replaced with the Hostname. %P : Replaced with the Product ID. %U : Replaced with the User Name. rows integer The number of rows to show on your console or xterm. If the window size is changed the value will also change, unless the value set is to 0 (zero). Put the shell into syntax-check mode. Commands you enter are checked syntactically and are not executed, but values are validated. Default: off save clienv Permanently save the environment variables that were modified using the set clienv commands.

syntax-check <On | Off >

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Client Environment Output Format

Description Syntax The CLI supports three output formats: pretty, structured, and xml. To show the output format show clienv output VALUE To set the output format set clienv output VALUE Parameter Description pretty Output is formatted to be clear. For example Gaia> set clienv output pretty Gaia> show user admin Uid Name 0 Structured Gid 0 Home Dir. /home/admin Shell /etc/cli.sh Real n/a

Parameters

Output is delimited by semi-colons. For example Gaia> set clienv output structured Gaia> show user admin Uid;Gid;Home Dir.;Shell;Real Name; 0;0;/home/admin;/etc/cli.sh;;

xml

Adds XML tags to the output. For example Gaia> set clienv output xml Gaia> show user admin <?xml version="1.0"?> <CMDRESPONSE> <CMDTEXT>show user admin</CMDTEXT> <RESPONSE><System_User> <Row> <Uid>0</Uid> <Gid>0</Gid> <Home_Dir.>/home/admin</Home_Dir.> <Shell>/etc/cli.sh</Shell> <Real_Name></Real_Name> </Row> </System_User> </RESPONSE> </CMDRESPONSE>

Expert Mode
The default shell of the CLI is called clish. Clish contains a limited set of commands . It does not allow access to low level system functions. For low level configuration, use the more permissive expert shell. To use the expert shell, run expert To exit the expert shell and return to clish, run exit

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Introduction to the Command Line Interface

User Defined (Extended) Commands

Description Manage user defined (extended) commands in clish. Extended commands include: 1. Built in extended commands. These are mostly for configuration and troubleshooting of Gaia and Check Point products. 2. User defined commands. You can do role based administration (RBA) with extended commands by assigning extended commands to roles and then assigning the roles to users or user groups. Syntax To show all extended commands show extended commands To show the path and description of a specified extended command show command VALUE To add an extended command add command VALUE path VALUE description VALUE To delete an extended command delete command VALUE Parameters Parameter command path description Example Description Name of the extended command Path of the extended command Description of the extended command

To add the free command to the systemDiagnosis role and assign a user with that role: 1. To add the free command, run add command free path /usr/bin/free description "Display amount of free and used memory in the system" 2. Save the configuration. Run save config 3. Log out of Gaia and log in again. 4. To add the free command to the systemDiagnosis role, run add rba role systemDiagnosis domain-type System readwritefeatures ext_free 5. To assign user john with the systemDiagnosis role, run add rba user john roles systemDiagnosis

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Chapter 4
System Information Overview
This chapter shows you how to see system information using the WebUI and some CLI commands. In This Chapter Showing System Overview Information- WebUI Showing System Overview Information - CLI (uptime, version) 25 26

Showing System Overview Information- WebUI

The Overview page contains a configurable collection of status display elements, called widgets. You can add or remove widgets from the page, move them around the page and minimize or expand them.

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System Information Overview

Currently these widgets are available: Widget System Overview Description Shows system information, including:
Installed product Product version number Kernel build Product build Edition (32 bit or 64 bit) Platform on which Gaia is installed Computer serial number (if applicable)

Network Configuration Memory Monitor CPU Monitor Security Configuration

Shows interfaces, their status and IP addresses Graphical display of memory usage Graphical display of CPU usage Lets you download the SmartConsole applications (Security Management server installations only)

To add a widget to the page, click Add Widget and select a widget to show. To move a widget, click its title bar and drag it to the desired location.

Showing System Overview Information - CLI (uptime, version)

You can use these commands to show system status.

Uptime
Description Syntax Parameters Show how long the system has been running show uptime None

Version
Description Syntax Show the name and versions of the OS components To show the full system version information, run: show version all To show version information for OS components, run: show version os build show version os edition show version os kernel To show name of the installed product show version product

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Description Parameters

Show the name and versions of the OS components Parameter all os build os edition os kernel product Description Shows all system information. The Gaia build number. The Gaia edition (32-bit or 64-bit). The Gaia kernel build number. The Gaia version.

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Chapter 5
Interface Management
This chapter includes configuration procedures and examples for configuring: Network interfaces ARP DHCP server Hosts and DNS Static routes (IPv4 and IPv6) In This Chapter Network Interfaces ARP DHCP Server Hosts and DNS IPv4 Static Routes IPv6 Static Routes 28 54 56 59 62 70

Network Interfaces
Gaia supports these network interface types: Ethernet physical interfaces. Alias (Secondary IP addresses for different interface types). VLAN Bond Bridge Loopback Note - When you add, delete or make changes to interface IP addresses, it is possible that when you use the Get Topology option in SmartDashboard, the incorrect topology is shown. If this occurs, run cpstop and then cpstart in expert mode.

Interface Link Status

You can see the status of physical and logical interfaces by using the WebUI or the CLI.

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To see interface status using the WebUI:

1. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces.

2. Double-click an interface to see its parameters.

Link Status Grey (Down)

Description The physical interface is disabled (Down).

Red (no Link)

The physical interface is enabled (up), but Gaia cannot find a network connection.

Green (Up)

The physical interface is enabled (up) and connected to the network.

To see interface status using the CLI, run show interfaces all

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Configuration using the CLI

This section explains the CLI interface command and its parameters. Description Syntax Add, delete and configure interface properties. add interface <IF> 6in4 <Tunnel ID> remote <IP> ttl <Time> 6to4 <Tunnel ID> ttl <Time> alias <IP> loopback <IP> vlan <VLAN ID> delete interface <IF> 6in4 <Tunnel ID> 6to4 <Tunnel ID> alias <IP> ipv4-address <IP> ipv6-address <IP> ipv6-autoconfig loopback <IP> vlan <VLAN ID> set interface <IF> ipv4-address <IP> mask-length <Mask> subnet-mask <Mask> ipv6-address <IP> mask-length <Mask> ipv6-autoconfig <on | off> comments <Text> mac-addr <MAC> mtu <MTU setting> state <on | off> link-speed <Speed Duplex> auto-negotiation <on | off>

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Parameters

interface 6in4 6to4 remote ttl alias

Configures a physical or virtual interface Configures a 6in4 tunnel for IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 network Configures a 6to4 tunnel for IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 network Sets the remote IP address for a 6in4 or 6to4 tunnel Sets the time-to-live value for a 6in4 or 6to4 tunnel Assigns more than one IP addresses to a physical interface (IPv4 only) Assigns an IP address to a logical loopback interface. This can be useful as a proxy for an unnumbered interface. Assigns a VLAN tag to an existing physical interface to create a logical subnet. Assigns the IPv4 or IPv6 address

loopback

vlan

ipv4-address ipv6-address

ipv6-autoconfig If on, automatically gets the IPv6 address from the DHCP mask-length Configures IPv4 or IPv6 subnet mask length using CIDR ( /xx) notation Configures IPv4 subnet mask using dotted decimal notation Adds free text comments to an interface definition Configures the interface hardware MAC address Configure the Maximum Transmission Unit size for an interface Sets interfaces status to on (enabled) or off (disabled). Configures the interface link speed and duplex status Configures automatic negotiation of interface link speed and duplex settings - on (enabled) or off (disabled)

subnet-mask comments mac-addr mtu

state link-speed autonegotiation

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Parameter Values

<Tunnel ID> <IP> <IF> <Time> <VLAN ID> <Mask>

Unique tunnel identifier (Integer in the range 2-4094) IPv4 or IPv6 address Interface name TTL time in seconds in the range 0-255 (default = 0) Integer in the range 2-4094 Interface net mask in dotted decimal or CIDR (/xx) notation as applicable Manually enter the applicable hardware address Integer greater or equal to 68 (Default = 1500) Enter the link speed in Mbps and duplex status using one of these values: 10M/half 10M/full 100M/half 100M/full 1000M/half 1000M/full

<MAC> <MTU Setting> <Speed>

Examples Comments

See the interface configuration section. There are some command options and parameters that you cannot do using the WebUI.

Physical Interfaces
This section has configuration procedures and examples for defining different types of interfaces on a Gaia platform. Gaia automatically identifies physical interfaces (NICs) installed on the computer. You cannot add or delete a physical interface using the WebUI or the CLI. You cannot add, change or remove physical interface cards while the Gaia computer is running.

To add or remove an interface card:

1. Turn off the computer. 2. Add, remove or replace the interface cards. 3. Start the computer. Gaia automatically identifies the new or changed physical interfaces and assigns an interface name. The physical interfaces show in the list in the WebUI.

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Configuring Physical Interfaces - WebUI

This section includes procedures for changing physical interface parameters using the WebUI.

To configure a physical interface:

1. 2. 3. 4. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. Select an interface from the list and click Edit. Select the Enable option to set the interface status to UP. On the IPv4 tab: Select Obtain IPv4 address automatically to get the IP address from the DHCP server. Or Enter the IP address and subnet mask in the applicable fields. 5. On the IPv6 tab: Select Obtain IPv6 address automatically to get the IP address from the DHCP server. Or Enter the IP address and mask length in the applicable fields. 6. On the Ethernet tab configure the link speed and duplex setting: Select Auto Negotiation to automatically configure the link speed and duplex setting. Or Select a link speed and duplex setting from the list. 7. Enter the hardware MAC address (if not automatically received from the NIC). Caution: Do not manually change the MAC address unless you are sure that it is incorrect or has changed. An incorrect MAC address can lead to a communication failure. 8. Enter a different Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) value (minimum value=68 - default=1500).

Configuring Physical Interfaces - CLI (interface)

Description Syntax Configure physical interfaces set interface <IF> ipv4-address <IP> mask-length <Mask> subnet-mask <Mask> ipv6-address <IP> mask-length <Mask> ipv6-autoconfig <on | off> comments <Text> mac-addr <MAC> mtu <MTU setting> state <on | off> link-speed <Speed_Duplex> auto-negotiation <on | off>

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Description Parameters

Configure physical interfaces interface ipv4-address ipv6-address Configures a physical or virtual interface Assigns the IPv4 or IPv6 address

ipv6-autoconfig If on, automatically gets the IPv6 address from the DHCP mask-length Configures IPv4 or IPv6 subnet mask length using CIDR ( /xx) notation Configures IPv4 subnet mask using dotted decimal notation Adds free text comments to an interface definition Configures the interface hardware MAC address Configure the Maximum Transmission Unit size for an interface Sets interfaces status to on (enabled) or off (disabled). Configures the interface link speed and duplex status Configures automatic negotiation of interface link speed and duplex settings - on (enabled) or off (disabled) IPv4 or IPv6 address Interface name Interface net mask in dotted decimal or CIDR (/xx) notation as applicable Manually enter the applicable hardware address Integer greater or equal to 68 (Default = 1500) Enter the link speed in Mbps and duplex status using one of these values: 10M/half 10M/full 100M/half 100M/full 1000M/half 1000M/full Examples set interface eth2 ipv4-address 40.40.40.1 subnet-mask 255.255.255.0 set interface eth2 mtu 1500 set interface eth2 state on set interface eth2 link-speed 1000M/full Comments There are some command options and parameters that you cannot do using the WebUI.

subnet-mask comments mac-addr mtu

state link-speed autonegotiation Parameter Values <IP> <IF> <Mask>

<MAC> <MTU Setting> <Speed_Duplex>

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.
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Aliases
Interface aliases let you assign more than one IPv4 address to physical or virtual interfaces (bonds, bridges, VLANS and loopbacks). This section shows you how to configure an alias using the WebUI and the CLI.

Configuration using the WebUI

To configure an interface alias using the WebUI:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. Click Add > Alias. To change an existing alias interface, select an interface and then click Edit. In the Add (or Edit) Alias window, select Enable to set the alias interface status to UP. On the IPv4 tab, enter the IPv4 address and subnet mask. On the Alias tab, select the interface to which this alias is assigned. You cannot change the interface for an existing alias definition.

The new alias interface name is automatically created by adding a sequence number to the interface name. For example, the name of first alias added to eth1 is eth1:0. She second alias added is eth1:1, and so on.

To delete an interface alias:

1. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. 2. Select an interface alias and click Delete. 3. When the confirmation message shows, click OK

Configuring Aliases - CLI (interface)

Description Syntax Parameter Values Configure add interface <IF> alias <IP>/<Mask> delete interface <IF> alias <Alias IF> <IP> <IF> <Mask> <Alias IF> IPv4 address Interface name IPv4 subnet mask length using CIDR ( /xx) notation Interface alias name in the format <IF>:XX, where XX is the automatically assigned sequence number.

Examples Comments

add interface eth1 alias 10.10.99.1/24 delete interface eth1 alias eth1:2 A new alias interface name is automatically created by adding a sequence number to the original interface name. For example, the name of first alias added to eth1 is eth1:0. She second alias added is eth1:1, and so on.

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

VLAN Interfaces
You can configure virtual LAN (VLAN) interfaces on Ethernet interfaces. VLAN interfaces let you configure subnets with a secure private link to gateways and management servers using your existing topology. With VLAN interfaces, you can multiplex Ethernet traffic into many channels using one cable. This section shows you how to configure VLAN interfaces using the WebUI and the CLI.
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Configuring VLAN Interfaces - WebUI

To configure a VLAN interface using the WebUI:
1. In the WebUI navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. 2. Click Add > VLAN. To change an existing VLAN interface, select an interface and then click Edit. 3. In the Add (or Edit) VLAN window, select the Enable option to set the VLAN interface to UP. 4. IPv4 and IPv6 tabs, enter the IP addresses and subnet information as necessary. You can optionally select the Obtain IP Address automatically option. 5. On the VLAN tab, enter or select a VLAN ID (VLAN tag) between 2 and 4094.

6. In the Member Of field, select the physical interface related to this VLAN. Note - You cannot change the VLAN ID or physical interface for an existing VLAN interface. To change these parameters, delete the VLAN interface and then create a New VLAN interface.

Configuration Using the CLI

This section is a reference for the VLAN interface commands. Description Syntax Use these commands to configure bridge interfaces. add interface <IF> vlan <VLAN ID> set interface <IF>.<VLAN ID> ipv4-address <IP> mask-length <Length>|subnet-mask<Mask> ipv6-address <IP> mask-length <Length> ipv6-autoconfig delete interface <IF> vlan <VLAN ID> interface ipv4-address ipv6-address ipv6-autoconfig on off Configure an interface Assign an IPv4 address Assign an IPv6 address Automatically configure an IPv6 address Enable automatic configuration Disable automatic configuration

Parameters

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Description Values

Use these commands to configure bridge interfaces. <IF> <VLAN <IP> <Length> ID> Physical interface related to this VLAN VLAN identifier (integer range 1-4094) IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) Mask length (integer value)

Example

add interface vlan eth1 set interface eth1.99 ipv4-address 99.99.99.1 subnet-mask 255.255.255.0 set interface eth1.99 ipv6-address 209:99:1 mask-length 64 delete interface eth1 vlan 99

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

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CLI Procedures To add a new VLAN interface:

Run add interface <IF Name> vlan <VLAN ID> <IF Name> - Physical interface associated with this VLAN <VLAN ID> - VLAN ID (VLAN tag)

Example: add interface eth1 vlan 10

To add IP addresses to a VLAN interface:

Run: set interface <IF Name>.<VLAN ID> ipv4-address <IPv4 Address> [ipv6-address <IPv6 Address>] <IF Name> - Physical interface associated with this VLAN <VLAN ID> - VLAN ID (VLAN tag) <IPv4 Address> - Interface IPv4 address and the subnet in CIDR notation (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx) <IPv6-address> - Interface IPv6 address and the prefix (only if you are using IPv6)

Examples: set interface eth1.99 ipv4-address 99.99.99.1 subnet-mask 255.255.255.0 set interface eth1.99 ipv6-address 209:99:1 mask-length 64

To delete a VLAN Interface:

Run: delete interface <IF Name> vlan <VLAN ID> Example: delete interface eth1 vlan 10

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Bond Interfaces (Link Aggregation)

Check Point security devices support Link Aggregation, a technology that joins multiple physical interfaces into one virtual interface, known as a bond interface. The bond interface gives fault tolerance and increases throughput by sharing the load among many interfaces. Check Point devices support the IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LCAP) for dynamic link aggregation.

A bond interface (also known as a bonding group or bond) is identified by its Bond ID (for example: bond1) and is assigned an IP address. The physical interfaces included in the bond are called slaves and do not have IP addresses. You can define bond interfaces using one of these functional strategies: High Availability (Active/Backup): Gives redundancy when there is an interface or link failure. This strategy also supports switch redundancy. You can configure High Availability to work one of in these modes: Round Robin - Selects the active slave interface sequentially. Active/Backup - If the active slave interface goes down, the connection automatically fails over to the primary slave interface. If the primary slave interface is not available, the connection fails over to a different slave.

Load Sharing (Active/Active): Slave interfaces are active simultaneously. Traffic is distributed among the slave interfaces to maximize throughput. Load Sharing does not support switch redundancy. You can configure load sharing using one of these modes: Round Robin - Selects the active slave interface sequentially. 802.3ad - Dynamically uses active slaves to share the traffic load using the LACP protocol. This protocol enables full interface monitoring between the gateway and a switch. XOR - Selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the TCP/IP layer.

Configuring Bond Interfaces - WebUI

To configure a bond interface using the WebUI:
1. Make sure that the slave interfaces do not have IP addresses. 2. On the WebUI Network Interfaces page, click Enable. 3. For a new bond interface, select Add > Bond. For an existing Bond interface, double-click the bond interface. 4. Select the Enable option to activate the bond interface. 5. On the Ipv4 and IPv6 tabs (optional), enter the IP address information. 6. On the Bond tab, select or enter a Bond Group name. This parameter is an integer between 1 and 1024. 7. Select slave interfaces from the Available Interfaces list and then click Add. 8. Select an Operation Mode (Round Robin is the default). 9. On the Advanced tab, select a Link Monitoring option and its frequency in milliseconds: Media Monitoring Interval - This sets the frequency of requests sent to the Media Independent Interface (MMI) to confirm that a slave interface is up. The valid range is 1-5000 ms and the default is 100 ms.

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ARP Monitoring - This defines the frequency of ARP requests sent to confirm that a slave interface is up. ARP requests are sent to as many as five external MAC addresses.

10. Select the UP and Down intervals in milliseconds. This parameter defines the waiting time, in milliseconds, to confirm the slave interface status before taking the specified action. 11. Select the Primary Interface (for Active/Backup bonds only). 12. Select the Transmit Hash Policy (XOR only). This parameter selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the specified TCP/IP layer. 13. Select the LACP Rate. This parameter sets the LACPDU packet transmission rate.

Configuring Bond Interfaces - CLI

When using the CLI, bond interfaces are known as bonding groups. When using the CLI to create a bond interface, do these procedures in order: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Create the bond interface. Define the slave interfaces and set them to the UP (on) State. Define the bond operating mode. Define other bond parameters as necessary. Make sure that the bond interface is working correctly. Note - Before running the CLI commands, make sure that the slave interfaces do not have an IP Address already assigned.

Link Aggregation - CLI (bonding)

This section is a quick reference for link aggregation commands. The next sections include procedures for different tasks, including explanations of the configuration options. Description Use these commands to configure link aggregation.

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Syntax

Parameters

add bonding group <Bond ID> interface <Slave> delete bonding group <Group Name> interface <Slave> set bonding group <Group Name> primary VALUE mii-interval VALUE up-delay VALUE down-delay VALUE arp-polling-interval VALUE mode VALUE lacp-rate VALUE xmit-hash-policy VALUE show bonding group <Group Name> show bonding groups <Group Name> Bonding Group name (br followed by an integer between 1 and 1024) Example: br40 <Slave> primary mii-interval Slave interface name Name of primary slave interface Frequency that the system polls the Media Independent Interface (MMI) to get status Waiting time to confirm the slave interface status before taking the specified action (0-5000 ms default = 200 ms). Frequency of ARP requests sent to confirm a that slave interface is up Bond interface operating mode:
round-robin - Selects the active slave interface sequentially. active-backup - If the active slave interface goes down, the connection automatically fails over to the primary slave interface. If the primary slave interface is not available, the connection fails over to a different slave. xor - Selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the TCP/IP layer. 8023AD - Dynamically uses active slaves to share the traffic load using the LACP protocol. This protocol enables full interface monitoring between the gateway and a switch.

up-delay down-delay arp-polling-interval

mode

lacp-rate xmit-hash-policy

Sets the LACPDU packet transmission rate Selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the specified TCP/IP layer

Example

set bonding group 666 20 eth2 show bonding groups

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Output

Bonding Interface: 20 Bond Configuration xmit_hash_policy Not configured down-delay 200 primary Not configured mode round-robin up-delay 200 mii-interval 100 lacp_rate Not configured arp-polling-interval 0 Bond Interfaces eth2 eth3 Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

Creating or Deleting a Bond Interface To add a new bond interface:

Run add bonding group <Bond_id>. <Bond ID> - Bond name (integer between 1 and 1024) Example: add bonding group 777

To delete a bond interface:

1. Make sure that you remove all slave interfaces from the bond. Run delete bonding group <bond_id>. Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

Defining the Bond Operating Mode

You can define bond interfaces using one of these operating modes: Round Robin - Selects the active slave interface sequentially. Active/Backup - If the active slave interface goes down, the connection automatically fails over to the primary slave interface. If the primary slave interfaces is not available, the connection fails over to a different slave. 802.3ad - Dynamically uses active slaves to share the traffic load using the LACP protocol. This protocol enables full interface monitoring between the gateway and a switch. XOR - Selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the TCP/IP layer.

To define the bond operating mode:

Run set bonding group <Bond_id> mode <mode>. Bond ID - Bond name Mode - One of these key words: round-robin active-backup xor 8023AD
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Interface Management

Example: set bonding group 777 mode round-robin

Defining Slave Interfaces

A bond interface typically contains between two and eight slave interfaces. This section shows how to add and remove a slave interface. The slave interface must not have IP addresses assigned to it.

To add a slave interface to a bond, run:

add bonding group <Bond ID> interface <IF Name> Bond ID - Bond name IF Name - Slave interface name

Example: add bonding group 777 interface eth4 Note - Do not change the bond state manually. This is done automatically by the bonding driver.

To delete a slave interface from a bond, run:

delete bonding group <Bond ID> interface <IF Name> Example: delete bonding group 777 interface eth4 Note - You must delete all non-primary slave interfaces before you remove the primary slave interface.

Defining the Primary Slave Interface

When using the Active/Backup operating mode, the system automatically fails over to the primary slave interface, if available. If the primary interface is not available, the system fails over to a different slave interface. By default, the first slave interface that you define is the primary interface. You must define the slave interfaces and set the operating mode as Active/Backup before doing this procedure. Note - You must delete all non-primary slave interfaces before you remove the primary slave interface.

To define the primary slave interface, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> primary <IF> Bond ID - Bond name IF - Interface name

Example set bonding group 777 primary eth4

Defining the Media Monitoring Interval

This sets the frequency of requests sent to the Media Independent Interface (MMI) to confirm that a slave interface is up. The valid range is 1-5000 ms and the default is 100 ms.

To configure the MMI, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> mii-interval <Interval> Bond ID - Bond name Interval - Frequency range (1-5000 ms default = 100 ms)

Example: set bonding group 777 mii-interval 500

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To disable MMI monitoring, run: set bonding group <Bond ID> mii-interval 0 Defining the ARP monitoring interval
This defines the frequency of ARP requests sent to confirm that a slave interface is up. ARP requests are sent to as many as five external MAC addresses.

To configure the ARP interval, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> arp-polling-interval <Interval> Bond ID - Bond name Interval - Frequency (1-5000 ms default = 100 ms)

Example: Set bonding group 777 arp-polling-interval 500

To disable the ARP interval, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> arp-polling-interval 0

Defining the UP and Down Delay Times

This parameter defines the waiting time, in milliseconds, to confirm the slave interface status before taking the specified action.

To configure the UP and Down delay times, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> down-delay <Delay time> set bonding group <Bond ID> up-delay <Delay time> Bond ID - Bond name Delay Time - Delay (0-5000 ms default = 200 ms)

Example: set bonding group 777 down-delay 500

Defining Load Sharing Parameters

When using load sharing modes (XOR or 802.3ad), you can configure these parameters: LACP Rate - This parameter sets the LACPDU packet transmission rate. Transmit Hash Policy (802.3ad only) - This parameter selects the algorithm for slave selection according to the specified TCP/IP layer.

To set the LACP rate, run

set bonding group <Bond ID> lacp-rate [slow | fast] Bond ID - Bond name Fast - LACPDU packets sent every second Slow - LACPDU packets sent every 30 seconds

Example: set bonding group 777 lacp-rate

To set the Transmit Hash Policy, run:

set bonding group <Bond ID> xmit-hash-policy <layer> Bond ID - Bond name Layer - TCP/IP layer layer2 - Uses XOR of the physical interface MAC address layer3+4 - Uses upper layer protocol information

Example: set bonding group 777 xmit-hash-policy layer2

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Making Sure that Link Aggregation is Working

To make sure that a link aggregation is working for a specified bond interface, run this command from the expert mode: cat /proc/net/bonding/<Bond ID> Example with output: cat /proc/net/bonding/bond666 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eth2 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 100 Down Delay (ms): 200 Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 2 Permanent HW addr: 00:50:56:94:11:de

Bridge Interfaces
Check Point security devices support bridge interfaces that implement native, Layer-2 bridging. Configuring an interface as a bridge lets network administrators deploy security devices in an existing topology without reconfiguring the existing IP routing scheme. This is an important advantage for large-scale, complex environments. Gaia does not support Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) bridges. You configure Ethernet interfaces (including aggregated interfaces) on your Check Point security device to work like ports on a physical bridge. The interfaces then send traffic using Layer-2 addressing. You can configure some interfaces as bridge interfaces, while other interfaces on the same device work as layer-3 devices. Traffic between bridge interfaces is inspected at Layer-2. Traffic between two Layer-3 interfaces, or between a bridge interface and a Layer-3 interface is inspected at Layer-3. This section shows you how to configure bridge interfaces using the WebUI and the CLI.

Configuring Bridge Interfaces - WebUI

To configure a bridge interface:
1. 2. 3. 4. In the WebUI navigation tree, select Network Interfaces. Select the Enable option to activate the bridge interface. Click Add > Bridge. For an existing bridge interface, select the interface and then click Edit. In the Add (or Edit) Bridge window IPv4 and IPv6 tabs, enter the IP addresses and subnet information as necessary. You can optionally select the Obtain IP Address automatically option.

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5. On the Bridge tag, enter or select a Bridge Group ID (Range: 1 and 1024).

6. On the Bridge tab, select the applicable interfaces from the Available Interfaces list and then click Add.

Configuring Bridge Interfaces - CLI (bridging)

..This section includes quick reference for bridge interface commands. The next section includes procedures for different tasks, including explanations of the configuration options. Description Syntax Values Use these commands to configure bridge interfaces. add bridging group <Group Name> [interface <IF>] delete bridging group <Group Name> interface <IF> show bridging group <Group Name> <Group Name> Name of bridging group <IF> Example Interface name

set bridging group 666 interface eth1

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

Configuration using the CLI

Bridge interfaces are known as Bridging Groups in Gaia CLI commands. You can optionally assign an IPv4 or IPv6 address to a bridge interface. To create a new bridge interface: Run: add bridging group <Group Name> interface <IF> <Group Name> - Bridging Group name (unique integer between 0 and 1024) <IF> - Physical interface name

Run this command once for each physical interface included in the bridge interface.

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To delete a bridge interface:

1. Run: delete bridging group <Group Name> interface <IF>. This command deletes the physical interface. Run this command once for each physical interface included in the bridge interface. 2. Run: delete bridging group <Group Name>. This command deletes the bridge interface itself.

To add or change a bridge interface IP address:

For an IPv4 IP address, run set interface <Group Name> ipv4-address <IP> subnet-mask <Mask>. For an IPv6 IP address, run set interface <Group Name> ipv6-address <IP> mask-length <Prefix>. <Group Name> - Bridging group name <IP> - IP address - IPv4 or IPv6 as required <Mask> - IPv4 subnet mask in dotted decimal format <Prefix> - IPv6 prefix length

Example: set interface 777 ipv6-address 3000:40::1 mask-length 64

Loopback Interfaces
You can define a virtual loopback interface by assigning an IPv4 or IPv6 address to the lo (local) interface. This can be useful for testing purposes or as a proxy interface for an unnumbered interface. This section shows you how to configure a loopback interface using the WebUI and the CLI.

Configuring Loopback Interfaces - WebUI

To configure a loopback interface using the WebUI:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. Click Add > Alias. To change an existing loopback interface, select an interface and then click Edit. In the Add (or Edit) window, select Enable to set the loopback interface status to UP. On the IPv4 tab, enter the IPv4 address and subnet mask. On the IPv6 tab, enter the IPv6 address and mask length.

The new loopback interface name is automatically created by adding a sequence number to the string 'loop'. For example, the name of first loopback interface is loop00. She second loopback interface is loop01, and so on.

To delete an interface alias:

1. In the navigation tree, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. 2. Select an alias interface and click Delete. 3. When the confirmation message shows, click OK

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Configuring Loopback Interfaces - CLI (interface)

Description Syntax Parameters and Values Configure loopback interfaces add interface lo loopback <IP>/<Mask> delete interface lo loopback <IF> loopback lo Configures a loopback interface. You must use the lo (local interface) keyword to define a loopback interface. IPv4 or IPv6 address. IPv4 subnet mask or IPv6 mask length using CIDR ( /xx) notation. Loopback interface name (loopXX)

<IP> <Mask>

<IF> Examples Comments

add interface lo loopback 10.10.99.1/24 add interface lo loopback 2010:10:99::1/64 delete interface lo loopback loop01 When you create a new loopback interface, Gaia automatically assigns a name in the format loopXX, where XX is a sequence number starting from 00.

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

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VPN Tunnel Interfaces

A Virtual Tunnel Interface (VTI) is a virtual interface on a Security Gateway that is related to an existing, Route Based VPN tunnel. The Route Based VPN tunnel works as a point-to-point connection between two peer Security Gateways in a VPN community. Each peer Security Gateway has one VTI that connects to the tunnel. The VPN tunnel and its properties are defined by the VPN community that contains the two gateways. You must define the VPN community and its member Security Gateways before you can create a VTI. To learn more about Route Based VPN, see the Route Based VPN chapter in the R75.40 VPN Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

The procedure for configuring a VTI includes these steps:

1. Make sure that the VPN Software Blade is enabled and licensed on the applicable Security Gateways. 2. Create and configure the Security Gateways. 3. Define a VPN community in SmartDashboard ("Defining the VPN Community" on page 49) that includes the two peer Security Gateways. 4. Make Route Based VPN the default option ("Making Route Based VPN the Default Option" on page 49). Do this procedure one time for each Security Management server. 5. Define the VTI ("Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces" on page 50) using the WebUI or CLI. 6. Define Route Based VPN Rules ("Defining Directional Matching VPN Rules" on page 52). 7. Save the configuration and install the policy.

Defining the VPN Community

You must define the VPN Community and add the member Security Gateways to it before you configure a VPN Tunnel Interface. This section includes the basic procedure for defining a Site to Site VPN Community. To learn more about VPN communities and their definition procedures, see the applicable section in the R75.40 VPN Administration guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

To define a VPN Community for Site to Site VPN:

1. 2. 3. 4. In SmartDashboard, click the VPN Communities tab in the navigation tree. Right-click Site To Site and select New Site To Site > Meshed or Star. In the Community Properties window General tab, enter the VPN community name. Select Accept all encrypted traffic. This option automatically adds a rule to encrypt all traffic between gateways in a VPN community. 5. On the Participating Gateways tab, select member gateways from the list. For star communities, use the Center Gateways and Satellite Gateways tabs to do this. 6. Configure other community parameters as necessary. 7. Save your configuration to the database.

Making Route Based VPN the Default Option

When Domain Based VPN and Route Based VPN are defined for a Security Gateway, Domain Based VPN is active by default. You must do two short procedures to make sure that Route Based VPN is always active. The first procedure defines an empty encryption domain group for your peer gateways. You do this step one time for each Security Management server. The second step is to make Route Based VPN the default option for all Security Gateways.

To Define an empty group:

1. In the SmartDashboard navigation tree, right-click Groups and then select Groups > Simple Group. 2. In the Group Properties window, enter a group name in the applicable field. Do not add members to this group.

To make Route Based VPN the default choice:

1. In SmartDashboard, double-click the applicable Security Gateway. 2. In the Gateway window, click Topology.
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3. In the VPN Domain section, select Manually define and then select the empty group. Do these steps for each Security Gateway.

Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces

You can configure the VPN Tunnel Interfaces using Gaia WebUI or CLI.

Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces - WebUI

This section shows you how to configure a VPN Tunnel interface using the WebUI.

To configure a VPN Tunnel Interface:

1. In the Gaia WebUI, select Interface Management > Network Interfaces. 2. Click Add > VPN Tunnel to create a new interface. Double-click an existing VTI to change its parameters. 3. In the Add/Edit window, configure these parameters: VPN Tunnel ID - Unique tunnel name (integer from 1 to 99) Gaia automatically adds the prefix 'vpnt' to the tunnel name. Remote Peer Name- Remote peer name as defined in the VPN community. You must define the two peers in the VPN community before you can define the VTI. The Peer ID is an alpha-numeric character string. VPN Tunnel Type - Select Numbered or Unnumbered. Local Address - Defines the local peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only). Remote Address - Defines the remote peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only). Physical Device - Local peer interface name (unnumbered VTI only).

Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces - CLI (vpn tunnel)

This section shows the CLI commands used to add or delete VPN Tunnel Interfaces. Description Add or delete a VPN Tunnel Interface (VTI) Syntax add vpn tunnel <Tunnel ID> type numbered local <Local IP> remote <Remote IP> peer <Peer IP> type unnumbered peer <Peer ID> dev <IF>

delete vpn tunnel <Tunnel ID> Parameters type numbered Defines a numbered VTI that uses a specified, static IPv4 addresses for local and remote connections

type unnumbered Defines an unnumbered VTI that uses the interface and the remote peer name to get addresses local remote peer Defines the local peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) Defines the remote peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) Remote peer name as defined in the VPN community. You must define the two peers in the VPN community before you can define the VTI. The Peer ID is an alpha-numeric character string. Defines the interface (unnumbered VTI only)

dev

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Parameter Values

<Tunnel ID>

Unique tunnel name (integer from 1 to 99) Gaia automatically adds the prefix 'vpnt' to the tunnel name Example: vnpt10

<Local IP>

Local peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) in dotted decimal format Remote peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) in dotted decimal format Remote peer name as defined in the VPN community. You must define the two peers in the VPN community before you can define the VTI. The Peer ID is an alpha-numeric character string. Local peer interface name (unnumbered VTI only)

<remote IP>

<Peer ID>

<IF> Example

add vpn tunnel 20 type numbered local 10.10.10.1 remote 20.20.20.1 peer MyPeer add vpn tunnel 10 type unnumbered peer MyPeer dev eth1 delete vpn tunnel 10

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

CLI Configuration Procedures for VPN Tunnel Interfaces To add a numbered VPN Tunnel Interface:
Run: add vpn tunnel <Tunnel ID> type numbered local <Local IP> remote <Remote IP> peer <Peer ID> <Tunnel ID> - Unique tunnel name (integer from 1 to 99) Gaia automatically adds the prefix 'vpnt' to the tunnel name type numbered - Defines a numbered VTI that uses a specified, static IPv4 addresses for local and remote connections local <Local IP> - Local peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) in dotted decimal format remote <Remote IP> - Remote peer IPv4 address (numbered VTI only) in dotted decimal format peer <Peer ID> - Remote peer name as defined in the VPN community. You must define the two peers in the VPN community before you can define the VTI. The Peer ID is an alpha-numeric character string.

To add an unnumbered VPN Tunnel Interface:

Run: add vpn tunnel <Tunnel ID> type unnumbered local peer <Peer ID> <Tunnel ID> - Unique tunnel name (integer from 1 to 99) Gaia automatically adds the prefix 'vpnt' to the tunnel name type unnumbered - Defines an unnumbered VTI that uses the interface and the remote peer name to get addresses peer <Peer ID> - Remote peer name as defined in the VPN community. You must define the two peers in the VPN community before you can define the VTI. The Peer ID is an alpha-numeric character string. dev <IF> - Local peer interface name (unnumbered VTI only)
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To Delete a VPN Tunnel Interface

Run: delete vpn tunnel <Tunnel ID> <Tunnel ID> - Unique tunnel name (integer from 1 to 99) Gaia automatically adds the prefix 'vpnt' to the tunnel name

Defining VPN Rules

To make sure that your security rules work correctly with Route Based VPN traffic, you must add directional matching conditions and allow OSPF traffic. This section includes procedures for configuring security rules to do this.

Defining Directional Matching VPN Rules

This section contains the procedure for defining directional matching rules. Directional matching is necessary for Route Based VPN when a VPN community is included in the VPN column in the rule. This is because without bi-directional matching, the rule only applies to connections between a community and an encryption domain (Domain Based Routing).

The directional rule must contain these directional matching conditions: Community > Community Community > Internal_Clear Internal_Clear > Community

Community is the name of a VPN Community. Internal_Clear refers to all traffic from IP addresses to and from the specified VPN community.

Note - It is not necessary to define bidirectional matching rules if the VPN column contains the Any value.

To enable VPN directional matching:

1. In SmartDashboard, go to Policy > Global Properties > VPN > Advanced. 2. Select the Enable VPN Directional Match in VPN Column option. 3. In SmartDashboard, double-click each member gateway and go to the Topology page. a) Click Get > Interfaces with Topology to update the topology, to include the newly defined VTIs. b) Click Accept.

To define a VPN directional matching rule:

1. Double-click the VPN cell in the applicable rule.

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2. In the VPN Match Conditions window, select Match traffic in this direction only.

3. In Click Add to define sets of matching conditions. 4. In the Direction VPN Match Condition window, select the source and destination matching conditions.

Do this step for each set of matching conditions.

Defining Rules to Allow OSPF Traffic

One advantage of Route Based VPN is the fact that you can use dynamic routing protocols to distribute routing information between Security Gateways. The OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol is commonly used with VTIs. This section shows you how to allow OSPF traffic in a VPN community. To learn about configuring OSPF, see the R75.40 Gaia Advanced Routing Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

To Allow OSPF traffic for a VPN Community:

1. Using the Gaia WebUI or CLI, add the applicable VPN Tunnel Interfaces to the OSPF configuration page. 2. In SmartDashboard, add a rule that allows traffic to the VPN community (or all communities) using the OSPF service.

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Completing the VTI Configuration

You must save your configuration to the database and install policies to the Security Gateways before the VPN can be fully functional.

To complete the VTI configuration:

1. Save the configuration to the database. 2. Install the policy to the gateways. 3. Make sure that the VTI tunnel and the rules are working correctly.

ARP
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) allows a host to find the physical address of a target host on the same physical network using only the targets IP address. ARP is a low-level protocol that hides the underlying network physical addressing and permits assignment of an arbitrary IP address to every machine. ARP is considered part of the physical network system and not as part of the Internet protocols.

Configuring ARP- WebUI

To show dynamic ARP entries
1. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. 2. If you are in the Static Arp topic, click Related Topics: Dynamic ARP

To show static ARP entries

1. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. 2. If you are in the Dynamic Arp topic, click Related Topics: Static ARP

To change Static and dynamic ARP parameters

1. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. 2. If you are in the Dynamic Arp topic, click Related Topics: Static ARP 3. In the ARP Table Settings section: a) Enter the Maximum Entries. This is the maximum number of entries in the arp cache. Default: 1024, Range: 1024-16384 b) Enter the Validity Timeout. This is the time, in seconds, to keep resolved dynamic ARP entries. If the entry is not referred to and is not used by traffic before the time elapses, it is deleted. Otherwise, a request will be sent to verify the MAC address. Default: 60 (seconds), Range: 60-86400 (24 hours)

To add a static ARP entry

1. 2. 3. 4. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. If you are in the Dynamic Arp topic, click Related Topics: Static ARP Click Add. Enter the IP Address of the static ARP entry and the MAC Address used when forwarding packets to the IP address. 5. Click OK.

To delete a Static ARP entry

1. 2. 3. 4. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. If you are in the Dynamic Arp topic, click Related Topics: Static ARP Select a Static ARP entry Click Remove.

To flush all dynamic ARP entries

1. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > ARP page. 2. If you are in the Static Arp topic, click Related Topics: Dynamic ARP 3. Click Flush All.
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Configuring ARP - CLI (arp)

Description Syntax Commands to configure the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) To add a static arp entry add arp static ipv4-address VALUE macaddress VALUE To delete static and dynamic arp entries delete arp dynamic all delete arp static ipv4-address VALUE To set arp parameters set arp table validity-timeout VALUE set arp table cache-size VALUE To show arp parameters show show show show arp arp arp arp dynamic all static all table validity-timeout table cache-size

Parameters

static dynamic ipv4-address

Configured static arp entries Configured dynamic arp entries IP Address of a static ARP entry. Range: Dotted-quad ([0-255].[0-255].[0-255].[0-255]). Default: No Default

macaddress

The hardware address used when forwarding packets to the given IP address. Range: Six hexadecimal octets separated by colon. Default: No Default

table validitytimeout

This is the time, in seconds, to keep resolved dynamic ARP entries. If the entry is not referred to and is not used by traffic before the time elapses, it is deleted. Otherwise, a request will be sent to verify the MAC address. Default: 60 (seconds), Range: 60-86400 (24 hours)

table cache-size

This is the maximum number of entries in the arp cache. Default: 1024, Range: 1024-16384

Important - After using CLI commands to add, configure or delete features, you must run the save config command. This makes sure that the new configuration settings remain after reboot.

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DHCP Server
You can configure the Gaia device to be a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP server allocates IP addresses and other network parameters to network hosts. DHCP makes it unnecessary to configure each host manually, and therefore reduces configuration errors. You configure DHCP server subnets on the Gaia device interfaces. A DHCP subnet allocates these network parameters to hosts behind the Gaia interface: IPv4 address Default Gateway (optional) DNS parameters (optional): Domain name Primary, secondary and tertiary DNS server

This is the general workflow for allocating DHCP parameters to hosts (for the details, see the next section): 1. To define a DHCP subnet on a Gaia device interface: a) Enable DHCP on the Gaia network interface. b) Define the network IPv4 address of the subnet on the interface. c) Define an IPv4 address pool. d) Optional: Define routing and DNS parameters for hosts. 2. Define additional DHCP subnets on other Gaia interfaces, as needed. 3. Enable the DHCP server process. 4. Configure the network hosts to use the DHCP server.

Configuring a DHCP Server- WebUI

To allocate DHCP parameters to hosts
1. In the tree view, click Interface Management > DHCP Server. 2. In the DHCP Server Subnet Configuration section, click Add. The Add DHCP window opens. You now define a DHCP subnet on an Ethernet interface of the Gaia device. Hosts behind the Gaia interface get IPv4 addresses from address pools in the subnet. 3. Select Enable DHCP to enable DHCP for the subnet. 4. In the Subnet tab, enter the Network IP Address of the interface. Click Get from interface to do this automatically. 5. Enter the Subnet mask. 6. In the Address Pool section, click Add and define the range of IPv4 addresses that the server will assign to hosts. 7. Optional: Define a Default Lease in seconds, for host IPv4 addresses. This is applied only if clients do not request a unique lease time. If you do not enter a value, the configuration default is 43,200 seconds. 8. Optional: Define a Maximum Lease in seconds, for host IPv4 addresses. This is the longest lease available. If you do not enter a value, the configuration default is 86,400 seconds. 9. Optional: Click the Routing & DNS tab to define routing and DNS parameters for hosts: 10. 11. 12. 13. Default Gateway. The IPv4 address of the default gateway for the network hosts Domain Name. The domain name of the network hosts. For example, example.com. Primary DNS Server. The DNS server that the network hosts use to resolve hostnames. Secondary DNS Server. The DNS server that the network hosts use to resolve hostnames if the primary server does not respond.

Tertiary DNS Server. The DNS server that the network hosts use to resolve hostnames if the primary and secondary servers do not respond. Click OK. Optional: Define DHCP subnets on other Gaia interfaces, as needed. In the main DHCP Server page, select Enable DHCP Server. Click Apply.
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The DHCP server on Gaia is now configured and enabled. You can now configure your network hosts to get their network parameters from the DHCP server on Gaia.

Configuring a DHCP Server - CLI (dhcp)

Description DHCP Server commands allow you to configure the Gaia device as DHCP server for network hosts. To create DHCP Server subnets: add dhcp server subnet VALUE netmask VALUE include-ip-pool start VALUE end VALUE exclude-ip-pool start VALUE end VALUE

Syntax

To change DHCP Server subnet configurations: set dhcp server subnet VALUE enable disable include-ip-pool VALUE enable include-ip-pool VALUE disable exclude-ip-pool VALUE enable exclude-ip-pool VALUE disable default-lease VALUE max-lease VALUE default-gateway VALUE domain VALUE dns VALUE

To delete DHCP Server subnets: delete dhcp server subnet VALUE exclude-ip-pool VALUE include-ip-pool VALUE

To enable or disable the DHCP Server process: set dhcp server disable enable

To view DHCP Server configurations show dhcp server all status subnet VALUE ip-pools subnets

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Parameters

Parameter subnet VALUE

Description The IPv4 address of the DHCP subnet on an Ethernet interface of the Gaia device. Hosts behind the Gaia interface get IPv4 addresses from address pools in the subnet. For example, 192.168.3.0 The IPv4 subnet mask in CIDR notation. For example, 24 The IPv4 address that starts the allocated IP Pool range. For example 192.168.3.20 The IPv4 address that ends the allocated IP Pool range. For example 192.168.3.90

netmask VALUE

start VALUE

end VALUE

include-ip-pool The range of IPv4 addresses to include in the IP pool. For VALUE example 192.168.3.20-192.168.3.90 exclude-ip-pool The range of IPv4 addresses to exclude from the IP pool. For VALUE example: 192.168.3.155-192.168.3.254 enable Enable the DHCP Server subnet, or the DHCP Server process (depending on the context). Disable the DHCP Server subnet, or the DHCP Server process (depending on the context). The default lease in seconds, for host IPv4 addresses. This is applied only if clients do not request a unique lease time. If you do not enter a value, the configuration default is 43,200 seconds.

disable

default-lease VALUE

max-lease VALUE The maximum lease in seconds, for host IPv4 addresses. This is the longest lease available. If you do not enter a value, the configuration default is 86,400 seconds. default-gateway The IPv4 address of the default gateway for the network hosts VALUE domain VALUE The domain name of the network hosts. For example, example.com. The DNS (Domain Name Service) servers that the network hosts will use to resolve hostnames. Optionally, specify a primary, secondary and tertiary server in the order of precedence. For example 10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3 All DHCP server configuration settings. DHCP Server subnet configuration settings. The IP pools in the DHCP Server subnet, and their status: Enabled or Disabled. The status of the DHCP Server process: Enabled or disabled.

dns VALUE

all subnets subnet VALUE ip-pools status

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Example Output

gw-9403be> show dhcp server all DHCP Server Enabled DHCP-Subnet 192.168.3.0 State Enabled Net-Mask 24 Maximum-Lease 86400 Default-Lease 43200 Domain example.com Default Gateway 192.168.3.103 DNS 10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2, 10.1.1.3 Pools (Include List) 192.168.3.20-192.168.3.90 : enabled 192.168.3.120-192.168.3.150 : disabled Pools (Exclude List) 192.168.3.155-192.168.3.254 : enabled DHCP-Subnet 192.168.4.0 State Disabled Net-Mask 24 Maximum-Lease 86400 Default-Lease 43200 Pools (Include List) 192.168.4.10-192.168.4.99 : enabled DHCP-Subnet 192.168.5.0 State Disabled Net-Mask 24 Maximum-Lease 86400 Default-Lease 43200

Hosts and DNS

Host Name
You set the host name (system name) during initial configuration. You can change the name.

Configuring Host Name - WebUI

To show the host name
The host name is in the header of the WebUI.

To change the host name

1. Open the Interface Management > Host and DNS page. 2. In the System Name section, enter the Host Name. The network name of the Gaia device. Domain Name (optional). For example, example.com.

Configuring Host Name - CLI (hostname)

Description Use this group of commands to configure the host name of your platform. To set the host name set hostname VALUE To show the host name show hostname

Syntax

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Host Addresses
You should add host addresses for systems that will communicate frequently with the system. You can: View the entries in the hosts table. Add an entry to the list of hosts. Modify the IP address of a host. Delete a host entry.

Configuring Hosts- WebUI

To add a static host entry
1. Go to the Interface Management > Hosts and DNS page. 2. In the Hosts section, click Add. 3. Enter the Host Name. Must include only alphanumeric characters, dashes ('-'), and periods ('.'). Periods must be followed by a letter or a digit. The name may not end in a dash or a period. There is no default value. IPv4 address IPv6 address

To edit a static host entry

1. Go to the Interface Management > Hosts and DNS page. 2. In the Hosts section, select a host and click Edit. 3. Edit the Host Name. IPv4 address IPv6 address

To delete a static host entry

1. Go to the Interface Management > Hosts and DNS page. 2. In the Hosts section, select a host and click Delete.

Configuring Hosts - CLI (host)

Description Add, edit, delete and show the name and addresses for hosts that will communicate frequently with the system To add a host name and address: add host name VALUE ipv4-address VALUE add host name VALUE ipv6-address VALUE To edit the name and IPv4 or IPv6 address of a host: set host name VALUE ipv4-address VALUE set host name VALUE ipv6-address VALUE To delete a host name and address: delete host name VALUE ipv4 delete host name VALUE ipv6 To show an IPv4 or IPv6 host address: show host name VALUE ipv4 show host name VALUE ipv6 To show all IPv4 or IPv6 hosts: show host names ipv4 show host names ipv6
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Parameters

Parameter name VALUE

Description The name of a static host. Must include only alphanumeric characters, dashes ('-'), and periods ('.'). Periods must be followed by a letter or a digit. The name may not end in a dash or a period. There is no default value.

ipv4-address The IPv4 address of the host VALUE ipv6-address The IPv6 address of the host VALUE

Domain Name Service (DNS)

Gaia uses the Domain Name Service (DNS) to translate host names into IP addresses. To enable DNS lookups, you must specify the primary DNS server for your system. You can also specify secondary and tertiary DNS servers. When resolving host names, the system consults the primary name server. If a failure or time-out occurs, the system consults the secondary name server, and if necessary, the tertiary. You can also define a DNS Suffix, which is a search for host-name lookup.

Configuring DNS - WebUI

To configure the DNS Server for the Gaia computer:
1. In the WebUI, go to the Interface Management > Hosts and DNS page. 2. In the System Name section, enter the Domain Name. For example, example.com. 3. In the DNS Section, enter the a) DNS Suffix. A search list for host-name lookup. The search is normally determined from the local domain name. By default, it contains only the local domain name. A valid domain name suffix is made up of subdomain strings separated by periods. Subdomain strings must begin with an alphabetic letter and may consist only of alphanumeric characters and hyphens. The domain name syntax is described in RFC 1035 (modified slightly in RFC 1123). For example, if you set the DNS Suffix to example.com and try to ping some host foo (by running ping foo), and foo cannot be resolved, then the resolving computer will try to resolve foo.example.com. b) IPv4 address of the Primary DNS Server. The server to use when resolving hostnames. This should be a host running a DNS server c) (Optional) IPv4 address of the Secondary DNS Server. The server to use when resolving hostnames if the primary server does not respond. This should be a host running a DNS server. d) (Optional) IPv4 address of the Tertiary DNS Server. The server to use when resolving hostnames if the primary and secondary servers do not respond. This should be a host running a DNS server.

Configuring DNS - CLI (dns)

Description Configure, show and delete the DNS servers and the DNS suffix for the Gaia computer.

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Syntax

To configure the DNS servers and the DNS suffix for the Gaia computer. set set set set dns dns dns dns primary VALUE secondary VALUE tertiary VALUE suffix VALUE

To show the DNS servers and the DNS suffix for the Gaia computer. show show show show dns dns dns dns primary secondary tertiary suffix

To delete the DNS servers and the DNS suffix for the Gaia computer. delete delete delete delete Parameters dns dns dns dns primary secondary tertiary suffix The server to use when resolving hostnames. This should be a host running a DNS server. The server to use when resolving hostnames if the primary server does not respond. This should be a host running a DNS server. The server to use when resolving hostnames if the primary and secondary servers do not respond. This should be a host running a DNS server. A search list for host-name lookup. The search is normally determined from the local domain name. By default, it contains only the local domain name. A valid domain name suffix is made up of subdomain strings separated by periods. Subdomain strings must begin with an alphabetic letter and may consist only of alphanumeric characters and hyphens. The domain name syntax is described in RFC 1035 (modified slightly in RFC 1123). For example, if you set the DNS Suffix to example.com and try to ping some host foo (by running ping foo), and foo cannot be resolved, then the resolving computer will try to resolve foo.example.com. VALUE An IPv4 address

primary

secondary

tertiary

suffix

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IPv4 Static Routes

A static route defines the destination and one or more paths (next hops) to get to that destination. You define static routes manually using the WebUI or the set static-route command from the CLI. Static routes let you add paths to destinations that are unknown by dynamic routing protocols. You can define multiple paths (next hops) to a destination and define priorities for selecting a path. Static routes are also useful for defining the default route. Static route definitions include these parameters: Destination IP address. Route type: Normal - Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination. Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source. Black hole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message. Address - Identifies the next hop gateway by its IP address. Logical - Identifies the next hop gateway by the interface that connects to it. Use this option only if the next hop gateway has an unnumbered interface.

Next-hop gateway type:

Gateway identifier - IP address or interface name. Priority (Optional) - Assigns a path priority when there are many different paths. Rank (Optional) - Selects a route when there are many routes to a destination that use different routing protocols. You must use the CLI to configure the rank.

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Configuring IPv4 Static Routes - WebUI

You can configure static routes one at a time or use the Batch Mode to configure many routes simultaneously.

To configure one static route at a time:

1. In the WebUI navigation tree, select Static Routes. 2. In the Static Routes pane, click Add or Select a route and click Edit to change an existing route. 3. In the Add (or Edit) Destination Route window, enter the IPv4 address and subnet mask.

4. Select the Next Hop Type. Normal - Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination. Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source.

Black Hole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message. 5. Click Add Gateway or double-click an existing gateway. 6. For new interfaces only, select an interface type. Normal - Identifies the destination gateway by its IP address. Network Interface - Identifies the next hop gateway by the interface that connects to it. Use this option only if the next hop gateway has an unnumbered interface. This option is known as a logical interface in the CLI. 7. In the Add (or Edit) Interface Gateway window, enter the IP address or interface name.

8. Select a Priority between 1 and 8. The priority sets the order for selecting the next hop among many gateways. 1 (default) is the highest priority and 8 is the lowest. This parameter is required.

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Configuring Many Static Routes at Once

You can use the batch mode to configure multiple static routes in one step. Note - You cannot configure a network (logical) interface using this option.

To add many static routes at once:

1. In the WebUI navigation tree, select Static Routes. 2. In the Static Routes pane, click Add Multiple Static Routes.

3. In the Add Multiple Routes window, select the Next Hop Type. Normal - Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source

Black Hole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message 4. Add the routes in the text box, using this syntax: <Destination IP>/<Mask length> <Next Hop IP> [<Comment>]

default - Use this as an alternative to the default route IP address Destination IP - Destination IP address using dotted decimal notation Mask length - Net mask using slash (/xx) notation Next Hop IP - Next hop gateway IP address using dotted decimal notation Comment - Optional free text comment

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Examples: default 10.1.1.0/24 192.168.11.1 "Default Route" 20.20.20.0/24 125.33.33.11 5. Click Apply. The newly configured more static routes show in the list of Static Routes in the Static Routes page. Note - The text box shows entries that contain errors with messages at the top of the page. 6. Correct errors and reload the affected routes. 7. Click the Monitoring tab to make sure that the routes are configured correctly.

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Configuring Static Routes - CLI (static-route)

You only use the set operation with the static-route command, even when adding or deleting a static route. Description Add, change or delete an IPv4 static route. Syntax set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway address <GW IP> [priority <P Value>] on|off nexthop gateway logical <GW IF> [priority <P Value>] on|off nexthop blackhole nexthop reject set static-route <Destination> off set static-route <Destination> rank <0-255> Parameter nexthop Defines the next hop path, which can be a gateway, blackhole or reject. Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination. Drops packets, but does not send an error message. Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source. Identifies the next hop gateway by its IP address. Identifies the next hop gateway by the interface that connects to it. Use this option only if the next hop gateway has an unnumbered interface. Assigns a path priority when there are many different paths. The available path with the lowest priority value is selected. Adds the specified route or next hop. Deletes the specified route or next hop. If you specify a next hop, only the specified path is deleted. If no next hop is specified, the route and all related paths are deleted. Selects a route when there are many routes to a destination that use different routing protocols. The route with the lowest rank value is selected. Use the rank keyword in place of the nexthop keyword with no other parameters. Values <Destination> Destination IP address using dotted decimal/mask length (slash) notation. You can use the default keyword instead of an IP address when referring to the default route. Gateway IP address in dotted decimal notation in dotted decimal format without a net mask. Name of the interface that connects to the next hop gateway. Priority. An integer between 1 and 8 (default=1). Rank. An integer between 0 and 255 (default=0).

gateway blackhole reject address logical

priority

on off

rank

<GW IP>

<GW IF> <P Value> <Rank Value>

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Examples

set set set set set

static-route static-route static-route static-route static-route

4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 7.7.7.6 on 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 9.9.9.2 off 4.4.4.0/24 off 172.116.14.0/24 nexthop blackhole 40.40.40.0/24 rank 2

Comments

There are no add commands for the static-route feature. To show static routes, run show route static

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CLI Procedures
This section includes some basic procedures for managing static routes using the CLI.

To show static routes, run

show route static Codes: C - Connected, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP, O - OSPF IntraArea (IA - InterArea, E - External, N - NSSA) A - Aggregate, K - Kernel Remnant, H - Hidden, P - Suppressed S S S 0.0.0.0/0 172.29.48.0/24 172.116.14.0/24 via 192.168.3.1, eth0, cost 0, age 164115 is a blackhole route is a reject route

To add a static route, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IP> on set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IF> on Destination - Destination IP address. GW IP - Next hop gateway IP address. GW IF - Interface that connects to the next hop. Example: set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 7.7.7.6 on set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway logical 7.7.7.6 on

To add a static route with paths and priorities, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW ID> priority <P Value> Destination - Destination IP address GW IP - Next hop gateway IP address P Value - Integer between 1 and 8 (default =1) Run this command for each path, assigning a priority value to each. You can define two or more paths using the same priority to specify a backup path with equal priority. Examples: set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 9.9.9.2 on priority 1 set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 9.9.9.3 on priority 1 set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway logical eth4 on priority 2 set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway logical eth5 on priority 3

To add a static route where packets are dropped, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop reject set static-route <Destination> nexthop blackhole Destination - Destination IP address. Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source. Blackhole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message. Examples: set static-route 172.116.14.0/24 nexthop reject or set static-route 172.116.14.0/24 nexthop blackhole

To delete a route and all related paths, run:

set static-route <Destination> off Destination - Destination IP address. Example: set static-route 172.116.14.0/24 off
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To delete a path only, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW ID> off Destination - Destination IP address. GW ID - Next hop gateway IP address or interface name. Example: set static-route 4.4.4.0/24 nexthop gateway address 7.7.7.6 off

IPv6 Static Routes

Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - WebUI
You can configure IPv6 static routes one at a time.

To configure one static route at a time:

1. In the WebUI navigation tree, select IPv6 Static Routes. 2. In the IPv6 Static Routes pane, click Add or Select a route and click Edit to change an existing route. 3. In the Add (or Edit) Destination Route window, enter the IPv6 address and prefix (default = 64). 4. Select the Next Hop Type. Normal - Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination. Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source.

Black Hole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message. 5. Click Add Gateway or double-click an existing gateway. 6. In the Add (or Edit) Gateway window, enter the IP address or interface name. 7. Select a Priority between 1 and 8. The priority defines the sequence for selecting the next hop among many gateways. 1 is the highest priority and 8 is the lowest. This parameter is required.

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Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - CLI (ipv6 static-route)

This section includes a complete command reference for the ipv6 static-route command. You can only use the set operation with this command, even when adding or deleting a static route. Description Syntax Add, change or delete an IPv4 static route. set ipv6 static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IP> [priority <P Value>] on|off interface <GW IF> [priority <P Value>] on|off nexthop blackhole nexthop reject off nexthop on off Defines the next hop path. Enables the specified route or next hop. Deletes the specified route or next hop. If you specify a next hop, only the specified path is deleted. If no next hop is specified, the route and all related paths are deleted. Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination. Drops packets, but does not send an error message. Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source. Identifies the next hop gateway by the interface that connects to it. Use this option only if the next hop gateway has an unnumbered interface. Assigns a path priority when there are many different paths. The available path with the lowest priority value is selected. The gateway with the lowest priority value is selected. Destination IP address. gateway - Accepts and sends packets to the specified destination reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source blackhole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message<GW IP> <GW IF> Identifies the next hop gateway by its IP address. Identifies the next hop gateway by the interface that connects to it. Use this option only if the next hop gateway has an unnumbered interface. Integer value between 1 and 8 (default=1).

Parameter

gateway blackhole reject interface

priority

Value

<Destination> <Route Type>

<P Value>

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Examples

set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop 3900:172::1 priority 2 on set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop 3900:172::1 interface eth3 priority 2 on set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop off set ipv6 static-route 3300:123::0/64 nexthop blackhole

Comments

There are no add or show commands for the static route feature.

CLI Procedures - IPv6 Static Routes

This section includes some basic procedures for managing static routes using the CLI.

To show IPv6 static routes, run

show ipv6 route static Codes: C - Connected, S - Static, B - BGP, Rg - RIPng, A - Aggregate, O - OSPFv3 IntraArea (IA - InterArea, E - External), K - Kernel Remnant, H - Hidden, P - Suppressed S S S S 3100:55::1/64 3200::/64 3300:123::/64 3600:20:20:11::/64 is is is is directly connected a blackhole route a blackhole route directly connected, eth3

To add an IPv6 static route, run:

set ipv6 static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IP> on set ipv6 static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IP> interface <GW IF> on Destination - Destination IPv6 address. GW IP - Next hop gateway IPv6 address. GW IP - Next hop gateway interface name. Example: set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop gateway 3900:172::1 on set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop gateway 3900:172::1 interface eth3 on

To add an IPv6 static route with paths and priorities, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW ID> priority <P Value> Destination - Destination IP address. GW IP - Next hop gateway IP address. P Value - Integer between 1 and 8 (default =1) Run this command for each path, assigning a priority value to each. You can define two or more paths using the same priority to specify a backup path with equal priority. Example: set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop gateway 3900:172::1 priority 3 on

To add an IPv6 static route where packets are dropped, run:

set ipv6 static-route <Destination> nexthop reject set ipv6 static-route <Destination> nexthop blackhole Destination - Destination IP address. Reject - Drops packets and sends an error message to the traffic source. Blackhole - Drops packets, but does not send an error message.

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Examples: set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop reject or set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop blackhole

To delete an IPv6 route and all related paths, run:

set ipv6 static-route <Destination> off Destination - Destination IP address. Example: set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 off

To delete a path only, run:

set static-route <Destination> nexthop gateway <GW IP> off Destination - Destination IP address. GW IP - Next hop gateway IP address or interface name. Example: set ipv6 static-route 3100:192::0/64 nexthop gateway 3900:172::1 off

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System Management
This chapter describes the system management options In This Chapter Time Time SNMP Job Scheduler Mail Notification Messages Session System Logging Network Access 74 78 79 92 94 95 97 97 98

Time
All Security Gateways, Security Management Servers and cluster members must synchronize their system clocks. This is important for these reasons: SIC trust can fail if devices are not synchronized correctly. Cluster data synchronization requires precise member clock synchronization. SmartEvent correlation uses time stamps that must be synchronized to approximately one a second. Making sure that cron jobs run at the correct time. Making sure that applications that use system time to certificates are valid find the correct time.

You can set the system time and date: From a time server, using Network Time Protocol (NTP). Manually using the WebUI.

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet standard protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers in a network to the millisecond. NTP runs as a continuous background client program on a computer. It sends periodic time requests to the servers you configure, obtains server time stamps, and uses them to adjust the clients clock. It is recommended to configure more than one server for redundancy.

Configuring Time and l - WebUI

To set time and date automatically using NTP:
1. In the WebUI tree, click System Management > Time. 2. Click Set Time and Date. The Time and Date Settings window opens. 3. Select Set Time and Date automatically using Network Time Protocol (NTP).
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4. Define the Primary NTP server and the Version. Optionally, define a Secondary NTP server. 5. Click OK.

To show and manually set the system time and date:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > Time. 2. Click Set Time and Date. The Time and Date Settings window opens. 3. Select Set Time and Date manually. 4. Enter the Time and Date in their related fields. 5. Click OK.

To show and manually set the time zone:

1. 2. 3. 4. In the tree view, click System Management > Time. Below Time Zone, click Set Time Zone. The Time zone Settings window opens. Select the time zone from the drop down list. Click OK.

Configuring NTP
NTP
Description Syntax Use this command to configure Network Time Protocol (NTP) To monitor and troubleshoot your NTP implementation: show ntp active show ntp current show ntp servers To add a new NTP server: set ntp active VALUE set ntp server primary VALUE version VALUE set ntp server secondary VALUE version VALUE To delete an NTP server: delete ntp server VALUE Parameters Parameter active current primary secondary version server Example Output Description On to activate the NTP server. Off to deactivate. The IP address of the NTP server you are using. The IP address of the primary NTP server. The IP address of the secondary NTP server. The version number of the NTP server. The IP address of the NTP server.

show ntp servers IP Address pool.ntp.org Type Primary Version 4

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Comments

Server-Specifies the IP address of the time server from which your system synchronizes its clock. The specified time server does not synchronize to the local clock of your system. Version-The version number Specifies which version of NTP to run. Check Point recommends that you run version 3.

Time
Description Syntax Show and set the system time in HH:MM:SS format To set the time: set time VALUE To show the time show time

Parameters

Parameter VALUE show time 12:03:54

Description The current system time in HH:MM:SS format

Example Output

Clock
Description Syntax Show current system date and time To show the clock show clock Parameters Parameter clock Description The current system day, date, and time. The current system time is in HH:MM:SS format.

Example Output

show clock Thu Oct 6 15:20:00 2011 IST

Time Zone
Description Syntax Show and Set the system time zone in the format AREA / REGION To set the time zone set timezone VALUE / VALUE To show the time zone show timezone Parameters Parameter VALUE / VALUE Description The time zone in the format AREA / REGION AREA is a geographic area, such as Asia REGION is a region inside a specific area, such as Jerusalem. Use TAB to list available values.
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Example

Set Time Zone America /Detroit

Date
Description Syntax Show and Set the system date To set the date set date VALUE To show the date show date Parameters Parameter VALUE Description The date in the YYYY-MM-DD format.

Example

set date 2012-08-10

Configuring NTP - CLI (ntp)

NTP
Description Use this command to configure and troubleshoot the Network Time Protocol (NTP). To monitor and troubleshoot your NTP implementation: show ntp active show ntp current show ntp servers To add a new NTP server: set ntp active VALUE set ntp server primary VALUE version VALUE set ntp server secondary VALUE version VALUE To delete an NTP server: delete ntp server VALUE Parameters Parameter active current primary secondary version server Example Output Description On to activate the NTP server. Off to deactivate. The IP address of the NTP server you are using. The IP address of the primary NTP server. The IP address of the secondary NTP server. The version number of the NTP server. The IP address of the NTP server.

Syntax

show ntp servers IP Address pool.ntp.org Type Primary Version 4

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Comments

Server-Specifies the IP address of the time server from which your system synchronizes its clock. The specified time server does not synchronize to the local clock of your system. Version-The version number Specifies which version of NTP to run. Check Point recommends that you run version 3.

Setting the Date Manually - CLI (date) Showing the Time & Date - CLI (clock) Setting the Time Manually - CLI (Time) Setting the Time Zone Manually - CLI (timezone)

Time
Synchronized clock times are very important for a variety of purposes, such as: Distributed applications that require time synchronization, such as cluster member synchronization. Analyzing event logs from different devices. For example, in audit logs, network devices time stamps must be synchronized to about a second, to correlate events. Ensuring cron jobs run at the correct time. Ensuring that applications that use system time to make sure that certificates are valid find the correct time.

You can set the system time and date: Manually From a time server, using Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet standard protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers in a network to the millisecond. NTP runs as a continuous background client program on a computer. It sends periodic time requests to the servers you configure, obtains server time stamps, and uses them to adjust the clients clock. It is recommended to configure more than one server for redundancy.

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SNMP
Through the SNMP protocol, network management applications can query a management agent using a supported MIB. The Check Point SNMP implementation lets an SNMP manager monitor the system and modify selected objects only. You can define and change one read-only community string and one read-write community string. You can set, add, and delete trap receivers and enable or disable various traps. You can also enter the location and contact strings for the system. For more detailed information about the MIBs that the Check Point implementation supports, download a PDF version of the online documentation from the Check Point support site at http://support.checkpoint.com (http://support.checkpoint.com\n - http://support.checkpoint.com\n). To view detailed information about each supported MIB, go to the /etc/snmp/mibs directory. The Check Point implementation also supports the User-based Security model (USM) portion of SNMPv3. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet standard protocol. SNMP is used to send and receive management information to other network devices. SNMP sends messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), to different network parts. SNMP-compliant devices, called agents, keep data about themselves in Management Information Bases (MIBs) and resend this data to the SNMP requesters. The Gaia implementation of SNMP is built on UCD-SNMP 4.0.1. Changes have been made to the first version to address security and other fixes. For more information, see Net-SNMP (http://www.net-snmp.org http://www.net-snmp.org). Warning - If you use SNMP, it is recommended that you change the community strings for security purposes. If you do not use SNMP, disable the community strings. SNMP, as implemented on Check Point platforms, supports: GetRequest, GetNextRequest, GetBulkRequest, and a select number of traps. The Check Point implementation also supports SetRequest for three attributes only: sysContact,sysLocation, and sysName. You must configure a read-write community string for set operations to work. SNMP v1, v2, and v3. For more information about SNMP v3, see Managing SNMP Users. Note - The Check Point implementation of SNMPv3 does not yet support SNMPv3 traps. Other public and proprietary MIBs. MIB Source Rate-Shape MIB proprietary

Function Monitoring rate-shaping statistics and configuration. Monitoring system-specific parameters. Defines the system MIB for Gaia. The chassis temperature, fan group, and power-supply group function only on certain firewalls. Defines the object ID (OID) prefixes. Defines the object ID (OID) prefixes. Contains OID values for the different types of circuit cards used in Check Point equipment. Provides management information of TCP implementations. Generic objects for Ethernet-like network interfaces. Provides information about the system, such as hardware, software, processes, CPU utilization, disk utilization, and so on.

Gaia System MIB

proprietary

Gaia Registration MIB OID Registration MIB Unit Types MIB

proprietary proprietary proprietary

TCP MIB

RFC 2012

EtherLike MIB Host Resources MIB

RFC 1650 RFC 1514

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MIB IANAifType MIB

Source IANA

Function Defines the IANAifType textual convention, including the values of the ifType object defined in the MIB-II ifTable. Describes generic objects for network interface sublayers Provides management information for IP and ICMP implementations. Displays CIDR multipath IP routes. Describes the management of ISDN interfaces. Note: The isdnMibCallInformation trap is not supported by Gaia.

IF MIB

RFC 2233

IP MIB

RFC 2011

IP Forwarding MIB ISDN MIB

RFC 2096 RFC 2127

VRRP MIB RIP MIB SNMP Framework MIB SNMP MPD MIB SNMP User-based SM MIB SNMPv2 MIB

RFC 2787 RFC 1724 RFC 2571 RFC 2572 RFC 2574

Provides dynamic failover statistics. Describes RIP version 2 protocol. Outlines SNMP management architecture. Provides message processing and dispatching. Provides management information definitions for SNMP User-based Security Model Defines SNMPv2 entities. Note: The warmStart trap is not supported.

RFC 1907

SNMPv2 SMI SNMPv2 TC

RFC 2578 RFC 854 Defines textual conventions for various values reported in OIDs and Traps. Describes peer information for demand access and other kinds of interfaces. Note: Gaia does not support the dialCtlPeerCallInformation and dialCtlPeerCallSetup traps.

Dial-Control MIB

RFC 2128

Entity MIB

RFC 2737

Represents the multiple logical entities that a single SNMP agent supports. Gaia does not support the entConfigChange trap. Provides statistics about IP tunnels. Provides statistics about UDP implementations. Keeps statistics and errors in one or more circuits of a device implementing Frame Relay.

Tunnel-MIB UDP-MIB Frame Relay DTE MIB

RFC 2667 RFC 2013 RFC 2115

Token Ring MIB Check Point MIB

RFC 1748 proprietary Statistics and version information on any firewalls currently installed.

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MIB 1213 MIB

Source RFC 1213

Function Contains the original definition of MIB-II. Check Point provides this MIB with the system to ensure backwards compatibility with SNMP v1. Provides information about Gaia load- balancing systems. Contains hardware management information. Note: Gaia does not send the traps that this MIB supports when the Check Point platform is used as an IP security device.

Gaia-LBCluster-MIB

proprietary

HWM MIB

proprietary

Common MIB OID Registration MIB Common NE Role MIB Enhanced SNMP Solution Suite Alarm IRP MIB Enhanced SNMP Solution Suite Common Definition MIB Enhanced SNMP Solution Suite PM Common Definition MIB Enhanced SNMP Solution Suite PM IRP MIB NE3S Registration MIB Link Aggregation MIB

proprietary

proprietary proprietary Note: Gaia does not send traps that this MIB supports when the Check Point platform is used as an IP security device. Note: Gaia does not send traps that this MIB supports when the Check Point platform is used as an IP security device.

proprietary

proprietary

proprietary

Note: Gaia does not send traps that this MIB supports when the Check Point platform is used as an IP security device.

proprietary proprietary Contains the traps required for managing link aggregation.

NTP MIB SNMPv2-CONF

proprietary Gaia does not support this MIB but it is included for those customers who need it to enable their management tools. This MIB resides in the /etc/snmp/mibs/unsupported directory.

The proprietary MIBs and the public MIBs are supplied with the system. To see more detailed information about the MIBs, see the /etc/snmp/mibs directory. Note - The SNMPv2-CONF MIB resides in the /etc/snmp/mibs/unsupported directory. The SNMP agent implemented in Gaia enables an SNMP manager to monitor the device and to change the sysName, sysContact, and sysLocation objects only. Note - If you select the Disable checkbox, all community strings are disabled and SNMPv1 and v2 do not function. This has the same effect as selecting only SNMPv3 in the earlier step. Use Gaia to run these tasks:
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Define and change one read-only community string. Define and change one read-write community string. Enable and disable the SNMP daemon. Create SNMP users. Change SNMP user accounts. Add or delete trap receivers. Enable or disable the various traps. Enter the location and contact strings for the device.

SNMP Proxy Support for Check Point MIB

Gaia supports the use of a proxy for SNMP GetRequest and SNMP GetNextRequest for Check Point objects. These are guidelines and limitations you must be aware of.

Using the Check Point MIB

You must use the Check Point version of the Check Point MIB (CP-MIB) text file in $FWDIR/lib/snmp of your network management tool. Whenever Gaia SNMPd starts or restarts, it searches for the CheckPoint-MIB.txt. This is an example of a message you may see as a result of the search: IP650 [admin]# Jan 31 12:17:19 IP650 [LOG_ERR] snmpd: Cannot find module (CheckPoint-MIB) : At line 1 in (none) You can ignore this message. Note - Any SNMP requests to the CP-MIB when the Check Point SNMPd (CP-SNMPd) is not running, time out (the Gaia SNMPd does not respond). The SNMP Proxy support is hard-coded to work only with the CP-SNMPd. It is not a generic proxy that you can use to access other MIBs. If you change these default configurations, the SNMP Proxy for the CP-MIB does not work: CP-SNMPd must continue to run on port 260. CP-SNMPd must continue to accept SNMPv1 and have a read community set to public. CP-SNMPd must continue to be accessible through localhost on the Check Point Gaia device.

The SNMP Proxy is not a trap proxy and only proxies SNMP Get and SNMP GetNext requests. When simultaneous SNMP queries arrive, the SNMP Proxy returns valid values to only one request. Because Gaia uses a proxy to support the Check Point MIB, refer to the Check Point documentation for any limitations on the CP-SNMPd.

Configuring SNMP - WebUI

Enable SNMP
The SNMP daemon is enabled by default. If you choose to use SNMP, configure it according to your security requirements. At minimum, you must change the default community string to something other than public. It is also advised to select SNMPv3, rather than the default v1/v2/v3, if your management station supports it. Note - If you do not plan to use SNMP to manage the network, disable it. Enabling SNMP opens potential attack vectors for surveillance activity. It lets an attacker learn about the configuration of the device and the network. You can choose to use all versions of SNMP (v1, v2, and v3) on your system, or to grant SNMPv3 access only. If your management station supports v3, select to use only v3 on your Gaia system. SNMPv3 limits
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community access. Only requests from users with enabled SNMPv3 access are allowed, and all other requests are rejected.

To Enable SNMP:
1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. Select Enable SNMP Agent. Warning - You must start the Check Point SNMP daemon after you start the Check Point Security Gateway services. If you start the Check Point SNMP daemon before you start Security Gateway services, the Gaia daemon does not start. 3. In Version drop down list, select the version of SNMP to run: 1/v2/v3 (any) Select this option if your management station does not support SNMPv3. v3-Only Select this option if your management station supports v3. SNMPv3 provides a higher level of security than v1 or v2. 4. In SNMP Location String, enter a string that contains the location for the system. The maximum length for the string is 128 characters. That includes letters, numbers, spaces, special characters. For example: Bldg 1, Floor 3, WAN Lab, Fast Networks, Speedy, CA 5. In SNMP Contact String, enter a string that contains the contact information for the device. The maximum length for the string is 128 characters. That includes letters, numbers, spaces, special characters. For example: John Doe, Network Administrator, (111) 222-3333 6. Click Apply.

SNMP Agent Address

An agent address is a specified IP address at which the SNMP agent listens and reacts to requests. The default behavior is for the SNMP agent to listen to and react to requests on all interfaces. If you specify one or more agent addresses, the system SNMP agent listens and responds only on those interfaces. You can use the agent address as a different method to limit SNMP access. For example: you can limit SNMP access to one secure internal network that uses a specified interface. Configure that interface as the only agent address.

To Set an SNMP Agent Address:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. The SNMP Addresses table shows the applicable interfaces and their IP addresses. 2. Select the header row checkbox to select all or select individual interfaces. Note - If no agent addresses are specified, the SNMP protocol responds to requests from all interfaces.

To Configure the Chosen Version:

1. In the V1/V2 Settings section, in Read Only Community String, set a string other than public. This is a basic security precaution that you must always use. 2. (Optional). Set a Read-Write Community String. Warning - Set a read-write community string only if you have reason to enable set operations, and if your network is secure. V3 - User-Based Security Model (USM) Gaia supports the user-based security model (USM) component of SNMPv3 to supply message-level security. With USM (described in RFC 3414), access to the SNMP service is controlled on the basis of user identities. Each user has a name, an authentication pass phrase (used for identifying the user), and an optional privacy pass phrase (used for protection against disclosure of SNMP message payloads). The system uses the MD5 hashing algorithm to supply authentication and integrity protection and DES to supply encryption (privacy). It is recommended to use authentication and encryption. You can use them independently by specifying one or the other with your SNMP manager requests. The Gaia system responds accordingly.
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Note - Check Point systems do not protect traps with authentication or encryption. SNMP users are maintained separately from system users. You can create SNMP user accounts with the same names as existing user accounts or different. You can create SNMP user accounts that have no corresponding system account. When you delete a system user account, you must separately delete the SNMP user account.

To Add a USM User:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. Below V3 - User-Based Security Model (USM), click Add. The Add New USM User window opens. 3. In User Name, The range is 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters with no spaces, backslash, or colon characters. This can be the same as a user name for system access. 4. In Security Level, select from the drop down list: authPrivThe user has authentication and privacy pass phrases and can connect with or without privacy encryption. authNoPrivThe user has only an authentication pass phrase and can connect only without privacy encryption. 5. In Authentication Pass Phrase, enter a password for the user that is between 8 and 128 characters in length. 6. In Privacy Pass Phrase, enter a pass phrase that is between 8 and 128 characters in length. Used for protection against disclosure of SNMP message payloads. 7. Click Save. The new user shows in the table.

To delete a USM user

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. Below V3 - User-Based Security Model (USM), select the user and click Remove. The Deleting USM User Entry window opens. 3. The window shows this message: Are you sure you want to delete "username" entry? Click Yes.

To Edit a USM User:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. Below V3 - User-Based Security Model (USM), select the user and click Edit. The Edit USM User window opens. 3. In the window you can change the security level, the authentication passphrase, or the privacy pass phrase. 4. Click Save.

SNMP Traps
Managed devices use trap messages to report events to the network management station (NMS). When some types of events occur, the platform sends a trap to the management station. Traps are defined in text files located in the /etc/snmp/mibs directory: System traps are defined in the IPSO-System-MIB. The ifLinkUpDown trap is defined in the IF-MIB. Clustering traps are defined in the IPSO-LBCluster-MIB. Disk mirror traps are defined in the IPSO-System-MIB.

Below is a list of the objects related to individual traps: The systemTrapConfigurationChange, systemTrapConfigurationFileChange, and systemTrapConfigurationSaveChange traps are related to the GaiaConfigGroup objects. These objects include GaiaConfigIndex, GaiaConfigFilePath, GaiaConfigFileDateAndTime, GaiaConfigLogSize, GaiaConfigLogIndex, and GaiaConfigLogDescr. The systemTrapDiskMirrorSetCreate, systemTrapDiskMirrorSetDelete, systemTrapDiskMirrorSyncFailure, and systemTrapDiskMirrorSyncSuccess traps are related to the GaiaDiskMirrorGroup objects. These objects include GaiaTotalDiskMirrorSets, GaiaMirrorSetIndex, GaiaMirrorSetSourceDrive, GaiaMirrorSetDestinationDrive, and GaiaMirrorSetSyncPercent.
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The linkUp and linkDown traps are related to the ifIndex, ifAdminStatus, and ifOperStatus objects.

Types of SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 traps which Gaia supports. Note - The Check Point implementation of SNMPv3 does not yet support SNMPv3 traps. Type of Trap coldStart linkUp/ linkDown Description Notifies when the SNMPv2 agent is re-initialized. Notifies when one of the links, which is administratively up, comes up or is lost. Notifies when a port is added to a link aggregation group. Notifies when a port is removed from a link aggregation group. Notifies when an SNMP operation is not properly authenticated. Although all implementation of SNMPv2 must be able to generate this trap, the snmpEnableAuthenTraps object indicates if this trap is generated.

lamemberActive lamemberInactive

Authorization

vrrpTrapNewMaster vrrpTrapAuthFailure

Notifies when a new VRRP master is elected. Notifies when a VRRP hello message is not properly authenticated. Notifies when a change to the system configuration is applied. Notifies when a different configuration file is selected.

systemTrapConfigurationChange

systemTrapConfigurationFileChan ge

systemTrapConfigurationSaveCha Notifies when a permanent change to the system nge configuration occurs. systemTrapLowDiskSpace Notifies when space on the system disk is low. This trap is sent if the disk space utilization has reached 80 percent or more of its capacity. If this situation persists, a subsequent trap is sent after 15 minutes.

systemTrapNoDiskSpace

Notifies when the system disk is full. This trap is sent if 2 percent or less of the disk space remains available, or if the remaining disk space is equal to or less than 1 MB. If this situation persists, a subsequent trap is sent after 15 minutes.

systemTrapDiskFailure

Notifies when a particular disk drive fails. Note - The systemTrapDiskFailure applies only to Check Point platforms that support disk mirroring.

systemTrapDiskMirrorSetCreate

Notifies when a system disk mirror set is created.

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systemTrapMirrorSetDelete

Notifies when a system disk mirror set is deleted.

systemTrapDiskMirrorSyncSucces Notifies when a system disk mirror set is successfully s synced. systemTrapDiskMirrorSyncFailure Notifies when a system disk mirror set fails during syncing. Note - The disk mirror traps are supported only on systems where disk mirroring is supported. clusterMemberReject Notifies when a member request to join a cluster is rejected. Notifies when a member node joins the cluster. Notifies when a member node leaves the cluster. Notifies when a cluster is formed and a new master is elected. Notifies when a failover occurs from the primary cluster network to the secondary cluster network. Notifies when a power supply for the system fails. This trap includes the power supply index and is supported only on platforms with two power supplies installed and run.

clusterMemberJoin clusterMemberLeft clusterNewMaster

clusterProtocolInterfaceChange

systemPowerSupplyFailure

systemFanFailure

Notifies when a CPU or chassis fan fails. This trap includes the fan index. Notifies when a power supply failure occurs because of high temperature. This trap is followed by a power supply failure trap that specifies the power supply index that failed. The power supply failure trap is supported only on platforms with two power supplies installed and run.

SystemOverTemperature

systemSnmpProcessShutdown

Notifies when the status of the SNMP daemon is changed, turned off or turned on.

To Enable or Disable trap Types:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. In the Enabled Traps section, click Set. The Add New Trap Receiver window opens. Select from the Disabled Traps list, and click Add> to set as Enabled Trap. To disable, select from the Enabled Traps list, and click Remove> to Disable Trap. Click Save. In Trap User, select an SNMP user from the drop down list. In Polling Frequency, enter or use the arrows to select the number of seconds between polls. Click Apply.

To Configure Trap Receivers (management stations):

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. In the Trap Receivers Settings section, click Add. The Add New Trap Receiver window opens.
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3. 4. 5. 6.

In IPv4 Address, enter the IP address (or the hostname if DNS is set) of a receiver. In Version, Select the Trap SNMP Version for the trap receiver from the drop down menu. In Community String, enter the community string for the specified receiver. Click Save.

To Edit Trap Receivers:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. In the Trap Receivers Settings section, select the trap and click Edit. The Edit Trap Receiver window opens. 3. You can change the Version or the community string. 4. Click Save.

To Delete Trap Receivers:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > SNMP. 2. In the Trap Receivers Settings section, select the trap and click Remove. The Deleting Trap Receiver Entry window opens. 3. The window shows this message: Are you sure you want to delete "IPv4 address" entry? Click Yes.

Configuring SNMP - CLI (snmp)

Description Syntax Use These commands to configure SNMP Enable SNMP Set Commands: set set set set show show show show snmp snmp snmp snmp snmp snmp snmp snmp agent VALUE agent-version VALUE location VALUE contact VALUE agent agent-version location contact

Show Commands:

Delete Commands: delete snmp location delete snmp contact SNMP Agent Address Add commands: add snmp address VALUE Set Commands: set snmp community VALUE read-only set snmp community VALUE read-write Show Commands: show snmp address show snmp community Delete Commands: delete snmp address VALUE delete snmp community VALUE

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Version Settings Add Commands: add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authNoPriv auth-pass-phrase VALUE add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authNoPriv auth-pass-phrase-hashed VALUE add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv auth-pass-phrase VALUE privacy-pass-phrase VALUE add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv auth-pass-phrase VALUE privacy-pass-phrase-hashed VALUE add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv auth-pass-phrase-hashed VALUE privacy-pass-phrasehashed VALUE add snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv auth-pass-phrase-hashed VALUE privacy-pass-phrase VALUE Set Commands: set snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authNoPriv auth-pass-phrase VALUE set snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv auth-pass-phrase VALUE privacy-pass-phrase VALUE set snmp usmc user VALUE security-level authPriv privacy-pass-phrase VALUE auth-pass-phrase VALUE Show Commands: show snmp usmc user VALUE show snmp usmc users Delete Commands: delete snmp usmc user VALUE

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SNMP Traps Add Commands: add snmp traps receiver VALUE version v1 community VALUE add snmp traps receiver VALUE version v2 community VALUE add snmp traps receiver VALUE version v3 Set Commands: set snmp VALUE set snmp set snmp VALUE set snmp set snmp set snmp set snmp show show show show traps receiver VALUE version v1 community traps polling-frequency VALUE traps receiver VALUE version v2 community traps traps traps traps receiver VALUE version v3 trap VALUE disable trap VALUE enable trap-user VALUE enabled-traps polling-frequency receivers trap-user

Show Commands: snmp snmp snmp snmp traps traps traps traps

Delete Commands: delete snmp traps polling-frequency delete snmp traps receiver VALUE delete snmp traps trap-user Parameter Description snmp agent on or off to enable or disable. snmp agentversion location any or v3-Only

Parameters

In SNMP Location String, enter a string that contains the location for the system. The maximum length for the string is 128 characters. That includes letters, numbers, spaces, special characters. For example: Bldg 1, Floor 3, WAN Lab, Fast Networks, Speedy, CA In SNMP Contact String, enter a string that contains the contact information for the device. The maximum length for the string is 128 characters. That includes letters, numbers, spaces, special characters. For example: John Doe, Network Administrator, (111) 222-3333 An interface IP address. If you do not select one at which the SNMP Agent listens and responds to requests, it responds to requests from all interfaces. Set a string. This is a basic security precaution. The default is public. Set a string (optional).
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contact

snmp address

community VALUE read-only community VALUE read-write

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usmc user

The range is 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters with no spaces, backslash, or colon characters. This can be the same as a user name for system access. The user has only an authentication pass phrase and can connect only without privacy encryption. The user has authentication and privacy pass phrases and can connect with or without privacy encryption.

authNoPriv

authPriv

auth-pass-phrase A password for the user that is between 8 and 128 characters in length. auth-passphrase-hashed privacy-passphrase A hashed password for the user that is between 8 and 128 characters in length. A pass phrase that is between 8 and 128 characters in length. Used for protection against disclosure of SNMP message payloads. All USMC users IP address selected to receive traps sent by the agent. Set a string The trap name The number of seconds

usmc users traps receiver

community traps trap pollingfrequency trap-user

The user which generates the traps.

Example Output Comments

show snmp traps enabled-traps authorizationError CLI only displays the enabled traps. For all trap types, see table in Configuring SNMP - WebUI (on page 82). In pass phrase, notice the different options for regular and hashed pass phrase: auth-pass-phrase and auth-pass-phrasehashed

Interpreting Error Messages

This section lists and explains certain common error status values that can appear in SNMP messages. Within the PDU, the third field can include an error-status integer that refers to a specific problem. The integer zero (0) means that no errors were detected. When the error field is anything other than 0, the next field includes an error-index value that identifies the variable, or object, in the variable-bindings list that caused the error. The following table lists the error status codes and their meanings.

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Error status code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Meaning

Error status code 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Meaning

noError tooBig NoSuchName BadValue ReadOnly genError noAccess wrongType wrongLength wrongEncoding

wrongValue noCreation inconsistentValue resourceUnavailable commitFailed undoFailed authorizationError notWritable inconsistentName

Note - You might not see the codes. The SNMP manager or utility interprets the codes and displays and logs the appropriate message. The subsequent, or fourth field, contains the error index when the error-status field is nonzero, that is, when the error-status field returns a value other than zero, which indicates that an error occurred. The error-index value identifies the variable, or object, in the variable-bindings list that caused the error. The first variable in the list has index 1, the second has index 2, and so on. The next, or fifth field, is the variable-bindings field. It consists of a sequence of pairs; the first is the identifier. The second element is one of the following five: value, unSpecified, noSuchOjbect, noSuchInstance, and EndofMibView. The following table describes each element. Variablebindings element value unSpecified noSuchObject Description

Value associated with each object instance; specified in a PDU request. A NULL value is used in retrieval requests. Indicates that the agent does not implement the object referred to by this object identifier Indicates that this object does not exist for this operation. Indicates an attempt to reference an object identifier that is beyond the end of the MIB at the agent.

noSuchInstance endOfMIBView

GetRequest
The following table lists possible value field sets in the response PDU or error-status messages when performing a GetRequest.

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Value Field Set Description noSuchObject If a variable does not have an OBJECT IDENTIFIER prefix that exactly matches the prefix of any variable accessible by this request, its value field is set to noSuchObject.

noSuchInstance If the variable's name does not exactly match the name of a variable, its value field is set to noSuchInstance. genErr If the processing of a variable fails for any other reason, the responding entity returns genErr and a value in the error-index field that is the index of the problem object in the variable-bindings field. If the size of the message that encapsulates the generated response PDU exceeds a local limitation or the maximum message size of the requests source party, then the response PDU is discarded and a new response PDU is constructed. The new response PDU has an error-status of tooBig, an error-index of zero, and an empty variable-bindings field.

tooBig

GetNextRequest
The only values that can be returned as the second element in the variable-bindings field to a GetNextRequest when an error-status code occurs are unSpecified or endOfMibView.

GetBulkRequest
The GetBulkRequest minimizes the number of protocol exchanges by letting an SNMPv2 manager request that the response be as large as possible given the constraints on the message size. The GetBulkRequest PDU has two fields that do not appear in the other PDUs: non-repeaters and maxrepetitions. The non-repeaters field specifies the number of variables in the variable-bindings list for which a single-lexicographic successor is to be returned. The max-repetitions field specifies the number of lexicographic successors to be returned for the remaining variables in the variable-bindings list. If at any point in the process, a lexicographic successor does not exist, the endofMibView value is returned with the name of the last lexicographic successor, or, if there were no successors, the name of the variable in the request. If the processing of a variable name fails for any reason other than endofMibView, no values are returned. Instead, the responding entity returns a response PDU with an error-status of genErr and a value in the error-index field that is the index of the problem object in the variable-bindings field.

Job Scheduler
You can use WebUI to access cron and schedule regular jobs. You can configure the jobs to run at the dates and times that you specify, or at startup.

Configuring Job Scheduler - WebUI

To schedule jobs:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the tree view, click System Management > Job Scheduler. Click Add. The Add A New Scheduled Job window opens. In Job Name, enter the name of the job. Use alphanumeric characters only, and no spaces. In command to Run, enter the name of the command. The command must be a UNIX command. Below Schedule, select the frequency (Daily, Weekly, Monthly, At startup) for this job. Where relevant, enter the Time of day for the job, in the 24 hour clock format. 6. Click OK. The job shows in the Scheduled Jobs table.
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7. In E-mail Notification, enter the email to receive the notifications. Note - You must also configure a Mail Server ("Configuring Mail Notification - WebUI" on page 95). 8. Click Apply.

To delete scheduled jobs

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the tree view, click System Management > Job Scheduler. In the Scheduled Jobs table, select the job to delete. Click Delete. Click OK to confirm, or Cancel to abort. In the tree view, click System Management > Job Scheduler. In the scheduled Jobs table, select the job that you want to edit. Click Edit. The Edit Scheduled Job opens. Enter the changes. Click Ok.

To edit the scheduled jobs:

Configuring Job Scheduler - CLI (cron)

Description Use these commands to configure your system to schedule jobs. The jobs run on the dates and times you specify. You can define an email address to which the output of the scheduled job will be sent. Syntax To add scheduled jobs: add cron job VALUE command VALUE add cron job VALUE command VALUE VALUE days VALUE time VALUE add cron job VALUE command VALUE time VALUE add cron job VALUE command VALUE To delete scheduled jobs: delete cron all delete cron job VALUE delete cron mailto To change existing scheduled jobs: set cron job VALUE command VALUE set cron job VALUE recurrence daily time VALUE set cron job VALUE recurrence monthly month VALUE days VALUE time VALUE set cron job VALUE recurrence weekly days VALUE time VALUE set cron job VALUE recurrence system-startup set cron mailto VALUE To monitor and troubleshoot the job scheduler configuration: show show show show cron cron cron cron job VALUE command job VALUE recurrence jobs mailto recurrence daily time VALUE recurrence monthly month recurrence weekly days VALUE recurrence system-startup

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Parameters

Parameter job command recurrence daily time

Description The name of the job. The name of the command. To specify a job for once a day, enter recurrence daily time, and the time of day, in the 24 hour clock format. For example: 14:00. To specify a job for once a month, enter recurrence monthly month, and the specific months. Each month by number, and separate by commas. For example: for January through March, enter 1,2,3 Specify a job that will run at every system startup.

recurrence monthly month

recurrence system-startup days

When the recurrence is weekly: To specify the days, enter the day by number: 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday. When the recurrence is monthly: To specify the days, enter the day by number: 1 to 31.

Separate several days with commas. For example: for Monday and Thursday enter 1,4 time To specify the time, enter the time in the twenty four hour clock format. For example: 14:00. To specify a job for once a week, enter recurrence weekly, and the day by number, when 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday. To specify a mail recipient, enter the email address. One email address per command. You must also configure a mail server ("Configuring Mail Notification - CLI (mail-notification)" on page 95).

recurrence weekly days

mailto

Output Comments

Every week on Sunday, Wednesday at 15:00 Only Show commands provide an output.

Mail Notification
Mail notifications (also known as Mail Relay) allow you to send email from the Security Gateway. You can send email interactively or from a script. The email is relayed to a mail hub that sends the email to the final recipient. Mail notifications are used as an alerting mechanism when a Firewall rule is triggered. It is also used to email the results of cron jobs to the system administrator. Gaia supports these mail notification features: Presence of a mail client or Mail User Agent (MUA) that can be used interactively or from a script. Presence of a Sendmail-like replacement that relays mail to a mail hub by using SMTP. Ability to specify the default recipient on the mail hub.

Gaia does not support these mail notification features: Incoming email. Mail transfer protocols other than outbound SMTP.
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Telnet to port 25. Email accounts other than admin or monitor.

Configuring Mail Notification - WebUI

To configure mail notifications recipient:
1. In the tree view, click System Management > Mail Notification. 2. In The Mail Server field, enter the server. For example: mail.example.com 3. In the User Name field, enter the user name. For example: [email protected] 4. Click Apply.

Configuring Mail Notification - CLI (mail-notification)

Description Syntax Use this group of commands to configure mail notifications. To configure the mail server and user that receive the mail notifications: set mail-notification server VALUE set mail-notification username VALUE To view the mail server and user configurations: show mail-notification server show mail-notification username Parameter Description server The IP address or hostname of the mail server to receive mail notifications. For example: mail.company.com The username on the mail server that receives the admin or monitor mail notifications. For example: [email protected]

Parameters

username

Example Output

show mail-notification server Mail notification server: mail.company.com

Messages
You can configure Gaia to show a Banner Message and a Message of the Day to users when they log in. Banner Message Default Message "This system is for authorized use only" Browser login page, before logging in When logging in, before entering the password Enabled Message of the Day "You have logged into the system"

When shown in WebUI

After logging in to the system

When shown in clish

After logging in to the system

Default state

Disabled

Configuring Messages - WebUI

To configure messages:
1. In the tree view, click System Management > Messages.
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2. 3. 4. 5.

To enter a Banner message, select Banner message. To enter a Message of the day, select Message of the day. Enter the messages. Click Apply.

Configuring Messages - CLI (message)

Description Set or show a banner message or a message of the day. Syntax and Examples

To define a new banner message or message of the day:

set message banner <on|off> msgvalue <banner> set message motd <on|off> msgvalue <message> Examples: set message banner on msgvalue "This system is private and confidential" set message motd on msgvalue "Hi all- no changes allowed today"

To enable or disable the banner message:

set message banner on set message banner off

To enable or disable the message of the day:

set message motd on set message motd off

To show the messages:

show message all show message banner show message motd

To show if the messages are enabled or disabled:

show message all status show message banner status show message motd status

To delete the messages:

The delete command deletes the user defined message, not the default message. To prevent a message being shown, turn off the message. 1. Delete the configured message delete message banner delete message motd This deletes the configured messages, and replace them with the default messages. 2. Disable the default messages: set message banner off set message motd off

To make multi-line banner message or message of the day:

You can append a line to an existing message. If you delete the message, all lines are deleted, and replaced with the default message.

To append a line to an existing message

set message banner on line "System maintenance today"

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Session
Manage inactivity timeout (in minutes) for the command line shell and for the WebUI.

Configuring the Session - WebUI

1. In the tree view, click System Management > Session. 2. Configure the Inactivity Timeout for the Command Line Shell. 3. Configure the Inactivity Timeout for the WebUI.

Configuring the Session - CLI (inactivity-timeout)

Description Syntax Parameters Manage inactivity timeout (in minutes) for the command line shell. set inactivity-timeout VALUE show inactivity-timeout Parameter inactivity-timeout Description The inactivity timeout (in minutes) for the command line.

System Logging
Configure the settings for the system logs, including sending them to a remote server. Make sure to configure the remote server to receive the system logs.

Configuring System Logging - WebUI

This section includes procedures for configuring system logging to remote servers using the WebUI.

To send system logs using the WebUI:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > System Logging. 2. Click Add. The Add Remote Server Logging Entry window opens. 3. In IP Address, enter the IP address of the remote server. 4. In Priority, select the severity level of the logs that are sent to the remote server. 5. Click OK.

To edit system logging settings using the WebUI:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > System Logging. 2. Select the IP address of the remote server. 3. Click Edit. The Edit Remote Server Logging Entry window opens. 4. Configure the IP Address and Priority settings. 5. Click OK.

To stop sending system logs using the WebUI:

1. In the tree view, click System Management > System Logging. 2. Select the IP address of the remote server. 3. Click Delete. A confirmation window opens. 4. Click Yes.

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Configuring System Logging - CLI (syslog)

Description Syntax Configures system logging settings To send system logs to a remote server: add syslog log-remote-address <remote ip> level <severity> To stop sending system logs to a remote server: delete syslog log-remote-address <remote ip> level <severity> To configure the file name of the system log: set syslog filename <file> To show the system logging settings: show syslog all filename log-remote-addresses syslog Configures the system logging. log-remoteaddress level filename Parameter Values <remote ip> <severity> Configures remote IP address for system logging. Filters a severity level for the system logging. Configures or shows the file name of the system log. IP address of remote computer. syslog severity level. These are the legal values:
emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug all

Parameters

<file> Example Comments

System log file name.

add syslog log-remote-address 1.1.1.1 level all set syslog filename system_logs show syslog filename There are some command options and parameters that you cannot do using the WebUI.

Network Access
Telnet is not recommended for remote login because it is not secure. SSH, for example, provides much of the functionality of Telnet with good security. Network access to Gaia using Telnet is disabled by default. However, you can allow Telnet access.

Configuring Telnet Access - WebUI

1. In the tree view, click System Management > Network Access. 2. Select Enable Telnet.
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3. Click Apply.

Configuring Telnet Access - CLI (net-access)

Description Syntax Allow or disallow network access using Telnet to the Gaia computer To allow or disallow Telnet access: set net-access telnet on set net-access telnet off To show if Telnet access is allowed or disallowed: show net-access telnet

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Advanced Routing
Dynamic Routing is fully integrated into the WebUI and the command-line shell. BGP, OSPF and RIP are supported. Dynamic Multicast Routing is supported, using PIM (Sparse mode and Dense mode) and IGMP. To learn about dynamic routing, see the R75.40 Gaia Advanced Routing WebUI and CLI Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

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User Management
This chapter describes how to manage passwords, user accounts, roles, authentication servers, system groups, and Gaia WebUI clients. Note - When a user logs in to Gaia, the WebUI navigation tree displayed and CLI commands that are available depend on the role or roles assigned to the user. If the user's roles do not provide access to a feature, the user does not see the feature in the WebUI navigation tree or in the list of commands. If the user has read-only access to a feature, they can see the WebUI page but the controls are disabled. Similarly, the user can run show commands but not set, add or delete commands. In This Chapter Change My Password Users Roles Password Policy Authentication Servers System Groups 101 101 106 111 114 118

Change My Password
A Gaia user can change his or her own Gaia password.

Change My Password - WebUI

To change your current user password:
1. 2. 3. 4. In the tree view, click User Management > Change My Password. In Old Password, enter your old password. In New Password and in Confirm New Password, enter the new Password. Click Apply.

Change My Password - CLI (selfpasswd)

Description Syntax Warning Change your own Gaia password, in an interactive dialog. set selfpasswd It is not recommended to use set selfpasswd oldpass VALUE passwd VALUE because the passwords are stored as plain text in the command history. Instead, use set selfpasswd

Users
Use the WebUI and CLI to manage user accounts. You can:
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Add users to your Gaia system. Edit the home directory of the user. Edit the default shell for a user. Give a password to a user. Give privileges to users. admin Has full read/write capabilities for all Gaia features, from the WebUI and the CLI. This user has a User ID of 0, and therefore has all of the privileges of a root user. monitor Has read-only capabilities for all features in the WebUI and the CLI, and can change its own password. You must give a password for this user before the account can be used.

These users are created by default and cannot be deleted:

New users have read-only privileges to the WebUI and CLI by default. You must be assign one or more roles before they can log in. Note - You can assign permissions to all Gaia features or a subset of the features without assigning a user ID of 0. If you assign a user ID of 0 to a user account (you can do this only in the CLI), the user is equivalent to the Admin user and the roles assigned to that account cannot be modified. When you create a user you can add pre-defined roles (privileges) to the user. For more information, see "Role-Based Administration" ("Roles" on page 106). Warning - A user with read and write permission to the Users feature can change the password of another user, or an admin user. Therefore, write permission to the Users feature should be assigned with caution.

Managing User Accounts - WebUI

To see a list of all users
Choose User Management > Users in the navigation tree. You can also see your username in the toolbar of the WebUI.

To add a user
1. Open the User Management > Users page. 2. Click Add 3. In the Add User page, enter the following: Login Name - (131 characters), Home Directory - for the new user. Must be subdirectory of /home Password.

Confirm Password 4. Click OK

To delete a user
1. Open the User Management > Users page. 2. Select the User 3. Click Delete.

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User Account Fields- WebUI

Item Login Name Description Name used to identify the user. The valid characters are alphanumeric characters, dash (-), and underscore (_). Range: 1-32 characters Real Name Home directory User's real name or other informative label. This is the full Linux path name of a directory where the user will log in. The home directory for all users must be in /home. /etc/cli.sh - User is allowed to use the full Gaia CLI (clish). This is the default option. By default, some basic networking commands (such as ping) are also available. The Extended Commands mechanism makes it possible to add Linux commands that can be used. User can run shell to enter the bash shell. /bin/bash, /bin/csh, /bin/sh, /bin/tcsh - Standard Linux shells. User can run clish to enter the clish shell. /usr/bin/scponly - User is allowed to log in only using SCP, and to transfer files to and from the system. No other commands are allowed. /sbin/nologin - User is not allowed to log in.

Shell

Reset Password

Change the user password. Important - After resetting the password, tell the user to immediately change their password in User Management > Change My Password.

Password

Use this field to enter a new password if you are changing it. Range: 6-128 characters. All printable characters are allowed. Note - If you use an asterisk (*) in a password, users with that password are unable to log in.

Confirm Password Access Mechanisms

Re-enter the new password if you are changing it. Choose whether the user is able to access Gaia from the command line, from the WebUI, both, or neither. Assign a role to the user. Define the roles in User Management > Roles.

Roles

Managing User Accounts - CLI (user)

Description Manage user accounts. You can add users, edit the home directory of the user, edit the default shell for a user, give a password to a user, and give privileges to users.

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Syntax

To add user accounts: add user <username> [uid VALUE] homedir To modify user accounts: set user <username> gid VALUE homedir VALUE newpass VALUE password password-hash VALUE realname VALUE shell VALUE uid VALUE To delete an existing user: delete user VALUE To view configuration and conditions: show users show user <username> gid homedir realname shell uid

Comments

You can use the add user command to add new users, but you must use the set user name passwd command to set the password and allow the user to log on to the system. For information on removing access mechanism permissions from a user, see the delete rba user command.

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Parameters

Parameter user <username>

Description Specifies the new user name or an existing user name. The valid characters are alphanumeric characters, dash (-), and underscore (_). Range: 1-32 characters Specifies the ID (0-65535) for the primary group to which a user belongs. Use the group management commands to specify membership in other groups.

gid VALUE

homedir VALUE Specifies the user's home directory, where the user is placed on login. Enter the full Linux path name. If the directory does not already exist, it is created. The home directory for all users must be in a directory under /home/. newpass VALUE Specifies a new password for the user. If you use this keyword to change the password, you will not be asked to verify the new password and the password you enter is visible on the terminal and is stored as plain text in the command history. password Starts a password change dialog. You will be asked to enter a new password for the user and then asked to verify it by reentering it. The password you enter will not be visible on terminal.

password-hash An encrypted representation of the password. The password is VALUE not be visible as text at the terminal or in the command history. Use this option if you want to change passwords using a script. You can generate the hash version of the password using standard Linux hash generating utilities. realname VALUE shell VALUE User's real name or other informative label.

Specifies the shell of the user, which is invoked when the user logs in. The default shell is /bin/csh. To change the shell, enter the new shell path name. /etc/cli.sh - User is allowed to use the full Gaia CLI (clish). This is the default option. By default, some basic networking commands (such as ping) are also available. The Extended Commands mechanism makes it possible to add Linux commands that can be used. User can run shell to enter the bash shell. /bin/bash, /bin/csh, /bin/sh, /bin/tcsh - Standard Linux shells. To enter the clish shell, run the command clish. /usr/bin/scponly - User is allowed to log in only using SCP, and to trasfer files to and from the system. No other commands are allowed. /sbin/nologin - User is not allowed to log in.

uid VALUE

Unique user ID (Integer 0-65535). This parameter is optional. If a value is not specified, a sequential number is assigned automatically.

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Roles
Role-based administration (RBA) lets you create administrative roles for users. With RBA, an administrator can allow Gaia users to access specified features by including those features in a role and assigning that role to users. Each role can include a combination of administrative (read/write) access to some features, monitoring (read-only) access to other features, and no access to other features. When you add a new user, the user is given access rights to the WebUI Overview page and the CLI. The user cannot access other WebUI pages or run commands from the CLI. You must assign roles to the user to give more access privileges. You can also specify which access mechanisms (WebUI or the CLI) are available to the user. Note - When users log in to the WebUI, they see only those features that they have read-only or read/write access to. If they have read-only access to a feature, they can see the settings pages, but cannot change the settings. Gaia includes these predefined roles: adminRole - Gives the user read/write access to all features. monitorRole- Gives the user read-only access to all features.

You cannot delete or change the predefined roles.

Configuring Roles - WebUI

Roles are defined in the User Management > Roles page of the WebUI. To see a list of existing roles, select User Management > Roles in the navigation tree.

To add new role or change an existing role:

1. Select User Management > Roles in the WebUI navigation tree. 2. To add a new role, click Add and enter a Role Name. The role name can be a combination of letters, numbers and the underscore (_) character, but must start with a letter. 3. To change permissions for an existing role, double-click the role. 4. In the Add or Edit Role window, click a feature (Features tab) or extended command (Extended Commands tab).

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5. Select None, Read Only or Read/Write from the options menu.

Important - A user with read/write permission to the User Management feature can change a user password, including that of the admin user. Be careful when assigning roles that include this permission.

To delete a role:
1. Select User Management > Roles in the navigation tree. 2. Select a role to delete. 3. Click Delete. Note - You cannot delete the adminRole, or monitorRole default roles. You can assign many users to a role from the Roles window.

To assign users to a role:

1. Select User Management > Roles in the WebUI navigation tree. 2. Click Assign Members. 3. In the Assign Members to Role window: a) Double-click a user in the Available Users list to add that user to the role. b) Double-click a user in the Users with Role list to remove that user from the role. You can assign the many roles to a user from the Users page. You must work with the Users page to define access mechanism permissions (Web and/or command line) for users. A

To assign roles and access mechanisms to a user:

1. Select User Management > Users in the WebUI navigation tree. 2. Double-click a user in the list. 3. In the Edit User window: Double-click a role in the Available Roles list to assign that role to the user. Double-click a role in the Assigned Roles list to remove that role from the user. Select an Access Mechanisms permission (Web or Command Line) to let the user to work with it.
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Clear an Access Mechanisms permission (Web or Command Line) to prevent the user from working with it.

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Configuring Roles - CLI (rba)

Description 1. Add, change or delete role definitions. 2. Add or remove users to or from existing roles. 3. Add or remove access mechanism (WebUI or CLI) permissions for a specified user. add rba role <Name> domain-type System readonly-features <List> readwrite-features <List> add rba user <User name> access-mechanisms [Web-UI | CLI] add rba user <User Name> roles <List> delete rba role <Name> delete rba role <Name> readonly-features <List> readwrite-features <List> delete rba user <User Name> access-mechanisms [Web-UI | CLI] delete rba user <User Name> roles <List> Parameters Role <Name> Role name as a character string that contains letters, numbers or the underscore (_) character. The role name must with a letter. Reserved for future use. Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read only permissions in the specified role. You can add read only and read write feature lists in the same command. Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read/write permissions in the specified role. You can add read only and read write feature lists in the same command. User to which access mechanism permissions and roles are assigned. Comma separated list of role names that are assigned to or removed from the specified user. Defines the access mechanisms that users can work with to manage Gaia. You can only specify one access mechanism at a time with this command.

Syntax

Domain-type System readonly-features <List>

readwrite-features <List>

user <User name>

roles <List>

access-mechanisms

Examples

add rba role NewRole domain-type System readonly-features vpn,ospf,rba readwrite-features tag, revert,fcd add rba user Paul access-mechanisms CLI,WebUI add rba user Daly roles NewRole,adminRole delete rba role NewRole delete rba user Daly roles adminRole

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Comments

There is no set operation for this command. Use the add or delete operations to add and remove features from an existing role. Use delete rba role to delete an role.

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CLI Procedures
To define a new role or add features to an existing role:
Run: add rba role <Name> domain-type System readonly-features <List> readwrite-features <List> role <Name> - Role name as a character string that contains letters, numbers or the underscore (_) character. The role name must with a letter. readonly-features <List> - Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read only permissions in the specified role. readwrite-features <List> - Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read/write permissions in the specified role.

To remove features from an existing role:

Run: delete rba role <Name> readonly-features <List> readwrite-features <List> role <Name> - Role name as a character string that contains letters, numbers or the underscore (_) character. The role name must with a letter. readonly-features <List> - Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read only permissions in the specified role. readwrite-features <List> - Comma separated list of Gaia features that have read/write permissions in the specified role.

To assign or remove roles to a user:

Run: add rba user <User Name> roles <List> delete rba user <User Name> roles <List> user <User name> - User to which access mechanism permissions and roles are assigned. roles <List> - Comma separated list of role names that are assigned to or removed from the specified user.

To Assign or remove access mechanisms (WebUI or CLI) for a user:

Run: add rba user <User name> access-mechanisms [Web-UI | CLI] delete rba user <User Name> access-mechanisms [Web-UI | CLI] user <User name> - Comma separated list of role names that are assigned to or removed from the specified user. Web-UI - Add or remove permissions to use the WebUI. CLI - Add or remove permissions to use the Gaia CLI.

Password Policy
This section explains how to configure your platform to: Enforce creation of strong passwords. Monitor and prevent use of already used passwords. Force users to change passwords at regular intervals.

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One of the important elements of securing your Check Point network security platform is to set user passwords and create a good password policy. Strong, unique passwords that use a variety of character types and require password changes, are key factors in your overall network security. Note - The password policy does not apply to nonlocal users that authentication servers such as RADIUS manage their login information and passwords. Also, it does not apply to non-password authentication, such as the public key authentication supported by SSH. To set and change user passwords, see Users (on page 101) and Change My Password (on page 101).

Password History Checks

The password history feature checks for the reuse of passwords and forces users to use a new password each time they change their password. The number of already used passwords that this feature checks against is defined by the history length. Password history check is enabled by default. The password history check Applies to user passwords set by the administrator and to passwords set by the user. Does not apply to SNMPv3 USM user pass phrases.

These are some considerations when using password history: The password history for a user is updated only when the user successfully changes password. If you change the history length, for example: from ten to five, the stored passwords number does not change. Next time the user changes password, the new password is examined against all stored passwords, maybe more than five. After the password change succeeds, the password file is updated to keep only the five most recent passwords. Passwords history is only stored if the password history feature is enabled when the password is created. The new password is checked against the previous password from before, even if the previous password is not stored in the password history.

Mandatory Password Change

The mandatory password change feature requires users to use a new password at defined intervals. Forcing users to change passwords regularly is important for a strong security policy. You can set user passwords to expire after a specified number of days. When a password expires, the user is forced to change the password the next time the user logs in. This feature works together with the password history check to get users to use new passwords at regular intervals. The mandatory password change feature does not apply to SNMPv3 USM user pass phrases.

Configuring Password Policy- WebUI

To Configure Password strength:
1. In the tree view, click User Management > Password policy. 2. In the Minimum Password Length field, enter the minimum number of characters to use in the password. The default is 6. Note - Does not apply to passwords that are already set. 3. You can Disallow Palindromes. A palindrome is a sequence of letters, numbers, or characters that are read the same in each direction. By default, it is selected. 4. In Password Complexity, select the required number of character types. The default is two character types. 5. Click Apply.

To configure password history check:

1. In the tree view, click User Management > Password policy. 2. Select Check for Password Reuse. By default, it is selected.
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3. In History Length field, enter the number of former passwords to keep and examine against for each user. The range is 1-1000. The default is 10. 4. Click Apply.

To configure mandatory user password change

1. In the tree view, click User Management > Password policy. 2. For mandatory password change to work, you must enable Check for password Reuse. 3. Select one of: Passwords never expire (the default) Password expire after n days. Enter a number from 1-1827. 4. Click Apply.

Configuring Password Policy- CLI (password-controls)

Description Use these commands to set a policy for managing user passwords. The features included in password and account management are a global and comprehensive way to manage password policy. To change password and account management configuration: set set set set set set password-controls password-controls password-controls password-controls password-controls password-controls complexity VALUE history-checking VALUE history-length VALUE min-password-length VALUE palindrome-check VALUE password-expiration VALUE

Syntax

To view password and account management configuration: show password-controls all show password-controls complexity show password-controls history-checking show password-controls history-length show password-controls min-password-length show password-controls palindrome-check show password-controls password-expiration Parameter Description complexity The required number of character types. The range is 1-4. The default is 2. history-checking history-length On or Off. On enables the history check. The number of former passwords to keep and check against for each user. The range is 1-1000. The default is 10.

Parameters

min-password-length The minimum number of characters of a password. Does not apply to passwords that have already been set. palindrome-check A palindrome is a sequence of letters, numbers, or characters that are read the same in each direction. On or Off. On prevents passwords that are palindromes. The default is On.

password-expiration The number of days after which a new password expires. The range is 1-1827. The default is never. When set to never, passwords do not expire. Does not apply to SNMP users.
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Description

Use these commands to set a policy for managing user passwords. The features included in password and account management are a global and comprehensive way to manage password policy. show password-controls all Password Strength Minimum Password Length 6 Password Complexity 2 Password Palindrome Check on Password History Password History Checking on Password History Length 10 Mandatory Password Change Password Expiration Lifetime never

Example Output

Authentication Servers
RADIUS
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a client/server authentication software system that supports remote-access applications. This service lets an organization to keep user profiles in a centralized database that resides on an authentication server. A host contacts a RADIUS server, which determines who has access to that service. You can configure the Gaia computer to work as a RADIUS client. Gaia does not include RADIUS server functionality. Gaia accepts RADIUS server users without local accounts on the Check Point system (if the RADIUS server and Gaia are configured correctly). See Configuring Nonlocal RADIUS Users. You can configure your Gaia computer to contact more than one RADIUS server. If the first server in the list is unreachable, the next RADIUS server in the priority ranking is contacted to supply the functionality. You can remove a server at all times.

TACACS
The TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System) authentication protocol allows a remote server to authenticate users on behalf of the Gaia system. Gaia can be configured to accept users configured on a TACACS+ server even if there is no corresponding local account on Gaia All information sent to the TACACS+ server is encrypted. Gaia supports TACACS+ for authentication only, and not for accounting. Challenge-response authentication, such as S/Key, over TACACS+ is not supported. You can configure TACACS+ support separately for various services. The Gaia WebUI service is one of those for which TACACS+ is supported and is configured as the httpd service. When TACACS+ is configured for use with a service, Gaia contacts the TACACS+ server each time it needs to check a user password. If the server fails or is unreachable, the password is not recognized and the user is not allowed access.

Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers - WebUI

To configure a RADIUS server:
1. In the tree view, click User Management > Authentication Servers. 2. In the RADIUS Servers section, click Add. The Add New RADIUS Server window opens. 3. In the Priority field, enter a number. This number determines which server to try first, second, and so on. 4. In the Host field, enter the IP address or name of your RADIUS server.
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Note - RADIUS supports only IPv4 addresses. 5. In UDP Port, enter the number of the UDP port to contact on the server host. The default is 1812, which is specified by the RADIUS standard. The range is 1 to 65535. Warning - Firewall software often blocks traffic on port 1812. To ensure that RADIUS packets are not dropped, make sure that each firewall between the RADIUS server and Gaia devices are configured to allow traffic on UDP port 1812. 6. In Shared secret, enter the shared secret used to authenticate the authorization profile between the RADIUS server and the local client. Enter a text string without a backslash. You must also configure this same value on your RADIUS server. The RFC recommends that the shared secret be at least 16 characters long. Some RADIUS servers limit the shared secret to 15 or 16 characters. Consult the documentation for your RADIUS server. 7. In Timeout in Seconds (optional), enter the number of seconds the system waits for a response after contacting the server. The default value is 3. Depending on your client configuration. If there is no response, it retries the same server or attempts to contact a different server. 8. Click OK.

To edit a RADIUS server:

1. 2. 3. 4. In the tree view, click User Management > Authentication Servers. Select a RADIUS client from the table. Click Edit. The Edit RADIUS Server window opens. You can edit the Host name, UDP port number, Shared secret, or the Timeout. You cannot change the Priority value. 5. Click OK.

To delete a RADIUS server:

1. 2. 3. 4. In the tree view, click User Management > Authentication Servers. Select a RADIUS client from the table. Click Delete. The Remove RADIUS Server window opens. Click OK to confirm.

Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers - CLI (aaa radiusservers)

Description Use the aaa radius-servers commands to configure Radius authentication servers Terminology note - The AAA component of Gaia manages user access to the Gaia computer. Generally, AAA includes Authentication (identifying a user), Authorization (determining what a user is permitted to do), and Accounting (tracking some aspects of a user's activity).

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Syntax

To configure RADIUS for use in a single authentication profile: add aaa radius-servers priority VALUE host VALUE [ port VALUE ] prompt-secret timeout VALUE add aaa radius-servers priority VALUE host VALUE [ port VALUE ] secret VALUE timeout VALUE To delete a RADIUS configuration: delete aaa radius-servers priority VALUE

To change the configuration of a RADIUS entry: set set set set set set aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa radius-servers radius-servers radius-servers radius-servers radius-servers radius-servers priority priority priority priority priority priority VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE host VALUE new-priority VALUE port VALUE prompt-secret secret VALUE timeout VALUE

To view a list of all servers associated with an authentication profile: show aaa radius-servers list To view the RADIUS server configuration: show aaa radius-servers priority VALUE host show aaa radius-servers priority VALUE port show aaa radius-servers priority VALUE timeout Parameters Parameter priority Description A number that indicates the priority of the server. The priority determines which server is tried first. A smaller number indicates a higher priority. Changes the priority number of the server. The name or IP address of the RADIUS server in dot-delimited format. The UDP port to contact on the server host. You determine the correct value by the configuration of your RADIUS server. Common values are 1812 (default) and 1645 (nonstandard but used traditionally).

new-priority host

port

prompt secret Prompts you to enter the shared secret during the run of the command. timeout The number of seconds to wait for the server to respond. The default value 3 seconds. The shared secret used to authenticate the RADIUS server and the local client to each other. The same value must be configured on your RADIUS server.

secret

Example Output

show aaa radius-servers priority 1 host RADIUS server host fred

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Configuring Nonlocal RADIUS Users using Vendor Specific attributes

To grant access by nonlocal users (not defined on the Gaia system), you must configure the RADIUS server and Gaia appropriately. Note - If you configure a RADIUS user with a blank password (on your RADIUS+ server), Gaia does not grant access to that user.

To configure a RADIUS server for nonlocal Gaia users

1. Copy the appropriate dictionary file to your RADIUS server: /etc/radius-dictionaries/checkpoint.dct - for Steel-Belted RADIUS server /etc/radius-dictionaries/dictionary.checkpoint - for FreeRADIUS server /etc/radius-dictionaries/dict.checkpoint - for OpenRADIUS server 2. Define the user roles. Add these Check Point Vendor-Specific Attributes (VSA) to users in your RADIUS server's user configuration file: CP-Gaia-User-Role = "role1[:domain1;domain2;..],role2[:domain1: For example: CP-Gaia-User-Role = "foorole, barrole" CP-Gaia-User-Role = "foorole:foodomain, barrole" CP-Gaia-User-Role = "foorole:foodomain;bardomain, barrole:foodomain;bardomain" Note - Make sure the role names match existing roles in the Gaia system. 3. Specify if the Check Point users must have superuser access to the Gaia shell. Add these VSA: CP-Gaia-SuperUser-Access = <0|1> in which 0 provides nonsuperuser access 1 provides superuser access

To log in as a superuser
If the Check Point Superuser VSA is set to 1 for a nonlocal user, they can log into the Gaia shell with superuser privileges: 1. Log into the system using command line. The default shell is the Gaia CLI. 2. Enter expert to access the Gaia shell. 3. Enter sudo /usr/bin/su -. The user has superuser privileges

Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers - WebUI

To configure a TACACS server:
1. In the tree view, click User Management > Authentication Servers. 2. In the TACACS+ Server section: IPv4 Address: The IPv4 address of the TACACS+ Server. Password: The shared secret used for authentication the authorization the TACACS+ server and the Gaia client. You must also configure this same value on your TACACS+ server. Enter a text string without a backslash. 3. Click Apply.

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Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers - CLI (aaa tacacsservers)

Description Use the aaa tacacs-servers commands to configure TACACS authentication servers Terminology note - The AAA component of Gaia manages user access to the Gaia computer. Generally, AAA includes Authentication (identifying a user), Authorization (determining what a user is permitted to do), and Accounting (tracking some aspects of a user's activity). Syntax To define a TACACS server entry: add aaa tacacs-servers authentication hostname VALUE key VALUE

To change the configuration of a TACACS server entry: set aaa tacacs-servers authentication hostname VALUE key VALUE set aaa tacacs-servers authentication state VALUE To view a list of all TACACS servers show aaa tacacs-servers Parameters Parameter hostname key Description The IPv4 address of the TACACS+ Server. The shared secret used for authentication the authorization the TACACS+ server and the Gaia client. You must also configure this same value on your TACACS+ server. Enter a text string without a backslash.

state

System Groups
You can define and configure groups with Gaia as you can with equivalent Linux-based systems. This function is retained in Gaia for advanced applications and for retaining compatibility with Linux. Use groups for these purposes: Specify Linux file permissions. Control who can log in through SSH.

For other functions that are related to groups, use the role-based administration feature, described in "RoleBased Administration" ("Roles" on page 106). All users are assigned by default to the users group. You can edit a users primary group ID (using clish) to be something other than the default. However, you can still add the user to the users group. The list of members of the users group includes only users who are explicitly added to the group. The list of does not include users added by default.

Configuring System Groups- WebUI

To see a list of all Groups
Choose User Management > System Groups in the navigation tree.

To add a group
1. In the User Management > System Groups page, click Add. 2. Enter the Group Name. 1-8 alphanumeric characters.
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3. Enter a Group ID number. Group ID ranges 0-99 and 65531-65535 are reserved for system use. (GID 0 is reserved for users with root permissions and GID 10 is reserved for the predefined Users groups). If you specify a value in the reserved ranges, an error message is displayed. 4. Click OK.

To add a member to a group

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the User Management > System Groups page, select a group. Click Edit. Click Add New Member. Select a user. Click OK. In the User Management > System Groups page, select the group. Click Edit. Select the member Click Remove Member Click OK

To delete a member from a group

To Delete a Group
1. In the User Management > System Groups page, select the group. 2. Click Delete. 3. Click OK.

Configuring System Groups - CLI (group)

Description Syntax The commands in this section allow you to manage groups. To view existing group members: show group VALUE To see existing groups: show groups To set the Group ID: set group VALUE gid VALUE To add a group or a group member: add group VALUE gid VALUE add group VALUE member VALUE To delete a group or a group member delete group VALUE member VALUE

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Parameters

Parameter group VALUE

Description Name of group. 1-8 alphanumeric characters, Must be unique on your system. Numeric Group ID. Must be unique on your system. Note - Group ID ranges 0-99 and 65531-65535 are reserved for system use. (GID 0 is reserved for users with root permissions and GID 10 is reserved for the predefined Users groups). If you specify a value in the reserved ranges, an error message is displayed.

gid VALUE

member VALUE

Name of a existing user. For example, admin or monitor.

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Chapter 9
High Availability
In This Chapter VRRP Advanced VRRP 121 127

VRRP
VRRP (Virtual Routing Redundancy Protocol) is a clustering solution that connects two or more Gaia appliances to work together as one gateway. You can use VRRP for high availability and/or load sharing. Each VRRP cluster, known as a Virtual Router, has a unique identifier known as its VRID (Virtual Router Identifier). A Virtual Router can have one or more virtual IP addresses (VIP) to which other network nodes connect as a final destination or the next hop in a route. By assigning more than one virtual IP address to a Virtual Router, you define alternate paths for nodes that are configured with static default routes. Static default routes minimize configuration and processing overhead on host computers. The Check Point VRRP implementation of includes additional functionality called monitored circuit. Monitored-circuit VRRP eliminates the black holes caused by asymmetric routes that can be created if only one interface on the master fails (as opposed to the entire platform failing). Gaia releases priority over all of the interfaces in the virtual router to let the backup take over entirely. Important - You cannot deploy a standalone deployment (Security Gateway and Security Management server) on the same computer) in a Gaia VRRP cluster.

This section

How VRRP Works

VRRP uses a virtual router to let end hosts use an IP address as the default first-hop router. A virtual router is defined as a unique virtual router ID (VRID), and the router IP addresses of the default route on a LAN. It is comprised of a master router and at least one backup router. If the master platform fails, VRRP specifies an election protocol that assigns a backup platform. The backup forwards IP traffic sent to the IP address of the virtual router. The master sends periodic VRRP advertisements (also known as hello messages). Check Point supplies support for OSPF, BGP, RIP, and PIM (sparse and dense modes) to advertise the IP address of the VRRP virtual router. You must use monitored-circuit VRRP to configure virtual IP support for a Dynamic Routing protocol. Note - Gaia also supports OSPF on VPN tunnels that terminates at a VRRP group. Only active-passive VRRP configurations are supported, active-active configurations are not. The master is defined as the router with the highest Priority parameter. You define a priority for each platform when you create the VRID or add a platform to it. If two platforms have equivalent priorities, the platform that comes online and broadcasts VRRP advertisements first becomes the master.

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Simple VRRP Configuration (platform A is the master, and platform B is the backup):

A VRRP router (a router that is running VRRP) might participate in more than one VRID. The VRID mappings and priorities are different for each VRID. You can create two VRIDs on the master and backup platforms. One VRID for connections with the external network, and one for connection with the internal network. VRRP Configuration with Internal and External VRIDs:

In this example, Platform A acts as the master for VRID 1 and VRID 2, while Platform B acts as the backup for VRID 1 and VRID 2. You can configure some platforms to be part of multiple VRIDs while they simultaneously back up each other. This is known as an active-active configuration. VRRP Configuration with some Backups at the same time:

In this active-active configuration, two VRIDs are implemented on the internal network for load sharing. Platform A is the master for VRID 5, and is the default gateway for Host H1 and Host H2. Platform B is the master for VRID 7, and is the default gateway for Host H3 and Host H4. Platforms A and B are configured to
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back each other up. If one platform fails, the other takes its VRID and IP addresses. It supplies load balancing, full redundancy, and uninterrupted service to the default IP addresses.

Choosing a VRRP Method

You can configure VRRP using one of three methods: Quick VRRP For most purposes, you should use this method. This is a simplified version of the VRRP with monitored circuit full configuration method. You cannot use both full and simplified methods to configure monitoredcircuit VRRP on the same appliance. For more information, see Understanding Monitored-Circuit VRRP (on page 123). Advanced VRRP Use this method if you are working with a system on which VRRP has already been configured using this method or if you need control over the configuration of each individual interface. For more information see Understanding Monitored-Circuit VRRP (on page 123). VRRPv2 Use this method only if you do not have an extra IP address to use for monitored-circuit VRRP. For more information see Configuring VRRPv2.

Understanding Monitored-Circuit VRRP

The Check Point implementation of VRRP includes additional functionality called monitored circuit. Monitored-circuit VRRP eliminates the black holes caused by asymmetric routes that can be created if only one interface on the master fails (as opposed to the entire platform failing). Gaia does this by releasing priority over all of the interfaces in the virtual router to allow the backup to take over entirely. Note - You can choose to implement the industry standard VRRPv2 on your Check Point appliance instead of monitored-circuit VRRP. For information on implementing VRRPv2, see Configuring VRRPv2. To understand the advantage of monitored-circuit VRRP, consider the configuration pictured in . In this example, if you are using standard VRRPv2 and the external interface fails or becomes unreachable, the external virtual router fails over to the backup while the internal virtual router stays on the master. This can result in reachability failures, as the platform might accept packets from an internal end host but be unable to forward them to destinations that are reached through the failed interface to the external network. Monitored-circuit VRRP monitors all of the VRRP-configured interfaces on the platform. If an interface fails, the master releases its priority over all of the VRRP-configured interfaces. This allows the backup platform to take over all of the interfaces and become master for both the internal and external VRID. To release the priority, Gaia subtracts the priority delta, a Check Point-specific parameter that you configure when you set up the VRID, from the priority to calculate an effective priority. If you configure your system correctly, the effective priority is lower than that of the backup routers and, therefore, the VRRP election protocol is triggered to select a new master. See Configuring Monitored-Circuit VRRP using the Simplified Method and Configuring Monitored-Circuit VRRP using the Full Method for configuration details.

Selecting Node Parameters

Regardless of which VRRP method you use, you must select the values you want for the configuration parameters described in . You must configure these parameters on each node. VRRP Configuration Parameters Parameter VRID Description Range is 1 to 255; there is no default. Choose a numbering scheme for your virtual routers that will make sense to other people. For example, you might choose VRIDs that are the last octet of the backup address, such as 5 if the backup address is 192.168.2.5.
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Parameter Priority

Description Range is 1 to 254; default is 100. Set the priority to 254 for least one platform in each VRID and choose values on the higher end of the scale for the backups. This provides a faster transition in the event of a failure. Decide whether you want an established master or equivalent priority for all or several routers. For more information, see Priority.

Priority Delta

Choose a value that will ensure that when an interface fails, the priority delta subtracted from the priority results in an effective priority that is lower than that of all of the backup routers. Check Point recommends you use a standard priority delta, such as 10, to simplify your configuration. For more information, see Priority Delta.

Hello Interval

Range is 1 to 255; default setting is 1 second. Set the same value for all nodes in the VRID. For more information, see Hello Interval.

Authentication Choose whether you want to implement no authentication or simple password. You must select the same authentication method for all nodes in the VRID. For more information, see Authentication. Backup address The backup address must be in the same network as the interface you want to use for the VRID. Select a backup addresses that does not match the real IP address of any host or router on the interface network nor the IP address of any of the interfaces on either node. For more information, see Backup Address. VMAC mode Choose the method by which the VMAC address is set. For more information, see VMAC Mode. Note - You set values for priority delta and backup address only when configuring monitored-circuit VRRP. These parameters are not applicable to VRRPv2.

Before Configuring VRRP

Do these steps before you define and create a VRRP cluster. 1. Synchronize the system time on all of the VRRP cluster members. We recommend that you enable NTP (Network Time Protocol) on all members of a VRRP cluster. You can also manually change the time and time zone on each member to match the other members. You must synchronize member times to within a few seconds. 2. Add host names and IP address pairs to the host table on each VRRP member. This optional step lets you use host names as an alternative to IP addresses or DNS servers.

Configuring Network Switches

Use the information in this section as a guide when you connect your Check Point platforms to network switches.
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Configuring VRRP - WebUI

This is the simple method to configure VRRP. It is the recommended method. This simple method automatically includes all the Monitored-Circuit interfaces that are on the same subnet, on the platform in the virtual router you create.

To configure VRRP Global Settings:

1. In the VRRP Global Settings section, in Cold Start Delay, select the number of seconds that the system waits after starting and before joining a VRRP group. The value range is 1-3600. It is advised to configure a delay to let routing adjacencies form, or applications to synchronize before a system becomes the VRRP master. 2. In Disable All Virtual Routers, you can select to disable the routers, but it is advised to leave the clear default to keep the virtual routers enabled. 3. In Monitor Firewall State, you can select to clear (by default it is selected), but if you do, VRRP negotiation for master state might start before the firewall is fully started. This can result in two VRRP nodes assuming the master state while the firewall processes start. Note - When selected, the system begins to monitor the firewall after the cold start delay period elapses. That can cause these problems: If all the VRRP interfaces in a VRRP group fail, all the nodes become backup systems. None of the nodes is able to become the master, so no traffic is forwarded. If you change the time on any of the nodes, a VRRP transition (failover) occurs. Under certain circumstances, installing a firewall policy causes a VRRP transition to occur. This can happen if it takes a long time to install the policy.

4. Click Apply Global Settings.

To add a virtual router:

1. In the Virtual Routers section, click Add. The Add Virtual Router window opens. 2. In Virtual Router ID, select the ID number of the virtual router. 3. In Priority, select the priority value. The priority value determines which router takes over in the event of a failure. The router with the higher priority becomes the new master. The range of values for priority is 1 to 254. The default setting is 100. 4. In Hello Interval, select the number of seconds at which the master sends VRRP advertisements. The range is 1-255 seconds (1 is default). All nodes of a given VRID must have the same hello Interval. If not, VRRP discards the packet and the two platforms go to master state. The hello interval also determines the failover interval; that is, how long it takes a backup router to take over from a failed master. If the master misses three hello advertisements, it is considered to be down because the minimum hello interval is 1 second, therefore the minimum failover time is 3 seconds (3 * Hello_interval). 5. In Authentication, select None or Simple password. You must select the same authentication method for all nodes in the VRID. 6. In Priority Delta, enter or select with the arrows the number to subtract from Priority to create an effective priority when an interface related to the backup fails. The range is 1-254. 7. To add Backup Addresses: a) In the Backup Addresses section, click Add. The Add Backup Address window opens. b) In IPv4 address, enter the IPv4 address. c) In VMAC Mode, from the drop-down list, select the mode: VRRP, Interface, Static, or Extended. d) Click Save. The new Vmac mode shows in the in the Backup Address table. 8. To remove a backup address, select an address and click Delete. The address is removed from the Backup Address table. 9. Click Save.

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Configuring VRRP - CLI (mcvr)

Syntax To add a monitored-circuit virtual router: add mcvr vrid VALUE backup-address VALUE vmac-mode VALUE [ static-mac VALUE ] add mcvr vrid VALUE priority VALUE priority-delta VALUE [ hello-interval VALUE authtype VALUE password VALUE ] delete mcvr old-mc-config To set a monitored-circuit virtual router: set mcvr vrid VALUE set mcvr vrid VALUE static-mac VALUE ] set mcvr vrid VALUE set mcvr vrid VALUE authtype VALUE password VALUE backup-address VALUE vmac-mode VALUE [ hello-interval VALUE priority VALUE

To show a monitored-circuit virtual router setting: show show show show show show show show Parameters mcvr mcvr mcvr mcvr mcvr mcvr mcvr mcvr vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrid VALUE vrids all authtype backup-addresses hello-interval password priority priority-delta

Parameter <mcvr vrid> <backup-address> <vmac-mode>

Description The ID number of the monitored- circuit virtual router. The IPv4 address of the backup router. The VMAC Mode: VRRP, Interface, Static, or Extended.

<static-mac VALUE> If in static mode, you must set the VMAC address manually. Enter the 48-bit VMAC address. <priority> The router with the higher priority becomes the new master when a failure occurs. The range is 1-254. The default setting is 100. If an interface associated with a backup address fails, the value of the priority delta is subtracted from the priority to yield an effective priority for the physical router. When the effective priority on the master is less than the priority of another router in the VRRP group, a new master is selected. The range is 1-254 hello-interval The number of seconds at which the master sends VRRP advertisements. The range is 1-255 seconds (1 is default). none for no password, or simple to use a password. Your password

priority-delta

authtype password

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Advanced VRRP
The advanced VRRP requires users to manually configure a virtual router for each monitored interface.

To change from Advanced VRRP to simple VRRP:

1. Delete al VRIDs, and recreate them in the regular VRRP section. Note - You cannot move a backup address between interfaces while a platform is in the master state. To modify a virtual IP address, first cause a failover to the backup. Reduce the priority or disconnect an interface, delete the VRID on the interface, and recreate it with the new IP address. Then configure it as before.

Configuring Advanced VRRP - WebUI

To configure VRRP Global Settings:
1. In the VRRP Global Settings section, in Cold Start Delay, select the number of seconds that the system waits after starting and before joining a VRRP group. The value range is 1-3600. It is advised to configure a delay to let routing adjacencies form, or applications to synchronize before a system becomes the VRRP master. 2. In Disable All Virtual Routers, you can select to disable the routers, but it is advised to leave the clear default to keep the virtual routers enabled. 3. In Monitor Firewall State, you can select to clear (by default it is selected), but if you do, VRRP negotiation for master state might start before the firewall is fully started. This can result in two VRRP nodes assuming the master state while the firewall processes start. Note - When selected, the system begins to monitor the firewall after the cold start delay period elapses. That can cause these problems: If all the VRRP interfaces in a VRRP group fail, all the nodes become backup systems. None of the nodes is able to become the master, so no traffic is forwarded. If you change the time on any of the nodes, a VRRP transition (failover) occurs. Under certain circumstances, installing a firewall policy causes a VRRP transition to occur. This can happen if it takes a long time to install the policy.

4. Click Apply Global Settings.

To add a virtual router:

1. 2. 3. 4. In the Virtual Routers section, click Add. The Add New Virtual Router window opens. In Virtual Router ID, select the ID number of the virtual router. In Interface, select the interface for the virtual router. In Priority, select the priority value. The priority value determines which router takes over in the event of a failure. The router with the higher priority becomes the new master. The range of values for priority is 1 to 254. The default setting is 100. 5. In Hello Interval, select the number of seconds at which the master sends VRRP advertisements. The range is 1-255 seconds (1 is default). All nodes of a given VRID must have the same hello Interval. If not, VRRP discards the packet and both platforms go to master state. The hello interval also determines the failover interval; that is, how long it takes a backup router to take over from a failed master. If the master misses three hello advertisements, it is considered to be down because the minimum hello interval is 1 second, therefore the minimum failover time is 3 seconds (3 * Hello_interval). 6. In Preempt Mode, if you keep it selected (the default), when the original master fails, a backup system becomes the acting master. When the original master returns to service, it becomes master again. If you clear it, when the original master fails, a backup system becomes the acting master, and the original does not become master again when it returns to service. 7. In Auto-deactivation, if you keep it clear (the default), a virtual router with the lowest priority available (1) can become master if no other VRRP routers exist on the network.
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If you select it, the effective priority can become 0. With this priority, the virtual router does not become the master even if there are no other VRRP routers on the network. If you enable Auto-deactivation, you should also configure the Priority and Priority Delta values to be equal so that the effective priority becomes 0 if there is a VRRP failure. 8. For each VRID, a virtual MAC (VMAC) address is assigned to the backup address. The VMAC address is included in all VRRP packet transmissions as the source MAC address. The physical MAC address is not used. In VMAC Mode, select the mode: VRRPthe default mode. Gaia sets the VMAC to the format outlined in the VRRP protocol specification RFC 3768. It is automatically set to the same value on all nodes of a VRID. InterfaceGaia sets the VMAC to the MAC address of the local interface. If you select Interface mode for both master and backup, the VMAC is different for each. The VRRP IP addresses are associated with different VMACs because they depend on the MAC address of the physical interfaces of the platform that is master at the time. Note - If you configure different VMACs on the master and backup, you must choose the correct proxy ARP setting for Network Address Translation. Staticselect this mode if you want to set the VMAC address manually. Then enter the 48-bit VMAC address in the Static VMAC text field. Extendedsimilar to VRRP mode, except the system dynamically calculates three additional bytes of the interface hardware MAC address to generate a more random address. If you select this mode, Gaia constructs the same MAC address for master and backup platforms within the VRID. Note - If you set the VMAC mode to interface or static, syslog error messages are displayed when you reboot or at failover, indicating duplicate IP addresses for the master and backup. This is expected behavior since both the master and backup routers temporarily use the same virtual IP address until they resolve into master and backup. 9. In Authentication, select None or Simple password. You must select the same authentication method for all nodes in the VRID. 10. To add Backup Addresses: a) In the Backup Addresses section, click Add to add a backup address. The Add Backup Address window opens. b) In IPv4 address, enter the IPv4 address. c) Click Save. The address shows in the Backup Address table. d) To remove a backup address, select an address and click Delete. The address is removed from the Backup Address table. 11. To configure Monitored interfaces: a) In the Monitored Interfaces section, click Add, to add a backup address. A warning that this action locks the interface for this virtual route opens. b) Click OK. The Add Monitored Interface window opens. (i) In Interface, from the drop-down list, select the interface. (ii) In Priority delta, enter or select with the arrows the number to subtract from Priority to create an effective priority when an interface related to the backup fails. The range is 1-254. (iii) Click Save. The interface and its priority delta show in the Monitored Interfaces table. c) To edit a monitored interface, select an interface and click Edit. The Edit Monitored Interface window opens. (i) Enter or select the new priority delta. (ii) Click Save. d) To remove a Monitored Interface, select an interface, and click Delete. The interface is removed from the Monitored Interfaces table. 12. Click Save.

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Configuring Network Switches

Use the information in this section as a guide when you connect your Check Point platforms to network switches.

Use PortFast with Spanning Tree Protocol

If you use the Spanning Tree protocol on Cisco switches, in a network connected to Check Point systems that run VRRP, enable PortFast. PortFast sets interfaces to the Spanning-Tree forwarding state and not wait for the standard forward-time interval. If you use switches from a different vendor, use the equivalent feature supplied by that vendor. If you use the Spanning Tree protocol without PortFast, or an equivalent feature, it can disrupt VRRP failovers.

Do Not Cascade Switches

Do not connect interfaces that are in the same VRRP virtual router to different cascaded switches. For example: do not use this configuration: Master node: Interface of virtual router 1 connected to switch A. Backup node: Interface of virtual router 1 connected to switch B. Switch A and switch B connected by an uplink connection.

This configuration can disrupt VRRP failovers.

Configuring the Check Point Security Gateway for VRRP

This section lists considerations for when you configure the Check Point Security Gateway for VRRP. For more details, refer to the Check Point documentation. Each VRRP node must run the same feature pack. The Operating System and Gaia must run on the same firewall. Complete the VRRP configuration before you put the systems into service. Make sure each system is configured, and the firewall begins synchronization before it puts the VRRP group in service. This procedure ensures that all connections are synchronized correctly.

When you use the Check Point cpconfig program, follow these guidelines: Install the Check Point Security Gateway on each node. Do not install the Check Point Security Gateway and Security Management server together on the same node. When you create and configure a gateway cluster object with the external VRRP IP address: Use the Check Point SmartDashboard application to create a gateway cluster object. Set the gateway cluster object address to the external VRRP IP address. That is, the VRRP IP (backup) address of the interface that faces the external network. Add a gateway object for each Check Point appliance to the gateway cluster object. In the gateway cluster object General Propertis window, clear ClusterXL. Configure interfaces for each member of the VRRP cluster. In Topology, select each VRRP cluster member, and click Get > All Member's Interfaces with Topology. Configure interfaces for the VRRP cluster. In Topology, select the gateway cluster object, and click Get > All Member's Interfaces with Topology.

When you complete configuring the gateway cluster object, you must also specify settings in 3rd Party Configuration as described in this procedure.

To configure settings for 3rd party configuration:

1. In the Cluster Mode section, select High Availability. 2. From the Third-Party Solution drop down list, select Check Point VRRP. 3. Select Use State Synchronization, and configure interfaces for it in Topology.

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Note - The Firewall Synchronization network requires a bandwidth of 100 mbps or greater. The interfaces that you configure for State Synchronization cannot be part of VLAN. They also cannot have more than one IP address assigned to them. 4. Select all the available check boxes. 5. Click OK to save your configuration changes. Note - you can use different encryption accelerator cards in two appliances of one VRRP group or IP cluster (such as the Check Point Encrypt Card in one appliance, and the older Check Point Encryption Accelerator Card in a different appliance). When you do, select encryption/authentication algorithms supported on the two cards. If the encryption/authentication algorithm is supported on the master only, and you use NAT, tunnels fail over incorrectly. If the encryption/authentication algorithm is supported on the master only, without NAT, tunnels are not accelerated after failover.

Configuring VRRP Rules for Check Point Security Gateway

This section supplies information for firewall rules to work with VRRP. Find this rule above the Stealth Rule: Source Firewalls fwcluster-object Where: Firewalls is a Simple Group object containing the firewall objects. fwcluster-object is the gateway cluster object. mcast-224.0.0.18 is a Node Host object with the IP address 224.0.0.18. Destination mcast-224.0.0.18 Service vrrp igmp Action

Accept

If your appliances run routing protocols such as OSPF and DVMRP, create new rules for each multicast destination IP address. Alternatively, you can create a Network object to show all multicast network IP destinations with these values: Name: MCAST.NET IP: 224.0.0.0 Netmask: 240.0.0.0 You can use one rule for all multicast protocols you agree to accept, as shown below: Source Destination Service vrrp igmp ospf dvmrp Action

cluster-all-ips

fwcluster-object MCAST.NET

Accept

Troubleshooting VRRP
This section shows known issues with VRRP configurations and fixes. Read this section before contacting Check Point Technical Support (www.checkpoint.com). You can log information about errors and events for troubleshooting VRRP. Enable traces for VRRP.

To enable traces for VRRP:

1. In the WebUI tree, select Routing > Routing Options. 2. In the Trace Options section, in the Filter Visible Tables Below drop down list, select VRRP. 3. In the VRRP table, select an option, and click Activate. The system restarts the routing subsystem and signals it to reread its configuration. The option you selected, its name and On/Off radio buttons show on the page.
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General Configuration Considerations

If VRRP failover does not occur as expected, make sure that the configuration of these items. All routers of a VRRP group must have the same system times. The simplest method to synchronize times is to enable NTP on all nodes of the VRRP group. You can also manually change the time and time zone on each node to match the other nodes. It must be no more than seconds apart. All routers of a VRRP group must have the same Hello Interval. The Priority Delta must be sufficiently large for the Effective Priority to be lower than the master router. Otherwise, when you pull an interface for a Monitored-Circuit VRRP test, other interfaces do not release IP addresses. You can use different encryption accelerator cards in two appliances of one VRRP group or IP cluster (such as the Check Point Encrypt Card in one appliance, and the older Check Point Encryption Accelerator Card in a different appliance). When you do, select encryption/authentication algorithms supported on the two cards. If the encryption/authentication algorithm is supported on the master only, and you use NAT, tunnels failover incorrectly. If the encryption/authentication algorithm is supported on the master only, without NAT, tunnels are not accelerated after failover. VRIDs must be the same on all routers in a VRRP group. If you use Monitored-Circuit VRRP, make sure all platforms of one virtual IP address use the same VRID. The VRRP monitor in the WebUI might show one of the interfaces in initialize state. This might suggest that the IP address used as the backup address on that interface is invalid or reserved. SNMP Get on Interfaces might list the incorrect IP addresses. This results in incorrect Policy. An SNMP Get (for the Firewall object Interfaces in the GUI Security Policy editor) fetches the lowest IP address for each interface. If interfaces are created when the node is the VRRP master, the incorrect IP address might be included. Repair this problem, edit the interfaces by hand if necessary.

Firewall Policies
If your platforms run firewall software, you must configure the firewall policies to accept VRRP packets. The multicast destination assigned by the IANA for VRRP is 224.0.0.18. If the policy does not accept packets to 224.0.0.18, firewall platforms in one VRRP group take on Master state.

Switched Environments Monitored-Circuit VRRP in Switched Environments

With Monitored-Circuit VRRP, some Ethernet switches might not recognize the VRRP MAC address after a master to backup change. This is because many switches cache the MAC address related to the Ethernet device attached to a port. When the change to a backup router occurs, the MAC address for virtual router shifts to a different port. Switches that cache the MAC address might not change to the correct port during a VRRP change. To repair this problem, you can take one of the these actions: Replace the switch with a hub. Disable MAC address caching on the switch, or switch ports that the security platforms are connected to. It might be not possible to disable the MAC address caching. If so, set the address aging value sufficiently low that the addresses age out each second or two. This causes more overhead on the switch. Therefore, find out if this is a viable option for the model of switch you run. The Spanning Tree protocol prevents Layer 2 loops across multiple bridges. Spanning-Tree can be enabled on the ports connected to the two sides of a VRRP pair. It can also see multicast Hello Packets come for the same MAC address from two different ports. When the two occur, it can suggest a loop, and the switch blocks traffic from one port. If a port is blocked, no security platforms in the VRRP pair can get Hello Packets from other. In which instance, the two of them enter the master router state. If possible, turn off Spanning-Tree on the switch to resolve this issue. But, this can have deleterious effects if the switch is involved in a bridging loop. If you cannot disable Spanning-Tree, enable PortFast on the ports connected to the VRRP pair. PortFast causes a port to enter the Spanning-Tree forwarding state immediately, by passing the listening and learning states. The command to enable PortFast is set spantree portfast 3/1-2 enable, where 3/1-2 refers to slot 3, ports 1 and 2.

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Configuring Advanced VRRP - CLI (vrrp)

Syntax Set Commands set vrrp coldstart-delay VALUE disable-all-virtual-routers off disable-all-virtual-routers on monitor-firewall off monitor-firewall on set vrrp interface VALUE authtype none authtype simple VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE auto-deactivation VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE backup-address VALUE off monitored-circuit vrid VALUE backup-address VALUE on monitored-circuit vrid VALUE hello-interval VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE monitored-off monitored-circuit vrid VALUE monitored-on monitored-circuit vrid VALUE monitored-priority-delta VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE off monitored-circuit vrid VALUE on monitored-circuit vrid VALUE preempt-mode VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE priority VALUE monitored-circuit vrid VALUE vmac-mode default-vmac monitored-circuit vrid VALUE vmac-mode extended-vmac monitored-circuit vrid VALUE vmac-mode interface-vmac monitored-circuit vrid VALUE vmac-mode static-vmac VALUE off virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE backup-address VALUE off virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE backup-address VALUE on virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE hello-interval VALUE virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE off virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE preempt-mode VALUE virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE priority VALUE virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE vmac-mode default-vmac virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE vmac-mode extended-vmac virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE vmac-mode interface-vmac virtual-router backup-vrid VALUE vmac-mode static-vmac VALUE virtual-router vrid VALUE hello-interval VALUE virtual-router vrid VALUE off virtual-router vrid VALUE on virtual-router vrid VALUE vmac-mode default-vmac virtual-router vrid VALUE vmac-mode extended-vmac virtual-router vrid VALUE vmac-mode interface-vmac virtual-router vrid VALUE vmac-mode static-vmac VALUE Show Commands show show show show show vrrp vrrp vrrp vrrp vrrp interface VALUE interfaces stats summary

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Parameters

Parameter coldstart-delay

Description The number of seconds that the system waits after starting and before joining a VRRP group. The name of the interface The chosen password. on or off for the interface to be monitored. on or off. On would create an effective priority 0. The virtual router with 0 priority cannot become master. The IPv4 address of the backup router. The number of seconds at which the master sends VRRP advertisements. The range is 1-255 seconds (1 is default). If an interface associated with a backup address fails, the value of the priority delta is subtracted from the priority to yield an effective priority for the physical router. When the effective priority on the master is less than the priority of another router in the VRRP group, a new master is selected. The range is 1-254

vrrp interface authtype simple monitored-circuit vrid

auto-deactivation

backup-address

hello-interval

monitored-prioritydelta

preempt-mode

on or off. If on, after a failout, the original master becomes master again when returns to service. If off, the backup system that becomes master, remains master. The router with the higher priority becomes the new master when a failure occurs. The range is 1-254. The default setting is 100. The backup virtual router ID number

priority

virtual-router backupvrid virtual-router vrid Example Output show vrrp summary RTGRTG0019

The virtual router ID number

VRRP: VRRP not enabled

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Chapter 10
Maintenance
In This Chapter Licenses Image Management Download SmartConsole Hardware Health Monitoring Shutdown 134 142 144 144 145

Licenses
Configuring Licenses - CLI (cplic)
The cplic command and all its derivatives relate to Check Point license management. Note - The SmartUpdate GUI is the recommended way of managing licenses. All cplic commands are located in $CPDIR/bin. License Management is divided into three types of commands: Local licensing commands are executed on local machines. Remote licensing commands are commands which affect remote machines are executed on the Security Management server.

License repository commands are executed on the Security Management server.

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Syntax
Local Licensing: cplic put ... cplic del [-F <output file>] <signature> cplic print [-h help] [-n noheader] [-x print signatures] [-t type] [-F <output file>] [-i <input file>] [-p preatures] [-D print only Domain licenses] cplic check ... cplic contract ... Remote Licensing: cplic put <object name> ... cplic del <object name> [-F <output file>] <signature> cplic get <object name | -all> cplic upgrade -l input file License Database Operations: cplic db_add ... cplic db_rm <signature> cplic db_print <object name | -all> ... For help on any command add the -h option

cplic check
Description Check whether the license on the local machine will allow a given feature to be used. Usage cplic check [-p <product name>] [-v <product version>] [-c count] [-t <date>] [-r routers] [-S SRusers] <feature> Syntax Argument -p <product name> Description Product for which license information is requested. For example fw1, netso Product version for which license information is requested Output the number of licenses connected to this feature Check license status on future date. Use the format ddmmmyyyy. A feature may be valid on a given date on one license, but invalid in another Check how many routers are allowed. The feature option is not needed Check how many SecuRemote users are allowed. The feature option is not needed <feature> for which license information is requested

-v <product version> -c count -t <date>

-r routers

-S SRusers

<feature>

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cplic db_add
Description Used to add one or more licenses to the license repository on the Security Management server. When local license are added to the license repository, they are automatically attached to its intended Check Point gateway, central licenses need to undergo the attachment process. This command is a license repository command, it can only be executed on the Security Management server. Usage cplic db_add < -l license-file | host expiration-date signature SKU/features > Syntax Argument -l license-file Description Adds the license(s) from license-file. The following options are NOT needed: Host Expiration-Date Signature SKU/feature

Comments Copy/paste the following parameters from the license received from the User Center. More than one license can be added. host - the target hostname or IP address. expiration date - The license expiration date. signature -The License signature string. For example: aa6uwknDc-CE6CRtjhv-zipoVWSnm-z98N7Ck3m (Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.) SKU/features - The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license. For example: CPSUITE-EVAL-3DES-vNG

Example If the file 192.168.5.11.lic contains one or more licenses, the command: cplic db_add -l 192.168.5.11.lic will produce output similar to the following:

Adding license to database ... Operation Done

cplic db_print
Description Displays the details of Check Point licenses stored in the license repository on the Security Management server. Usage cplic db_print <object name | -all> [-n noheader] [-x print signatures] [-t type] [-a attached] Syntax Argument Object name Description Print only the licenses attached to Object name. Object name is the name of the Check Point Security Gateway object, as defined in SmartDashboard.

-all

Print all the licenses in the license repository

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Argument -noheader (or -n) -x -t (or -type) -a (or -attached)

Description Print licenses with no header.

Print licenses with their signature Print licenses with their type: Central or Local.

Show which object the license is attached to. Useful if the -all option is specified.

Comments This command is a license repository command, it can only be executed on the Security Management server.

cplic db_rm
Description The cplic db_rm command removes a license from the license repository on the Security Management server. It can be executed ONLY after the license was detached using the cplic del command. Once the license has been removed from the repository, it can no longer be used. Usage cplic db_rm <signature> Syntax Argument Signature Example Description The signature string within the license. cplic db_rm 2f540abb-d3bcb001-7e54513e-kfyigpwn

Comments This command is a license repository command, it can only be executed on the Security Management server.

cplic del
Description Delete a single Check Point license on a host, including unwanted evaluation, expired, and other licenses. Used for both local and remote machines Usage cplic del [-F <output file>] <signature> <object name> Syntax Argument -F <output file> <signature> Description Send the output to <output file> instead of the screen. The signature string within the license.

cplic del <object name>

Description Detach a Central license from a Check Point gateway. When this command is executed, the license repository is automatically updated. The Central license remains in the repository as an unattached license. This command can be executed only on a Security Management server. Usage cplic del <Object name> [-F outputfile] [-ip dynamic ip] <Signature> Syntax
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Argument object name

Description The name of the Check Point Security Gateway object, as defined in SmartDashboard. Divert the output to outputfile rather than to the screen. Delete the license on the Check Point Security Gateway with the specified IP address. This parameter is used for deleting a license on a DAIP Check Point Security Gateway Note - If this parameter is used, then object name must be a DAIP gateway.

-F outputfile -ip dynamic ip

Signature

The signature string within the license.

Comments This is a Remote Licensing Command which affects remote machines that is executed on the Security Management server.

cplic get
Description The cplic get command retrieves all licenses from a Check Point Security Gateway (or from all Check Point gateways) into the license repository on the Security Management server. Do this to synchronize the repository with the Check Point gateway(s). When the command is run, all local changes will be updated. Usage cplic get <ipaddr | hostname | -all> [-v41] Syntax Argument ipaddr Description The IP address of the Check Point Security Gateway from which licenses are to be retrieved. The name of the Check Point Security Gateway object (as defined in SmartDashboard) from which licenses are to be retrieved. Retrieve licenses from all Check Point gateways in the managed network. Retrieve version 4.1 licenses from the NF Check Point gateway. Used to upgrade version 4.1 licenses.

hostname

-all

-v41

Example If the Check Point Security Gateway with the object name caruso contains four Local licenses, and the license repository contains two other Local licenses, the command: cplic get caruso produces output similar to the following: Get retrieved 4 licenses. Get removed 2 licenses. Comments This is a Remote Licensing Command which affects remote machines that is executed on the Security Management server.

cplic put
Description Install one or more Local licenses on a local machine. Usage cplic put [-o overwrite] [-c check-only] [-s select] [-F <output file>] [-P Pre-boot] [-k kernel-only] <-l license-file | host expiration date signature SKU/feature> Syntax
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Argument -overwrite (or -o)

Description On a Security Management server this will erase all existing licenses and replace them with the new license(s). On a Check Point Security Gateway this will erase only Local licenses but not Central licenses, that are installed remotely. Verify the license. Checks if the IP of the license matches the machine, and if the signature is valid Select only the Local licenses whose IP address matches the IP address of the machine. Outputs the result of the command to the designated file rather than to the screen. Use this option after upgrading and before rebooting the machine. Use of this option will prevent certain error messages. Push the current valid licenses to the kernel. For Support use only. Installs the license(s) in license-file, which can be a multilicense file. The following options are NOT needed: host expiration-date signature SKU/features

-check-only (or -c) select (or -s) -F outputfile

-Preboot (or -P) -kernel-only (or -k) -l license-file

Comments

Copy and paste the following parameters from the license received from the User Center.

host - One of the following:

All platforms - The IP address of the external interface (in dot notation); last part cannot be 0 or 255. Solaris2 - The response to the hostid command (beginning with 0x). expiration date - The license expiration date. Can be never. signature -The License signature string. For example: aa6uwknDc-CE6CRtjhv-zipoVWSnm-z98N7Ck3m (Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.) SKU/features - A string listing the SKU and the Certificate Key of the license. The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license. For example: CPMP-EVAL-1-3DES-NG CK0123456789ab cplic put -l 215.153.142.130.lic produces output similar to the following: Expiration SKU 26Dec2001 CPMP-EVAL-1-3DES-NG

Example

Host 215.153.142.130 CK0123456789ab

cplic put <object name> ...

Description Use the cplic put command to attach one or more central or local license remotely. When this command is executed, the license repository is also updated. Usage cplic put <object name> [-ip dynamic ip] [-F <output file>] < -l licensefile | host expiration-date signature SKU/features >

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Argument Object name

Description The name of the Check Point Security Gateway object, as defined in SmartDashboard. Install the license on the Check Point Security Gateway with the specified IP address. This parameter is used for installing a license on a DAIP Check Point gateway. NOTE: If this parameter is used, then object name must be a DAIP Check Point gateway.

-ip dynamic ip

-F outputfile -l license-file

Divert the output to outputfile rather than to the screen. Installs the license(s) from license-file. The following options are NOT needed: Host Expiration-Date Signature SKU/features

Comments This is a Remote Licensing Command which affects remote machines that is executed on the Security Management server. This is a Copy and paste the following parameters from the license received from the User Center. More than one license can be attached. host - the target hostname or IP address. expiration date - The license expiration date. Can be never. signature -The License signature string. For example: aa6uwknDc-CE6CRtjhv-zipoVWSnm-z98N7Ck3m (Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional) SKU/features - A string listing the SKU and the Certificate Key of the license. The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license. For example: CPMP-EVAL-1-3DES-NG CK0123456789ab

cplic print
Description The cplic print command (located in $CPDIR/bin) prints details of Check Point licenses on the local machine. Usage cplic print [-n noheader][-x prints signatures][-t type][-F <outputfile>] [-p preatures] Syntax Argument -noheader (or -n) -x -type (or -t) -F <outputfile> -preatures (or -p) Comments On a Check Point gateway, this command will print all licenses that are installed on the local machine both Local and Central licenses.
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Description Print licenses with no header.

Print licenses with their signature Prints licenses showing their type: Central or Local.

Divert the output to outputfile. Print licenses resolved to primitive features.

Maintenance

cplic upgrade
Description Use the cplic upgrade command to upgrade licenses in the license repository using licenses in a license file obtained from the User Center. Usage cplic upgrade <l inputfile> Syntax Argument l inputfile Description Upgrades the licenses in the license repository and Check Point gateways to match the licenses in <inputfile>

Example The following example explains the procedure which needs to take place in order to upgrade the licenses in the license repository. Upgrade the Security Management server to the latest version. Ensure that there is connectivity between the Security Management server and the remote workstations with the previous version products. Import all licenses into the license repository. This can also be done after upgrading the products on the remote gateways. Run the command: cplic get all. For example: Getting licenses from all modules ... count:root(su) [~] # cplic get -all golda: Retrieved 1 licenses. Detached 0 licenses. Removed 0 licenses. count: Retrieved 1 licenses. Detached 0 licenses. Removed 0 licenses. To see all the licenses in the repository, run the command cplic db_print -all a count:root(su) [~] # cplic db_print -all -a Retrieving license information from database ... The following licenses appear in the database: ================================================== Host Expiration Features 192.168.8.11 Never CPFW-FIG-25-41 CK49C3A3CC7121 golda 192.168.5.11 26Nov2002 CPSUITE-EVAL-3DES-NG CK1234567890 count In the User Center (http://usercenter.checkpoint.com), view the licenses for the products that were upgraded from version 4.1 to NG and create new upgraded licenses. Download a file containing the upgraded NG licenses. Only download licenses for the products that were upgraded from version 4.1 to NG. If you did not import the version 4.1 licenses into the repository, import the version 4.1 licenses now using the command cplic get -all -v41 Run the license upgrade command: cplic upgrade l <inputfile> - The licenses in the downloaded license file and in the license repository are compared. - If the certificate keys and features match, the old licenses in the repository and in the remote workstations are updated with the new licenses.
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- A report of the results of the license upgrade is printed. In the following example, there are two NG licenses in the file. One does not match any license on a remote workstation, the other matches a version 4.1 license on a remote workstation that should be upgraded:

Comments This is a Remote Licensing Command which affects remote machines that is executed on the Security Management server. Further Info. See the SmartUpdate chapter of the R75.40 Security Management Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

Image Management
You can: Make a new image (a snapshot) of the system. You can revert to the image a later time. Revert to a locally stored image. Delete an image from the local system. Export an existing image. This creates a compressed version of the image. You can then download the exported image to another computer and delete the exported image from the Gaia computer, to save disk space. Import uploads an exported image and makes an image of it (a snapshot). You can revert to the image at a later time. View a list of images that are stored locally.

Configuring Image Management - WebUI

To create an image:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Image Management. Below available images, click New Image. The Create New Image window opens. In the Name field, enter a name for the image. In the Description field, enter a description for the image. Click OK. Note - To create the snapshot requires free space on the Backup partition. The required free disk space is the actual size of the root partition, multiplied by 1.15.

To revert to an image:
1. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Image Management. 2. Select an image. 3. Click Revert. The Revert window opens. Note - Pay close attention to the warnings about overwriting settings, the credentials, and the reboot and the image details. 4. Click OK.

To delete an image:
1. 2. 3. 4. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Image Management. Select an image. Click Delete. The Delete Image window opens. Click Ok.

To export an image:
1. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Image Management. 2. Select an image. 3. Click Export. The Export Image (name) window.
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4. Click Start Export. 5. Select the export destination. Note The snapshot exports to /var/log. The free space required in /var/log is the size of the snapshot multiplied by two. The minimum size of a snapshot is 2.5G, so the minimum free space you need in /var/log is 5G.

To import an image:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Image Management. Select an image. Click Import. The Import Image window opens. Click Browse to select the import file for upload. Click Upload. Click OK.

Configuring Image Management - CLI (snapshot)

Description Syntax Manage system snapshots. add snapshot VALUE desc VALUE delete snapshot VALUE set snapshot export VALUE path VALUE name VALUE set snapshot import VALUE path VALUE name VALUE set snapshot revert VALUE show show show show snapshot snapshot snapshot snapshot VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE all date desc size

Parameters

show snapshots Parameter snapshot VALUE desc VALUE snapshot export VALUE snapshot import VALUE path VALUE

Description Name of the image Description of the image The name of the image to export

The name of the image to import

The storage location for the exported image. For example: /var/log The name of the exported image (not the original image). All image details

name VALUE

all

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Comments

To create the snapshot requires free space on the Backup partition. The required free disk space is the actual size of the root partition, multiplied by 1.15. The snapshot exports to /var/log. The free space required in /var/log is the size of the snapshot multiplied by two. The minimum size of a snapshot is 2.5G, so the minimum free space you need in /var/log is 5G.

Download SmartConsole
You can download the SmartConsole applications to your Gaia WebUI client computer (Security Management server installations only).

Download SmartConsole - WebUI

To download the Check Point SmartConsole applications package:
1. In the tree view, click Overview or System Maintenance > Download SmartConsole. 2. Click Download.

Hardware Health Monitoring

You can monitor these hardware elements: Fan sensorsShows the fan number, status, and value. System Temperature sensor Voltage sensors Power Supply (on machines that support it)

Showing Hardware Health Monitoring Information - WebUI

In the navigation tree, click Maintenance > Hardware Health. You can see the status of the machine fans, system temperature, the voltages, and (for supported hardware only) the power supply. Note - The Hardware Health Monitoring page only appears for supported hardware. For each component sensor, the table shows the value of its operation, and the status: OK, Low, or High. To see the health history of a component, select the component sensor. A graph shows the values over time. To change the time intervals that the graph shows, click the Minute arrows. To view different times, click the Forward/Backward arrows. To refresh, click Refresh.

Showing Hardware Monitoring Information - CLI (sysenv)

Description These commands display the status for various system components. Components for which the status can be displayed include temperature, voltage, power supplies, and fans. The command returns status only for installed components.

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Syntax

To display all system status information: show sysenv all To display all system component information: show sysenv show sysenv show sysenv show sysenv Parameter ps fans ps temp volt Description Power Supply (for supported hardware only)

Parameters

Example Output

show sysenv all gw-3002f0> show sysenv all Hardware Information Name +12V +5V VBat Value 29.44 6.02 3.23 unit Volt Volt Volt type Voltage Voltage Voltage status 0 0 0 Maximum 12.6 5.3 3.47 Minimum 11.4 4.75 2.7

Shutdown
There are two ways to shut down: Reboot: Shut down the system and then immediately restart it. Halt: Shut down the system.

Shutting Down - WebUI

To shut down the system and then immediately restart it:
1. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Shut Down. 2. Click Reboot.

To shut down the system:

1. In the tree view, click Maintenance > Shut Down. 2. Click Halt.

Shutting Down - CLI (halt, reboot)

To shut down the system and then immediately restart it:
Run the reboot command.

To shut down the system:

Run the halt command.

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Chapter 11
Software Updates
Gaia automatically locates and shows the available software update packages for Check Point products and the Gaia OS. Only packages that are applicable to the Gaia computer are shown. The packages can be downloaded from the Check Point Support center and installed. You can configure downloads and installations to be manual, scheduled, or automatic. You can add a private package to the list of available packages. A private package is a hotfix that you get from Check Point Support. Private packages are not available on the Check Point Support Center. The general workflow for updating software is: 1. Define the software deployment policy for downloads and installation. Downloads and installations can be manual automatic. or scheduled (daily, weekly, monthly, or once only) 2. Define mail notifications for new packages and for automatic package updates. 3. Do the software download and installation. In This Chapter Configuring a Software Deployment Policy - WebUI Configuring Software Update Notifications - WebUI Configuring Software Deployment - WebUI Configuring Software Deployment clish (installation) 146 147 147 148

Configuring a Software Deployment Policy - WebUI

To define the software deployment policy:
1. In the WebUI, go to the Software Updates > Policy page. 2. Configure how to download updates. Select one of Manually, Scheduled, or Automatic. If you choose to make a schedule for the download of updates. You can define the schedule to be Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or Once. 3. Configure how to install updates. Select one of Manually, Scheduled, or Automatic. 4. Check Point would like to collects statistics about downloaded and installed packages. This information is used only to make a better software update service. To let Check Point collect statistics, select Allow sending statistics information. 5. Select which sanity tests to perform after installing the software updates: Processes - Make sure that Check Point processes are running Policy installation - Make sure that it is possible to install a policy

Network Access - Make sure that all the network interfaces on the Gaia computer are Up. 6. Select Auto-rollback upon failure to do this if the installed package fails one of the sanity tests: Automatically restore the installation you had before the package was installed. Send a notification that the installation failed. If the installed package fails one of the sanity tests, and this option is not selected, only the notification is sent. 7. Click Apply.

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Configuring Software Update Notifications - WebUI

You can be notified by email of these software update events: New packages in the Check Point Support Center that are available for download. Packages on the Gaia computer that have been downloaded. Package installation success or failure.

To configure software update notifications:

1. In the WebUI, go to the Software Updates > Software Update Notifications page. 2. Click Add. 3. Enter the email addresses of persons who will receive notification, and select the types of notification they will receive. 4. Go to the System Management > Mail Notifications page. 5. Enter the email address of the sender of the software update notifications. 6. Configure a mail server address. Note - If you do not configure an email address in the System Management > Mail Notifications page, no notifications are sent.

Configuring Software Deployment - WebUI

Before doing a software update:
1. Configure the software updates policy to: Download packages manually, automatically or according to a schedule. Install packages manually, automatically or according to a schedule. 2. Configure mail notifications for packages.

To manually download a software package:

You will receive an email when a package is available for download from the Check Point Support Center. 1. In the Software Updates > Status and Actions page, select a package with the status Available for Download. 2. Click Download. When the package is downloaded, the package status changes to Available for Install. If you configured mail notifications for downloads, you will get an email notification.

To manually install a software package:

If you configured mail notifications for downloads, you will receive an email when a package is available for installation. 1. In the Software Updates > Status and Actions page, select a package with the status Available for install. 2. Click Install. When the package is installed on the Gaia computer, the package status changes to Installed. If you configured mail notifications for packages, you will receive an email when a package is Installed.

To add a private package to the list of available package:

You can add a private package to the list of available packages. A private package is a hotfix that you get from Check Point Support. Private packages are not available on the Check Point Support Center. 1. In the Software Updates > Status and Actions page, insert the URL that you received from Support. 2. Click Add. The package is added to the list of packages.

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Configuring Software Deployment clish (installation)

Description Using the installer tool you can: Syntax Define the software deployment policy for downloads and installation. Either manual or automatic. Define mail notifications for packages. Do the software download and installation. See the software package status

To see the names of the packages that are available for download, install and uninstallation: installer download <TAB> install <TAB> uninstall <TAB> To download, install and uninstall updates: installer download <package name> install <package name> uninstall <package name> To restore the default deployment policy: installer restore_policy To download updates automatically or manually: set installer download_mode automatic manual To install updates automatically or manually: set installer install_mode automatic manual To configure mail notifications set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> available_packages false available_packages true download_status false download_status true install_status false install_status true To show a list of packages and the package status: show installer available_packages available_local_packages installed_packages package_status

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Parameters

Parameter download install restore_policy uninstall download_mode

Description Download a selected package Install a selected package Restore the default update policy Uninstall a selected package Configure how packages are downloaded. Either automatic or manual. Configure how packages are installed. Either automatic or manual. The email address to receive (or not receive) notifications

install_mode

deployment-mailnotification <email address>

available_packages Packages that are available to download. download_status install_status The status of newly downloaded packages The status of newly installed packages

available_local_pa The packages that are available to install. ckages installed_packages The installed packages package_status The packages and their current status

CLI Procedures- Software Updates

This section includes some basic procedures for configuring software updates using the CLI.

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Show Commands
To show the packages that are available for download:
show installer available_packages

To show the packages that are available for installation:

show installer available_local_packages

To show the installed packages:

show installer installed_packages

To show the packages and their status:

show installer package_status

Configuring the Software Deployment Policy

To download a package:
installer download <package name or number>

To install a local package:

installer install <package name or number>

To uninstall a package:
installer uninstall <package name or number>

To restore the default deployment policy:

installer restore_policy

Configuring Package Notifications

To configure notifications for available packages:
You can add or remove email addresses from the list to which emails about available packages are sent. set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> available packages false Set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> available packages true

To configure notifications for downloaded packages:

You can add or remove email addresses from the list to which emails about newly downloaded (or failed) packages are sent. set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> download_status true set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> download_status false

To configure notifications for installed packages:

You can add or remove email addresses from the list to which emails about newly installed (or failed) packages are sent. set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> install_status true set installer deployment-mail-notification <email address> install_status false

Configuring the Software Deployment Policy

To sets downloads to be automatic or manual:
set installer download_mode manual set installer download_mode automatic

To sets installation to be automatic or manual:

set installer install_mode manual set installer install_mode automatic
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Security Management Server and Firewall Commands

cpca_client
Description This command and all its derivatives are used to execute operations on the ICA. Usage cpca_client

cpca_client create_cert
Description Prompt the ICA to issue a SIC certificate for the Security Management server. Usage cpca_client [-d] create_cert [-p <ca_port>] -n "CN=<common name>" -f <PKCS12 filename> Syntax Argument -d -p <ca_port> Description Debug flag Specifies the port used to connect to the CA (if the CA was not run from the default port 18209) Sets the CN Specifies the file name where the certificate and keys are saved.

-n "CN=<common name>" -f <PKCS12 filename>

cpca_client revoke_cert
Description Revoke a certificate issued by the ICA. Usage cpca_client [-d] revoke_cert [-p <ca_port>] -n "CN=<common name>" Syntax Argument -d -p <ca_port> Description Debug flag Specifies the port which is used to connect to the CA (if the CA was not run from the default port 18209) Sets the CN

-n "CN=<common name>"

cpca_client lscert
Description Show all certificates issued by the ICA. [-ser ser] Usage cpca_client [-d] lscert [-dn substr] [-stat Pending|Valid|Revoked|Expired|Renewed] [-kind SIC|IKE|User|LDAP] [-dp dp]

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Syntax Argument -d -dn substring -stat -kind -ser number -dp number Description Debug flag Filters results to those with a DN that matches this substring Filters results to this status Filters results for specified kind: SIC, IKE, User, or LDAP Filters results for this serial number Filters results from this CDP

cpca_client set_mgmt_tools
Description Invoke or terminate the ICA Management Tool. Usage cpca_client [-d] set_mgmt_tools on|off [-p <ca_port>] [-no_ssl] [-a|-u "administrator|user DN" -a|-u "administrator|user DN" ... ] Syntax Argument -d set_mgmt_tools on|off Description Debug flag -p <ca_port> on - Start ICA Management tool off - Stop ICA Management tool

Specifies the port which is used to connect to the CA (if the appropriate service was not run from the default port 18265) Configures the server to use clear http rather than https Sets the DNs of the administrators or user permitted to use the ICA Management tool

-no_ssl -a|-u"administrator|user DN"

Comments 1. If the command is run without -a or -u the list of the permitted users and administrators isn't changed. The server can be stopped or started with the previously defined permitted users and administrators. 2. If two consecutive start operations are initiated, the ICA Management Tool will not respond, unless you change the SSL mode. After the SSL mode has been modified, the server can be stopped and restarted.

cp_conf
Description Configure/reconfigure a Security Gateway installation. The configuration available options for any machine depend on the installed configuration and products. Usage cp_conf

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cp_conf sic
Description Enables the user to manage SIC. Usage cp_conf sic state # Get the current Trust state cp_conf sic init <Activation Key> [norestart] # Initialize SIC cp_conf sic cert_pull <Security Management server name/IP> <module object name> # Pull certificate (DAIP only)

cp_conf admin
Description Manage Check Point Administrators. Usage cp_conf admin get # Get the list of administrators. cp_conf admin add <user> <passw> <permissions> # Add administrator where permissions: w - read/write r - read only cp_conf admin del <admin1> <admin2>... # Delete administrators.

cp_conf ca
Description Initialize the Certificate Authority Usage cp_conf ca init # Initializes Internal CA. cp_conf ca fqdn <name> # Sets the name of the Internal CA.

cp_conf finger
Description Displays the fingerprint which will be used on first-time launch to verify the identity of the Security Management server being accessed by the SmartConsole. This fingerprint is a text string derived from the Security Management server's certificate Usage cp_conf finger get # Get Certificate's Fingerprint.

cp_conf lic
Description Enables the administrator to add a license manually and to view the license installed. Usage cp_conf lic get # Get licenses installed. cp_conf lic add -f <file name> # Add license from file. cp_conf lic add -m <Host> <Date> <Signature Key> <SKU/Features> # Add license manually. cp_conf lic del <Signature Key> # Delete license.

cp_conf client
Description Manage the GUI Clients allowed to connect to the management. Usage cp_conf client get # Get the GUI Clients list cp_conf client add < GUI Client > # Add one GUI Client cp_conf client del < GUI Client 1> < GUI Client 2>... # Delete GUI Clients cp_conf client createlist < GUI Client 1> < GUI Client 2>... # Create new list.

cp_conf ha
Description Enable or disable High Availability. Usage cp_conf ha enable/disable [norestart] # Enable/Disable HA\n",

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cp_conf snmp
Description Activate or deactivate SNMP. Usage cp_conf snmp get # Get SNMP Extension status. cp_conf snmp activate/deactivate [norestart] # Deactivate SNMP Extension.

cp_conf auto
Description Determine whether or not the Security Gateway/Security Management server starts automatically after the machine restarts. Usage cp_conf auto get [fw1] [fg1] [rm] [all] # Get the auto state of products. cp_conf auto <enable|disable> <product1> <product2>... # Enable/Disable auto start.

cp_conf sxl
Description Enable or disable SecureXL acceleration. Usage cp_conf sxl <enable|disable> # Enable/Disable SecureXL.

cpconfig
Description Run a command line version of the Check Point Configuration Tool. This tool is used to configure an installed Check Point product. The options shown depend on the installed configuration and products. Amongst others, these options include: Licenses and contracts - Modify the necessary Check Point licenses and contracts. Administrator - Modify the administrator authorized to connect to the Security Management server. GUI Clients - Modify the list of SmartConsole Client machines from which the administrators are authorized to connect to a Security Management server. SNMP Extension - Configure the SNMP daemon. The SNMP daemon enables SecurePlatform to export its status to external network management tools. PKCS #11 Token - Register a cryptographic token, for use by SecurePlatform; see details of the token, and test its functionality. Random Pool - Configure the RSA keys, to be used by SecurePlatform. Certificate Authority - Install the Certificate Authority on the Security Management server in a first-time installation. Secure Internal Communication - Set up trust between the gateway on which this command is being run and the Security Management server. Certificate's Fingerprint - Display the fingerprint which will be used on first-time launch to verify the identity of the Security Management server being accessed by the SmartConsole. This fingerprint is a text string derived from the Security Management server's certificate. Automatic Start of Check Point Products - Specify whether Check Point Security Gateways will start automatically at boot time.

Usage cpconfig Further Info. See the R75.40 Installation and Upgrade Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

cpinfo
Description - CPinfo is a utility that collects data on a machine at the time of execution. The CPinfo output file enables Check Point's support engineers to analyze setups from a remote location. Engineers can open
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the CPinfo file in demo mode, while viewing real Security Policies and objects. This allows for in-depth analysis of all of configuration options and environment settings. Usage - cpinfo [-v] [-l] [-n] [-o ] [-r | -t [tablename]] [-c Domain Management Server ... | -x vs] Syntax Argument -z -r -v -l -n -o -t -c Description Output gzipped (effective with -o option) Includes the registry (Windows - very large output) Prints version information Embeds log records (very large output) Does not resolve network addresses (faster) Output to a file and to the screen Output consists of tables only (SR only) Get information about the specified Domain Management Server (Multi-Domain Security Management) Get information about the specified VS (VSX)

-x

Further Info. SecureKnowledge solution sk30567 (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk30567)

cpstart
Description Start all Check Point processes and applications running on a machine. Usage cpstart Comments This command cannot be used to start cprid. cprid is invoked when the machine is booted and it runs independently.

cpstat
Description cpstat displays the status of Check Point applications, either on the local machine or on another machine, in various formats. Usage cpstat [-h host][-p port][-s SICname][-f flavor][-o polling][-c count][-e period][-d] application_flag Syntax Argument -h host Description A resolvable hostname, a dot-notation address (for example: 192.168.33.23), or a DAIP object name. The default is localhost. Port number of the AMON server. The default is the standard AMON port (18192).
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Argument -s -f flavor

Description Secure Internal Communication (SIC) name of the AMON server. The flavor of the output (as it appears in the configuration file). The default is the first flavor found in the configuration file. Polling interval (seconds) specifies the pace of the results. The default is 0, meaning the results are shown only once.

-o

-c

Specifies how many times the results are shown. The default is 0, meaning the results are repeatedly shown. Specifies the interval (seconds) over which 'statistical' olds are computed. Ignored for regular olds. Debug mode. One of the following: fw Firewall component of the Security Gateway vpn VPN component of the Security Gateway fg QoS (formerly FloodGate-1) ha ClusterXL (High Availability) os OS Status mg for the Security Management server persistency - for historical status values polsrv uas svr cpsemd cpsead asm ls ca

-e -d application_flag

The following flavors can be added to the application flags: fw "default", "interfaces", "all", "policy", "perf", "hmem", "kmem", "inspect", "cookies", "chains", "fragments", "totals", "ufp", "http", "ftp", "telnet", "rlogin", "smtp", "pop3", "sync" vpn "default", "product", "IKE", "ipsec", "traffic", "compression", "accelerator", "nic", "statistics", "watermarks", "all" fg "all" ha "default", "all" os "default", "ifconfig", "routing", "memory", "old_memory", "cpu", "disk", "perf", "multi_cpu", "multi_disk", "all", "average_cpu", "average_memory", "statistics" mg "default"
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persistency "product", "Tableconfig", "SourceConfig" polsrv "default", "all" uas "default" svr "default" cpsemd "default" cpsead "default" asm "default", "WS" ls "default" ca "default", "crl", "cert", user", "all"

Example > cpstat fw Policy name: Standard Install time: Wed Nov 1 15:25:03 2000 Interface table ----------------------------------------------------------------|Name|Dir|Total *|Accept**|Deny|Log| ----------------------------------------------------------------|hme0|in |739041*|738990**|51 *|7**| ----------------------------------------------------------------|hme0|out|463525*|463525**| 0 *|0**| ----------------------------------------------------------------*********|1202566|1202515*|51**|7**|

cpstop
Description Usage cpstop cpstop -fwflag [-proc | -default] Syntax Argument -fwflag -proc Description Kills Check Point daemons and Security servers while maintaining the active Security Policy running in the kernel. Rules with generic allow/reject/drop rules, based on services continue to work. Kills Check Point daemons and Security servers. The active Security Policy running in the kernel is replaced with the default filter. Terminate all Check Point processes and applications, running on a machine.

-fwflag -default

Comments This command cannot be used to terminate cprid. cprid is invoked when the machine is booted and it runs independently.

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fw
Description The fw commands are used for working with various aspects of the firewall. All fw commands are executed on the Check Point Security gateway. Typing fw at the command prompt sends a list of available fw commands to the standard output. Usage fw

fw -i
Description Generally, when Check Point Security gateway commands are executed on a Security gateway they will relate to the gateway as a whole, rather than to an individual kernel instance. For example, the fw tab command will enable viewing or editing of a single table of information aggregated for all kernel instances. This command specifies that certain commands apply to an individual kernel instance. By adding -i <kern> after fw in the command, where <kern> is the kernel instance's number. Usage fw -i applies to the following commands: fw ctl debug (when used without the -buf parameter) fw fw fw fw fw fw ctl get ctl set ctl leak ctl pstat monitor tab

For details and additional parameters for any of these commands, refer to the command's entry. Example To view the connections table for kernel instance #1 use the following command: fw -i 1 tab -t connections

fw ctl
Description Usage fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl <install|uninstall> debug [-m <module>] [+|-] <options | all | 0> debug -buf [buffer size] kdebug pstat [-h][-k][-s][-n][-l] iflist arp [-n] block <on|off> chain conn The fw ctl command controls the Firewall kernel module.

Argument <Install| Uninstall>

Description Uninstall tells the operating system to stop passing packets to the Security Gateway, and unloads the Security Policy. The networks behind it become unprotected. Install tells the operating system to start passing packets to the Security Gateway. The command fw ctl install runs automatically when cpstart is performed.

Note - If you run fw ctl uninstall followed by fw ctl install, the Security Policy is not restored.
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Argument debug kdebug

Description Generate debug messages to a buffer. See fw ctl debug (on page 159). Reads the debug buffer and obtains the debug messages. If there is no debug buffer, the command will fail. [-f] read the buffer every second and print the messages, until Ctrl-C is pressed. Otherwise, read the current buffer contents and end. [-t/-T] print the time field (seconds/microseconds) [-p] to print specific fields all|proc|pid|date|mid|type|freq|topic|time|ticks|t id|text|err|host|vsid|cpu [-m] - number of cyclic files, [-s] - size of each

pstat [h][-k][s][-n][-l]

Displays Security Gateway internal statistics: -h Generates additional hmem details. -k Generates additional kmem details. -s Generates additional smem details. -n Generates NDIS information (Windows only). -l Generates general Security Gateway statistics.

iflist

Displays the IP interfaces known to the kernel, by name and internal number. Displays ARP proxy table. -n Do not perform name resolution.

arp [-n]

block <on|off> chain

on Blocks all traffic. off Restores traffic and the Security Policy. Prints the names of internal Security Gateways that deal with packets. Use to ensure that a gateway is loaded. The names of these gateways can be used in the fw monitor -p command. Prints the names of the connection modules.

conn

fw ctl debug
Description fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl ctl debug debug debug debug debug debug debug debug Generate debug messages to a buffer. -buf [buffer size] [-m module] [+ | -] <options| all|0> 0 [-d <comma separated list of strings>] [-d <comma separated list of ^strings>] [-s <string>] -h -x Usage A number of debug options are available:

Syntax

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Argument -buf [buffer size]

Description Allocates a buffer of size kilobytes (default 128) and starts collecting messages there. If the -buf argument is not set, the debug messages are printed to the console.

-m <module> Specify the Security Gateway module you wish to debug. The default module is fw. For example: fw ctl debug m VPN all [+ | -] <options| all|0> Sets or resets debug flags for the requested gateway). -h 0 If + is used, the specified flags are set, and the rest remain as they were. If - is used, the specified flags are reset, and the rest remain as they were. If neither + nor - are used, the specified flags are set and the rest are reset.

Print a list of debug modules and flags. Returns all flags in all gateways to their default values, releases the debug buffer (if there was one). Only lines containing these strings are included in the output. (Available in R70 or higher)

-d <comma separated list of strings> -d <comma separated list of ^strings>

Lines containing these strings are omitted from the output (Available in R70 or higher) For example: fw ctl debug d error,failed,^packet Output shows only lines containing the words "error" or "failed" and not the word "packet"

-s <string> Stop debug messages when a certain string is issues (Available in R70 or higher) For example: fw ctl debug s error -x Shuts down the debug.

fw ctl affinity
fw ctl affinity -s
Description Sets CoreXL affinities when using multiple processors. For an explanation of kernel, daemon and interface affinities, see the R75.40 Firewall Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581). fw ctl affinity -s settings are not persistent through a restart of the Security Gateway. If you want the settings to be persistent, either use: sim affinity (a Performance Pack command) - for details, see the R75.40 Performance Pack Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581). Or edit the fwaffinity.conf configuration file - for details, see the R75.40 Firewall Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

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To set interface affinities, you should use fw ctl affinity only if Performance Pack is not running. If Performance Pack is running, you should set affinities by using the Performance Pack sim affinity command. These settings will be persistent. If Performance Pack's sim affinity is set to Automatic mode (even if Performance Pack was subsequently disabled), you will not be able to set interface affinities by using fw ctl affinity -s. Usage fw ctl affinity -s <proc_selection> <cpuid> Syntax <proc_selection> is one of the following parameters: Argument -p <pid> -n <cpdname> Description Sets affinity for a particular process, where <pid> is the process ID#. Sets affinity for a Check Point daemon, where <cpdname> is the Check Point daemon name (for example: fwd). Sets affinity for a kernel instance, where <instance> is the instance's number. Sets affinity for an interface, where <interfacename> is the interface name (for example: eth0).

-k <instance>

-i <interfacename>

<cpuid> should be a processing core number or a list of processing core numbers. To have no affinity to any specific processing core, <cpuid> should be: all. Note - Setting an Interface Affinity will set the affinities of all interfaces sharing the same IRQ to the same processing core. To view the IRQs of all interfaces, run: fw ctl affinity -l -v -a . Example To set kernel instance #3 to run on processing core #5, run:

fw ctl affinity -s -k 3 5

fw ctl affinity -l
Description Lists existing CoreXL affinities when using multiple processors. For an explanation of kernel, daemon and interface affinities, see the R75.40 Firewall Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581). Usage fw ctl affinity -l [<proc_selection>] [<listtype>] Syntax If <proc_selection> is omitted, fw ctl affinity -l lists affinities of all Check Point daemons, kernel instances and interfaces. Otherwise, <proc_selection> is one of the following parameters: Argument -p <pid> Description Displays the affinity of a particular process, where <pid> is the process ID#. Displays the affinity of a Check Point daemon, where <cpdname> is the Check Point daemon name (for example: fwd). Displays the affinity of a kernel instance, where <instance> is the instance's number. Displays the affinity of an interface, where <interfacename> is the interface name (for example: eth0).

-n <cpdname>

-k <instance>

-i <interfacename>

If <listtype> is omitted, fw ctl affinity -l lists items with specific affinities, and their affinities. Otherwise, <listtype> is one or more of the following parameters:

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Argument -a -r

Description All: includes items without specific affinities. Reverse: lists each processing core and the items that have it as their affinity. Verbose: list includes additional information.

-v

Example To list complete affinity information for all Check Point daemons, kernel instances and interfaces, including items without specific affinities, and with additional information, run: fw ctl affinity -l -a -v

fw ctl engine
Description Enables the INSPECT2C engine, which dynamically converts INSPECT code to C code. Run the command on the Check Point Security Gateway. Usage fw ctl engine {on | off | stat | setdefault} Syntax Argument on Description Compile the engine if necessary, and activate it. Because the engine may not have been previously compiled, turning the engine ON may not activate it immediately. Instead, the engine is activated in the background after the compilation.

After turning the engine ON, the engine recompiles and reactivates itself every policy installation regardless of the values of inspect2c_compile and inspect2c_activate. off Deactivates the engine if active. Subsequent policy installation on the gateway does NOT auto-activate the engine unless the command is used again. Print the status of the engine. For example: "During compilation", "Before auto-activation", "Deactivated". Restore control to database settings. Security Management server settings are ignored. At the next policy installation, return the control of the engine to the values of the following gateway database attributes: inspect2c_compile (true/false) - controls whether or not the engine is compiled on the gateway during policy installation. Compilation is performed in the background and may take a few minutes. inspect2c_activate (true/false) - controls whether the engine is automatically activated after it is compiled. When set to true, the engine is compiled regardless of the value of inspect2c_compile.

stat

setdefault

Use GuiDBEdit to change the values of the attributes.

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fw ctl multik stat

Description Displays multi-kernel statistics for each kernel instance. The state and processing core number of each instance is displayed, along with: The number of connections currently being handled. The peak number of concurrent connections the instance has handled since its inception.

fw ctl sdstat
Description The IPS performance counters measure the percentage of CPU consumed by each IPS protection. The measurement itself is divided according to the type of protection: Pattern based protections or INSPECT based protections. In addition, the IPS counters measure the percentage of CPU used by each section ("context") of the protocol, and each protocol parser. Usage fw ctl zdebug >& outputfile fw ctl sdstat start fw ctl sdstat stop Syntax Argument fw ctl zdebug >& outputfile fw ctl sdstat start fw ctl sdstat stop Description Turn on debug mode and specify an output file.

Activate the IPS counters Print a report and stop the counters.

Example

The workflow is as follows:

Run the following commands on the Check Point Security Gateway (version R70 or higher): On the Check Point Security Gateway: Run fw ctl zdebug >& outputfile Run fw ctl sdstat start

Let the counters run. However- do not leave the counters on for more than 10 minutes. Run fw ctl sdstat stop

It is important to stop the counters explicitly, otherwise there may be performance penalty This generates the output file outputfile that must be processed on the (SecurePlatform only) Security Management Server. On the Security Management Server: From $FWDIR/script, run the script ./sdstat_analyse.csh outputfile

The output of the script is a report in csv format that can be viewed in Microsoft Excel. If there is a problem in the report, or if more details are needed, a debug flag is available which prints extra information to outputfile. Run fw ctl zdebug + spii >& outputfile Example Debug Message Explanation sdstat_get_stats_all_insta nces : Smart Defense report objects are not initalized, hence no report can be done. User tried to create a report without initializing the counters, or an error occurred during initialization and the user then tried to print a report.

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Example Debug Message FW-1 sdstats_print_report: Failed to calculate Smart Defense (total_smart_defense is 0) Comments

Explanation The measurement process failed and the total time units for IPS is zero.

1. A value in the report of "< 1" means that the percentage of CPU used by a protection is less than 1%. 2. The report generated by the sdstat_analyse script may contain a number instead of a protection name. This is because the original output contains a signature id, but the id is missing from the Security Policy on the Gateway.

fw fetch
Description Fetches the Inspection Code from the specified host and installs it to the kernel. Usage fw fetch [-n] [-f <filename>] [-c] [-i] master1 [master2] ... Syntax Argument -n Description Fetch the Security Policy from the Security Management server to the local state directory, and install the Policy only if the fetched Policy is different from the Policy already installed. Fetch the Security Policy from the Security Management server listed in <filename>. If filename is not specified, the list in conf/masters is used. Cluster mode, get policy from one of the cluster members, from the Check Point High Availability (CPHA) kernel list. Ignore SIC information (for example, SIC name) in the database and use the information in conf/masters. This option is used when a Security Policy is fetched for the first time by a DAIP gateway from a Security Management server with a changed SIC name. Execute command on the designated master. The IP address of the Security Management Server from which to fetch the Policy. You can specify one or more servers, which will be searched in the order listed. If no targets is not specified, or if targets is inaccessible, the Policy is fetched from localhost.

-f <filename>

-c

-i

master1

fw fetchlogs
Description fw fetchlogs fetches Log Files from a remote machine. You can use the fw fetchlogs command to transfer Log Files to the machine on which the fw fetchlogs command is executed. The Log Files are read from and written to the directory $FWDIR/log. Usage fw fetchlogs [[-f file name] ... ] module Syntax
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Argument -f filename

Description The Log Files to be transferred. The file name can include wildcards. In Solaris, any file containing wildcards should be enclosed in quotes. The default parameter is *.log. Related pointer files will automatically be fetched.

module

The name of the remote machine from where you transfer the Log Files.

Comments The files transferred by the fw fetchlogs command are MOVED from the source machine to the target machine. This means that they are deleted from the source machine once they have been successfully copied. Fetching Current Log Data The active Log File (fw.log) cannot be fetched. If you want to fetch the most recent log data, proceed as follows: Run \ to close the currently active Log File and open a new one. Run fw lslogs to see the newly-generated file name. Run fw fetchlogs -f filename to transfer the file to the machine on which the fw fetchlogs command is executed. The file is now available for viewing in the SmartView Tracker.

After a file has been fetched, it is renamed. The gateway name and the original Log File name are concatenated to create a new file name. The new file name consists of the gateway name and the original file name separated by two (underscore) _ _ characters. Example The following command: fw fetchlogs -f 2001-12-31_123414.log module3 fetches the Log File 2001-12-31_123414.log from Module3. After the file has been fetched, the Log File is renamed: module3_ _2001-12-31_123414.log Further Info. See the R75.40 Security Management Administration Guide (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk67581).

fw hastat
Description states. The fw hastat command displays information about High Availability machines and their Usage fw hastat [<target>] Syntax Argument <target> Description A list of machines whose status will be displayed. If target is not specified, the status of the local machine will be displayed.

fw isp_link
Description Takes down (or up) a redundant ISP link. Usage fw isp_link [target] link-name {up|down}
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Syntax Argument target link-name Description The name of the Check Point gateway. The name of the ISP link as defined in the ISP-redundancy tab.

Comments This command can be executed locally on the Check Point Security Gateway or remotely from the Security Management server. In the latter case, the target argument must be supplied. For this command to work, the Check Point Security Gateway should be using the ISP redundancy feature.

fw kill
Description Prompts the kernel to shut down all firewall daemon processes. The command is located in the $FWDIR/bin directory on the Security Management server or gateway machine. The firewall daemons and Security servers write their pids to files in the $FWDIR/tmp directory upon startup. These files are named $FWDIR/tmp/daemon_name.pid. For example, the file containing the pid of the firewall snmp daemon is: $FWDIR/tmp/snmpd.pid. Usage fw kill [-t sig_no] proc-name Syntax Argument -t sig_no Description This Unix only command specifies that if the file $FWDIR/tmp/procname.pid exists, send signal sig_no to the pid given in the file. If no signal is specified, signal 15 (sigterm or the terminate command) is sent. proc-name Prompt the kernel to shut down specified firewall daemon processes.

Comments In Windows, only the default syntax is supported: fw kill proc_name. If the -t option is used it is ignored.

fw lea_notify
Description Send a LEA_COL_LOGS event to all connected lea clients, see the LEA Specification documentation. It should be used after new log files have been imported (manually or automatically) to the $FWDIR/log directory in order to avoid the scheduled update which takes 30 minutes. This command should be run from the Security Management server. Usage fw lea_notify

fw lichosts
Description Print a list of hosts protected by Security Gateway products. The list of hosts is in the file $fwdir/database/fwd.h Usage fw lichosts [-x] [-l] Syntax Argument -x -l Description Use hexadecimal format. Use long format.
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fw log
Description fw log displays the content of Log files. Usage fw log [-f [-t]] [-n] [-l] [-o] [-c action] [-h host] [-s starttime] [-e endtime] [-b starttime endtime] [-u unification_scheme_file] [-m unification_mode(initial|semi|raw)] [-a] [-k (alert_name|all)] [-g] [logfile] Syntax Argument -f [-t] Description After reaching the end of the currently displayed file, do not exit (the default behavior), but continue to monitor the Log file indefinitely and display it while it is being written. The -t parameter indicates that the display is to begin at the end of the file, in other words, the display will initially be empty and only new records added later will be displayed. -t must come with a -f flag. These flags are relevant only for active files. -n Do not perform DNS resolution of the IP addresses in the Log file (the default behavior). This option significantly speeds up the processing. Display both the date and the time for each log record (the default is to show the date only once above the relevant records, and then specify the time per log record). Show detailed log chains (all the log segments a log record consists of). Display only events whose action is action, that is, accept, drop, reject, authorize, deauthorize, encrypt and decrypt. Control actions are always displayed. Display only log whose origin is the specified IP address or name. Display only events that were logged after the specified time (see format below). starttime may be a date, a time, or both. If date is omitted, then today's date is assumed. Display only events that were logged before the specified time (see format below). endtime may be a date, a time, or both. Display only events that were logged between the specified start and end times (see format below), each of which may be a date, a time, or both. If date is omitted, then today's date is assumed. The start and end times are expected after the flag. Unification scheme file name.

-l

-o -c action

-h host

-s starttime

-e endtime

-b starttime endtime

-u unification_scheme_file

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Argument -m unification_mode

Description This flag specifies the unification mode. initial - the default mode, specifying complete unification of log records; that is, output one unified record for each id. This is the default. When used together with -f, no updates will be displayed, but only entries relating to the start of new connections. To display updates, use the semi parameter. semi - step-by-step unification, that is, for each log record, output a record that unifies this record with all previously-encountered records with the same id. raw - output all records, with no unification.

-a -k alert_name

Output account log records only. Display only events that match a specific alert type. The default is all, for any alert type. Do not use a delimited style. The default is: : after field name ; after field value

-g

logfile

Use logfile instead of the default Log file. The default Log File is $FWDIR/log/fw.log.

Where the full date and time format is: MMM DD, YYYY HH:MM:SS. For example: May 26, 1999 14:20:00 It is possible to specify date only in the format MMM DD, YYYY, or time only, in the format: HH:MM:SS, where time only is specified, the current date is assumed. Example fw fw fw fw fw log log log log log | more -c reject -s "May 26, 1999" -f -s 16:00:00

Output [<date>] <time> <action> <origin> <interface dir and name> [alert] [field name: field value;] ... Each output line consists of a single log record, whose fields appear in the format shown above. Example 14:56:39 reject jam.checkpoint.com >daemon alert src: veredr.checkpoint.com; dst: jam.checkpoint.com; user: a; rule: 0; reason: Client Encryption: Access denied - wrong user name or password ; scheme: IKE; reject_category: Authentication error; product: Security Gateway 14:57:49 authcrypt jam.checkpoint.com >daemon src: veredr.checkpoint.com; user: a; rule: 0; reason: Client Encryption: Authenticated by Internal Password; scheme: IKE; methods: AES256,IKE,SHA1; product: Security Gateway; 14:57:49 keyinst jam.checkpoint.com >daemon src: veredr.checkpoint.com; peer gateway: veredr.checkpoint.com; scheme: IKE; IKE: Main Mode completion.; CookieI: 32f09ca38aeaf4a3; CookieR: 73b91d59b378958c; msgid: 47ad4a8d; methods: AES-256 + SHA1, Internal Password; user: a; product: Security Gateway;
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fw logswitch
Description fw logswitch creates a new active Log File. The current active Log File is closed and renamed by default $FWDIR/log/current_time_stamp.log unless you define an alternative name that is unique. The format of the default name current_time_stamp.log is YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log. For example: 2003-03-26_041200.log Warning: The Logswitch operation fails if a log file is given an pre-existing file name. The rename operation fails on Windows if the active log that is being renamed, is open at the same time that the rename operation is taking place; however; the Logswitch will succeed and the file will be given the default name $FWDIR/log/current_time_stamp.log.

The new Log File that is created is given the default name $FWDIR/log/fw.log. Old Log Files are located in the same directory. A Security Management server can use fw logswitch to change a Log File on a remote machine and transfer the Log File to the Security Management server. This same operation can be performed for a remote machine using fw lslogs (on page 174) and fw fetchlogs (on page 164). When a log file is sent to the Security Management server, the data is compressed. Usage fw logswitch [-audit] [filename] fw logswitch -h hostage [+|-][filename] Syntax Argument -audit Description Does logswitch for the Security Management server audit file. This is relevant for local activation. The name of the file to which the log is saved. If no name is specified, a default name is provided. The resolvable name or IP address of the remote machine (running either a Security Gateway or a Security Management server) on which the Log File is located. The Security Management server (on which the fw logswitch command is executed) must be defined as one of host's Security Management servers. In addition, you must initialize SIC between the Security Management server and the host. Change a remote log and copy it to the local machine. Change a remote log and move it to the local machine thereby deleting the log from the remote machine.

filename

-h hostage

+ -

Comments Files are created in the $FWDIR/log directory on both host and the Security Management server when the + or - parameters are specified. Note that if - is specified, the Log File on the host is deleted rather than renamed. hostage specified: filename specified - On hostage, the old Log File is renamed to old_log. On the Security Management server, the copied file will have the same name, prefixed by hostages name. For example, the command fw logswitch -h venus +xyz creates a file named venus_xyz.log on the Security Management server. filename not specified - On hostage, the new name is the current date, for example: 2003-03-26_041200.log.
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On the Security Management server, the copied file will have the same name, but prefixed by hostage_. For example, target_2003-03-26_041200.log. hostage not specified: filename specified - On the Security Management server, the old Log File is renamed to old_log. filename not specified - On the Security Management server, the old Log File is renamed to the current date.

Compression When log files are transmitted from one machine to another, they are compressed using the zlib package, a standard package used in the Unix gzip command (see RFC 1950 to RFC 1952 for details). The algorithm is a variation of LZ77 method. The compression ratio varies with the content of the log records and is difficult to predict. Binary data are not compressed, but string data such as user names and URLs are compressed.

fw mergefiles
Description Merge several Log Files into a single Log File. The merged file can be sorted according to the creation time of the Log entries, and the times can be "fixed" according to the time zones of the origin Log servers. Logs entries with the same Unique-ID are unified. If a Log switch was performed before all the segments of a specific log were received, this command will merge the records with the same Unique-ID from two different files, into one fully detailed record. Usage fw mergefiles [-s] [-t time_conversion_file] log_file_name_1 [... log_file_name_n] output_file Syntax Argument -s -t time_conversion_file Description Sort merged file by log records time field. Fix different GMT zone log records time in the event that the log files originated from Log Servers in different time zone. The time_conversion_file format is as follows: ip-address signed_date_time_in_seconds ip-address signed_date_time_in_seconds log_file_name_n output_file Full pathnames of the Log File(s). Full pathname of the output Log File.

Comments It is not recommended to merge the current active fw.log file with other Log Files. Instead, run the fw logswitch command and then run fw mergefiles.

fw monitor
Description Inspecting network traffic is an essential part of troubleshooting network deployments. fw monitor is a powerful built-in tool to simplify the task of capturing network packets at multiple capture points within the firewall chain. These packets can be inspected using industry-standard tools later on. In many deployment and support scenarios capturing network packets is an essential functionality. tcpdump or snoop are tools normally used for this task. fw monitor provides an even better functionality but omits many requirements and risks of these tools. No Security Flaws tcpdump and snoop are normally used with network interface cards in promiscuous mode. Unfortunately the promiscuous mode allows remote attacks against these tools. fw monitor does not use the promiscuous mode to capture packets. In addition most FireWalls' operating
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systems are hardened. In most cases this hardening includes the removal of tools like tcpdump or snoop because of their security risk. Available on all Security Gateway installations fw monitor is a built-in firewall tool which needs no separate installation in case capturing packets is needed. It is a functionality provided with the installation of the FireWall package. Multiple capture positions within the firewall kernel module chain fw monitor allows you to capture packets at multiple capture positions within the firewall kernel module chain; both for inbound and outbound packets. This enables you to trace a packet through the different functionalities of the firewall. Same tool and syntax on all platforms Another important fact is the availability of fw monitor on different platforms. Tools like snoop or tcpdump are often platform dependent or have specific "enhancements" on certain platforms. fw monitor and all its related functionality and syntax is absolutely identical across all platforms. There is no need to learn any new "tricks" on an unknown platform.

Normally the Check Point kernel modules are used to perform several functions on packets (like filtering, encrypting and decrypting, QoS ). fw monitor adds its own modules to capture packets. Therefore fw monitor can capture all packets which are seen and/or forwarded by the FireWall. Only one instance of fw monitor can be run at a time. Use ^C (that is Control + C) to stop fw monitor from capturing packets. Usage fw monitor [-u|s] [-i] [-d] [-D] <{-e expr}+|-f <filter-file|->> [-l len] [-m mask] [-x offset[,len]] [-o <file>] <[-pi pos] [-pI pos] [-po pos] [-pO pos] | -p all > [-a] [-ci count] [-co count] [-vs vsid or vsname] [-h] -T Syntax Argument -u|s Description Printing the UUID or the SUUID: The option u or s is used to print UUIDs or SUUIDs for every packet. Please note that it is only possible to print the UUID or the SUUID not both. Flushing the standard output: Use to make sure that captured data for each packet is at once written to standard output. This is especially useful if you want to kill a running fw monitor process and want to be sure that all data is written to a file. Debugging fw monitor: The -d option is used to start fw monitor in debug mode. This will give you an insight into fw monitor's inner workings. This option is only rarely used outside Check Point. It is also possible to use D to create an even more verbose output. Filtering fw monitor packets: fw monitor has the ability to capture only packets in which you are interested. fw monitor filters use a subset of INSPECT to specify the packets to be captured. Set the filter expression: on the command line using the e switch. by reading it from a file using the -f switch. by reading it from standard input using the -f - switch.

-i

[-d] [-D]

<{-e expr}+|-f <filter-file|->>

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Argument -l len

Description Limiting the packet length: fw monitor allow you to limit the packet data which will be read from the kernel with -l. This is especially useful if you have to debug high sensitive communication. It allows you to capture only the headers of a packet (e.g. IP and TCP header) while omitting the actual payload. Therefore you can debug the communication without seeing the actual data transmitted. Another possibility is to keep the amount of data low. If you don't need the actual payload for debugging you can decrease the file site by omitting the payload. It's also very useful to reduce packet loss on high-loaded machines. fw monitor uses a buffer to transfer the packets from kernel to user space. If you reduce the size of a single packet this buffer won't fill up so fast. Setting capture masks: By default fw monitor captures packets before and after the virtual machine in both directions. These positions can be changed. This option allows you to specify in which of the four positions you are interested. Printing packet/payload data: In addition to the IP and Transport header fw monitor can also print the packets' raw data using the x option. Optionally it is also possible to send all data that is written only to the screen the data written. Write output to file: Save the raw packet data to a file in a standard (RFC 1761) format. The file can be examined using by tools like snoop, tcpdump or Ethereal. Note - The snoop file format is normally used to store Layer 2 frames. For "normal" capture files this means that the frame includes data like a source and a destination MAC address. fw monitor operates in the firewall kernel and therefore has no access to Layer 2 information like MAC addresses. Instead of writing random MAC addresses, fw monitor includes information like interface name, direction and chain position as "MAC addresses".

-m mask

-x offset[,len]

-o <file>

-T

Print time stamp in microseconds. -T is needed only when -o is not used. When -o is used the exact time is written to the snoop file by default as of Corsica. Insert fw monitor chain module at a specific position: In addition to capture masks (which give the ability to look at packets in a specific position) fw monitor has the ability to define where exactly in the firewall chain the packets should be captured. This can be defined using these options.

<[-pi pos] [-pI pos] [-po pos] [-pO pos] | -p all >

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Argument -a

Description Use absolute chain positions: If you use fw monitor to output the capture into a file (option o), one of the fields written down to the capture file is the chain position of the fw monitor chain module. Together with a simultaneous execution of fw ctl chain you can determine where the packet was captured. Especially when using p all you will find the same packet captured multiples times at different chain positions. The option a changes the chain id from a relative value (which only makes sense with the matching fw ctl chain output) to an absolute value. These absolute values are known to CPEthereal and can be displayed by it. Capture a specific number of packets: fw monitor enables you to limit the number of packets being captured. This is especially useful in situations where the firewall is filtering high amounts of traffic. In such situations fw monitor may bind so many resources (for writing to the console or to a file) that recognizing the break sequence (Control-C) might take very long. Capture on a specific Virtual Router or Virtual Machine: VPN-1 Power VSX enables you to run multiple Virtual Routers and FireWalls on one physical machine. Using the option vs you can specify on which virtual component the packets should be captured. This option is only available on a VPN-1 Power VSX module. Please refer to fw monitor on FireWall-1 VSX for more information. Displays the usage.

[-ci count] [-co count]

[-vs vsid or vsname]

-h

Example The easiest way to use fw monitor is to invoke it without any parameter. This will output every packet from every interface that passes (or at least reaches) the Check Point gateway. Please note that the same packet is appearing several times (two times in the example below). This is caused by fw monitor capturing the packets at different capture points. Output

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cpmodule]# fw monitor monitor: getting filter (from command line) monitor: compiling monitorfilter: Compiled OK. monitor: loading monitor: monitoring (control-C to stop) eth0:i[285]: 172.16.1.133 -> 172.16.1.2 (TCP) len=285 id=1075 TCP: 1050 -> 18190 ...PA. seq=bf8bc98e ack=941b05bc eth0:I[285]: 172.16.1.133 -> 172.16.1.2 (TCP) len=285 id=1075 TCP: 1050 -> 18190 ...PA. seq=bf8bc98e ack=941b05bc eth0:o[197]: 172.16.1.2 -> 172.16.1.133 (TCP) len=197 id=44599 TCP: 18190 -> 1050 ...PA. seq=941b05bc ack=bf8bca83 eth0:O[197]: 172.16.1.2 -> 172.16.1.133 (TCP) len=197 id=44599 TCP: 18190 -> 1050 ...PA. seq=941b05bc ack=bf8bca83 eth0:o[1500]: 172.16.1.2 -> 172.16.1.133 (TCP) len=1500 id=44600 TCP ^C : 18190 -> 1050 ....A. seq=941b0659 ack=bf8bca83 monitor: caught sig 2 monitor: unloading The first line of the fw monitor output is eth0:i[285]: 172.16.1.133 -> 172.16.1.2 (TCP) len=285 id=1075 This packet was captured on the first network interface (eth0) in inbound direction before the virtual machine (lowercase i). The packet length is 285 bytes (in square parenthesis; repeated at the end of the line. Note that these two values may be different. The packets ID is 1075. The packet was sent from 172.16.1.133 to 172.16.1.2 and carries a TCP header/payload. The second line of the fw monitor output is TCP: 1050 -> 18190 ...PA. seq=bf8bc98e ack=941b05bc The second line tells us that this is a TCP payload inside the IP packet which was sent from port 1050 to port 18190. The following element displays the TCP flags set (in this case PUSH and ACK). The last two elements are showing the sequence number (seq=bf8bc98e) of the TCP packet and the acknowledged sequence number (ack=941b05bc). You will see similar information for UDP packets. You will only see a second line if the transport protocol used is known to fw monitor. Known protocols are for example TCP, UDP and ICMP. If the transport protocol is unknown or cannot be analyzed because it is encrypted (e.g. ESP or encapsulated (e.g. GRE) the second line is missing. Further Info. See SecureKnowledge solution sk30583 (http://supportcontent.checkpoint.com/solutions?id=sk30583).

fw lslogs
Description Display a list of Log Files residing on a remote or local machine. You must initialize SIC between the Security Management server and the remote machine. Usage fw lslogs [[-f <filename>] ...] [-e] [-s name | size | stime | etime] [-r] [<machine>] Syntax Argument -f <filename> Description The list of files to be displayed. The file name can include wildcards. In Unix, any file containing wildcards should be enclosed in quotes. The default parameter is *.log.

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Argument -e

Description Display an extended file list. It includes the following data: Size - The size of the file and its related pointer files together. Creation Time - The time the Log File was created. Closing Time - The time the Log File was closed. Log File Name - The file name.

-s

Specify the sort order of the Log Files using one of the following sort options: name - The file name. size - The file size. stime - The time the Log File was created. etime - The time the Log File was closed.

The default is stime. -r <machine> Reverse the sort order (descending order). The name of the machine on which the files are located. It can be a gateway or a Log Server. The default is localhost. This example shows the extended file list you see when you use the fw lslogs -e

Example command:

fw lslogs -e module3 Size Creation Time name 99KB 10Jan2002 16:46:27 10_183752.log 16KB 10Jan2002 18:36:05

Closing Time 10Jan2002 18:36:05 --

Log file 2002-01fw.log

fw putkey
Description Install a Check Point authentication password on a host. This password is used to authenticate internal communications between Security Gateways and between a Check Point Security Gateway and its Security Management server. A password is used to authenticate the control channel the first time communication is established. This command is required for backward compatibility scenarios. Usage fw putkey [-opsec] [-no_opsec] [-ssl] [-no_ssl] [-k num] [-n <myname>] [-p <pswd>] host... Syntax Argument -opsec -no_opsec -ssl -no_ssl Description Only control connections are enabled. Only OPSEC control connections are enabled. The key is used for an SSL connection. The key is not used for an SSL connection.

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Argument -k num

Description The length of the first S/Key password chain for fwa1 authentication (Check Point's proprietary authentication protocol). The default is 7. When fewer than 5 passwords remain, the hosts renegotiate a chain of length 100, based on a long random secret key. The relatively small default value ensures that the first chain, based on a short password entered by the user, is quickly exhausted. The IP address (in dot notation) to be used by the Check Point Security Gateway when identifying this host to all other hosts, instead of, for example, the resolution of the hostname command. The key (password). If you do not enter the password on the command line, you will be prompted for it. The IP address(es) or the resolvable name(s) of the other host(s) on which you are installing the key (password). This should be the IP address of the interface "closest" to the host on which the command is run. If it is not, you will get error messages such as the following: "./fwd: Authentication with hostname for command sync failed" This command is never used in a script.

-n <myname>

-p <psw>

host

Comments

fw repairlog
Description fw repairlog rebuilds a Log file's pointer files. The three files: name.logptr, name.loginitial_ptr and name.logaccount_ptr are recreated from data in the specified Log file. The Log file itself is modified only if the -u flag is specified. Usage fw repairlog [-u] logfile Syntax Argument -u logfile Description Indicates that the unification chains in the Log file should be rebuilt. The name of the Log file to repair.

fw sam
Description Manage the Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) server. Use the SAM server to block connections to and from IP addresses without the need to change the Security Policy. SAM commands are logged. Use this command to (also) monitor active SAM requests (see -M option). To configure the SAM server on the Security Management server or Security Gateway, use SmartDashboard to edit the Advanced > SAM page of the Check Point Security Gateway object. Usage Add/Cancel SAM rule according to criteria: fw sam [-v][-s <sam server>][-S <server sic name>][-f <fw host>][-t timeout][-l log][-C] -<n|i|I|j|J> <Criteria> Delete all SAM rules: fw sam [-v][-s <sam server>][-S <server sic name>][-f <fw host>] -D Monitor all SAM rules:
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fw sam [-v][-s <sam server>][-S <server sic name>][-f <fw host>] -M -ijn all Monitor SAM rules according to criteria: fw sam [-v][-s <sam server>][-S <server sic name>][-f <fw host>] -M -ijn <Criteria> Syntax Parameter -v Meaning Verbose mode. Writes one message (describing whether the command was successful or not) to stderr for each Security Gateway machine on which the command is enforced. The IP address (in dot format) or the resolvable name of the FireWalled host that will enforce the command. The default is localhost.

-s sam_server

-S The SIC name for the SAM server to be contacted. It is expected that server_sic_name the SAM server will have this SIC name, otherwise the connection will fail. If no server SIC name is supplied the connection will proceed without SIC names comparison. For more information about enabling SIC refer to the OPSEC API Specification. -f <fw host> Specify the host, the Security Gateway machine on which to enforce the action. host can be one of the following (default is All): localhostSpecify the computer running the SAM server to enforce the action on it. The name of the object or groupthe action is enforced on this object; if this object is a group, on every object in the group. GatewaysAction enforced on FireWalls defined as gateways and managed by Security Management server where the SAM server runs. AllEnforced on FireWalls managed by Smart- Center server where SAM server runs.

-D

Cancel all inhibit (-i, -j,-I,-J) and notify (-n) commands. To "uninhibit" inhibited connections, execute fw sam with the -C or D parameters. It is also possible to use this command for active SAM requests. Cancel the command to inhibit connections with the specified parameters. These connections will no longer be inhibited (rejected or dropped). The command parameters must match the ones in the original command, except for the -t (timeout) parameter. The time period (in seconds) for which the action will be enforced. The default is forever or until cancelled. The type of the log for enforced actions can be one of the following: nolog, long_noalert, long_alert. The default is long_alert. Notify, or generate, a long-format log entry. Generates an alert when connections that match the specified services or IP addresses pass through the FireWall. This action does not inhibit or close connections. Inhibit (do not allow) new connections with the specified parameters. Each inhibited connection is logged according to log type. Matching connections will be rejected.
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-C

-t timeout

-l log

-n

-i

Security Management Server and Firewall Commands

Parameter -I

Meaning Inhibit new connections with the specified parameters, and close all existing connections with the specified parameters. Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type. Matching connections will be rejected. Inhibit new connections with the specified parameters. Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type. Connections will be dropped. Inhibit new connections with the specified parameters, and close all existing connections with the specified parameters. Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type. Connections will be dropped. Monitor the active SAM requests with the specified actions and criteria. Get all active requests. For monitoring purposes only.

-j

-J

-M

all

Usage Criteria are used to match connections, and are composed of various combinations of the following parameters: <source ip><source netmask><destination ip><destination netmask> <service><protocol> Possible combinations are: src <ip> dst <ip> any <<ip> subsrc <ip><netmask> subdst <ip><netmask> subany <ip><netmask> srv <src ip><dest ip><service><protocol> subsrv <src ip><src netmask><dest ip><dest netmask><service> <protocol> subsrvs <src ip><src netmask><dest ip><service><protocol> subsrvd <src ip><dest ip><dest netmask><service><protocol> dstsrv <dest ip><service><protocol> subdstsrv <dest ip><dest netmask><service><protocol> srcpr <ip><protocol> dstpr <ip><protocol> subsrcpr <ip><netmask><protocol> subdstpr <ip><netmask><protocol> Syntax Criteria Parameters src <ip> dst <ip> any <ip> Description Match the source IP address of the connection. Match the destination IP address of the connection. Match either the source IP address or the destination IP address of the connection. Match the source IP address of the connections according to the netmask. Match the destination IP address of the connections according to the netmask.
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subdst <ip> <netmask>

Security Management Server and Firewall Commands

Criteria Parameters subany <ip> <netmask>

Description Match either the source IP address or destination IP address of connections according to the netmask. Match the specific source IP address, destination IP address, service and protocol. Match the specific source IP address, destination IP address, service and protocol. Source and destination IP addresses are assigned according to the netmask. Match the specific source IP address, source netmask, destination netmask, service and protocol.

srv <src ip> <dst ip> <service> <protocol> subsrv <src ip> <netmask> <dst ip> <netmask> <service> <protocol> subsrvs <src ip> <src netmask> <dest ip> <service> <protocol>

subsrvd <src ip> <dest ip> Match specific source IP address, destination IP, destination netmask, service and protocol. <dest netmask> <service> <protocol> dstsrv <dst ip> <service> <protocol> subdstsrv <dst ip> <netmask> <service> <protocol> srcpr <ip> <protocol> dstpr <ip> <protocol> subsrcpr <ip> <netmask> <protocol> Match specific destination IP address, service and protocol. Match specific destination IP address, service and protocol. Destination IP address is assigned according to the netmask. Match the source IP address and protocol. Match the destination IP address and protocol. Match the source IP address and protocol of connections. Source IP address is assigned according to the netmask. Match the destination IP address and protocol of connections. Destination IP address is assigned according to the netmask.

subdstpr <ip> <netmask> <protocol>

Example This command inhibits all connections originating on louvre for 10 minutes. Connections made during this time will be rejected: fw sam -t 600 -i src louvre This command inhibits all FTP connections from the louvre subnet to the eifel subnet. All existing open connections will be closed. New connection will be dropped, a log is kept and an alert is sent: fw sam -l long_alert -J subsrvs louvre 255.255.255.0 eifel 21 6 The previous command will be enforced forever - or until canceled by the following command: fw sam -C -l long_alert -J subsrvs louvre 255.255.255.0 eifel 21 6 This command monitors all active "inhibit" or "notify SAM" requests for which lourve is the source or destination address: fw sam -M -nij any lourve This command cancels the command in the first example: fw sam -C -i src louvre

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fw stat
Description State tables are used to keep state information which the firewall virtual machine, and other components of the Security Gateway need in order to correctly inspect the packet. The tables are actually the 'memory' of the virtual machine in the kernel, and are the key component of Check Point Stateful Inspection technology. State tables are implemented as dynamic hash tables in kernel memory. All field values are in hexadecimal, apart from the time-out value at the end of the entry, when present. The fw tab command displays the content of state tables on the target hosts in various formats. For each host, the default format displays the host name and a list of all tables with their elements. Usage fw tab [-all |-conf conffile] [-s][-m number][-u][-t tname][-x tname][-d] <targets> Syntax Argument -all Description The command is to be executed on all targets specified in the default system configuration file ($FWDIR/conf/sys.conf). The command is to be executed on the targets specified in conffile.

-conf conffile -s

Summary of the number of entries in each table: host name, table name, table ID, and its number of entries For each table, display only its first number of elements (default is 16 entries at most). Do not limit the number of entries displayed for each table. Display only tname table. Delete all entries in all tables Debug mode The command is executed on the designated targets.

-m number

-u -t tname -x tname -d targets

A table has a list of associated attributes. Example Comments To display only the arp_table table, fw tab -t arp_table

fw sam -C -i src louvre

fw tab
Description The fw tab command enables you to view kernel table contents and change them (that is, only dynamic tables since the content of a static table is indeed static). Usage fw tab [-t <table>] [-s] -c] [-f] [-o <filename>] [-r] [-u | -m <maxvals>] [[-x | -a} -e entry] [-y] [hostname]" Syntax Argument - t <table> -s Description Specifies a table for the command. Displays a short summary of the table (s) information.

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Argument -y -f

Description Specifies to not prompt a user before executing any commands. Displays a formatted version of the table content. Every table may have its own specific format style. Dumps CL formatted output to filename, which can later be read by fw log or any other entity that can read FW log formats. Displays formatted table information in common format. Resolves IP addresses in formatted output. It is possible to add or remove an entry from an existing dynamic table by using the -a or the -x flags, respectively. These flags must be followed by the -e flag and an entry description (<entry>). Caution - Improper use of the -a and -x flags may cause system instability.

-o <filename> -c -r -x, -a, -e

[hostname]

A list of one or more targets. When not used, the local machine is used as the default target.

Example fw tab -t <table-name> -a -e "1,2;3,4,5" or fw tab -t <table-name> -a -e "<1,2;3,4,5>" Adds an entry: <00000001,00000002,00000003,00000004,00000005,>to<table-name> fw tab -t <table-name> -a -e "1,2," or fw tab -t <table-name> -a -e "<1,2>" Adds an entry with only a key field: <00000001,00000002> If table<table-name> contains the following entry: <0000000,00000001,00000002> fw tab -t <table-name> -x -e "0,1" or fw tab -t <table-name> -x -e "0,1;2" Removes the entry from the specified table. Comments If table has the 'expire' attribute, entries added using the -a flag will receive the default table timeout. This feature only works on local machine kernel tables and does not work on a remote machine's tables like additional fw tab commands. The -x flag can be used independently of the -e flag in which case the entire table content is deleted. This feature should only be used for debug purposes. It is not advisable to arbitrarily change the content of any kernel table since doing so may have unexpected results including unexpected security and connectivity impacts.

fw ver
Description Display the Security Gateway major and minor version number and build number. Usage fw ver [-k][-f <filename>] Syntax Argument -k -f <filename> Description Print the version name and build number of the Kernel module. Print the version name and build number to the specified file.

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fwm
Description Perform management operations on the Security Gateway. It controls fwd and all Check Point daemons. Usage fwm

fwm dbimport
Description Imports users into the Check Point User Database from an external file. You can create this file yourself, or use a file generated by fwm dbexport. Usage fwm dbimport [-m] [-s] [-v] [-r] [-k errors] [-f file] [-d delim] Syntax Argument -m Description If an existing user is encountered in the import file, the user's default values will be replaced by the values in the template (the default template or the one given in the attribute list for that user in the import file), and the original values will be ignored.

-s

Suppress the warning messages issued when an existing user's values are changed by values in the import file. verbose mode

-v

-r -k errors

fwm dbimport will delete all existing users in the database. Continue processing until nerror errors are encountered. The line count in the error messages starts from 1 including the attributes line and counting empty or commented out lines. The name of the import file. The default import file is $FWDIR/conf/user_def_file. Also see the requirements listed under "File Format" on page 72. Specifies a delimiter different from the default value (;). The IKE pre shared secret does not work when exporting from one machine and importing

-f file

-d delim Comments to another.

To ensure that there is no dependency on the previous database values, use the-r flag together with the -m flag. File Format The import file must conform to the following Usage: The first line in the file is an attribute list. The attribute list can be any partial set of the following attribute set, as long as name is included: {name; groups; destinations; sources; auth_method; fromhour; tohour; expiration_date; color; days; internal_password; SKEY_seed; SKEY_passwd; SKEY_gateway; template; comments; userc}

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The attributes must be separated by a delimiter character. The default delimiter is the ; character. However, you can use a different character by specifying the -d option in the command line.

The rest of the file contains lines specifying the values of the attributes per user. The values are separated by the same delimiter character used for the attribute list. An empty value for an attribute means use the default value. For attributes that contain a list of values (for example, days), enclose the values in curly braces, that is,{}. Values in a list must be separated by commas. If there is only one value in a list, the braces may be omitted. A + or - character appended to a value list means to add or delete the values in the list from the current default user values. Otherwise the default action is to replace the existing values. Legal values for the days attribute are: MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN. Legal values for the authentication method are: Undefined, S/Key, SecurID, Unix Password, VPN-1 & FireWall-1 Password, RADIUS, Defender. Time format is hh:mm. Date format is dd-mmm-yy, where mmm is one of {Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec}. If the S/Key authentication method is used, all the other attributes regarding this method must be provided. If the Check Point password authentication method is used, a valid Check Point password should be given as well. The password should be encrypted with the C language encrypt function. Values regarding authentication methods other than the one specified are ignored. The userc field specifies the parameters of the user's SecuRemote connections, and has three parameters, as follows: key encryption method - DES, CLEAR, Any data encryption method - DES, CLEAR, Any integrity method - MD5,[blank] = no data integrity. "Any" means the best method available for the connection. This depends on the encryption methods available to both sides of the connection. For example, {DES,CLEAR,} means: key encryption method is DES; no data encryption; no data integrity.

A line beginning with the ! character is considered a comment.

fwm expdate
Description Modify the expiration date of all users and administrators. Usage fw expdate dd-mmm-1976 Comments Example The date can be modified using a filter. fw expdate 02-mar-2003 -f 01-mar-2003

fwm dbexport
Description formats: Export the Check Point User Database to a file. The file may be in one of the following the same Usage as the import file for fwm dbimport LDIF format, which can be imported into an LDAP server using ldapmodify

Usage To export the User Database to a file that can be used with fwm dbimport: fwm dbexport [ [-g group | -u user] [-d delim] [-a {attrib1, attrib2, ...} ] [-f file] ]
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To export the User Database as an LDIF file: fwm dbexport -l -p [-d] -s subtree [-f file] Syntax Argument -g group Description Specifies a group (group) to be exported. The users in the group are not exported. Specifies that only one user (user) is to be exported. Debug flag Specifies the attributes to export, in the form of a commaseparated list, between {} characters, for example, -a {name,days}. If there is only one attribute, the {} may be omitted. file specifies the name of the output file. The default output file is $FWDIR/conf/user_def_file. Create an LDIF format file for importation by an LDAP server. The profile name. The branch under which the users are to be added. This is the Account Unit's IKE shared secret (IKE Key in the Encryption tab of the Account Unit Properties window.) Note: [-k IKE-shared-secret]

-u user -d -a {attrib1, attrib2, ...}

-f file

-l

-p -s -k

Comments

The IKE pre shared secret does not work when exporting from one machine and importing to another. If you use the -a parameter to specify a list of attributes, and then import the created file using fwm dbimport, the attributes not exported will be deleted from the user database. fwm dbexport and fwm dbimport (non-LDIF Usage) cannot export and import user groups. To export and import a user database, including groups, proceed as follows: * Run fwm dbexport on the source Security Management server. * On the destination Security Management server, create the groups manually. * Run fwm dbimport on the destination Security Management server.

The users will be added to the groups to which they belonged on the source Security Management server. If you wish to import different groups of users into different branches, run fwm dbexport once for each subtree, for example: fwm dbexport -f f1 -l -s ou=marketing,o=WidgetCorp,c=us fwm dbexport -f f2 -l -s ou=rnd,o=WidgetCorp,c=uk Next, import the individual files into the LDAP server one after the other. For information on how to do this, refer to the documentation for your LDAP server. The LDIF file is a text file which you may wish to edit before importing it into an LDAP server. For example, in the Check Point user database, user names may be what are in effect login names (such as "maryj") while in the LDAP server, the DN should be the user's full name ("Mary Jones") and "maryj" should be the login name. Suppose the User Database contains two users, "maryj" and "ben".
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fwm dbexport -l -s o=WidgetCorp,c=us creates a LDIF file consisting of two entries with the following DNs: cn=ben,o=WidgetCorp,c=us cn=maryj,o=WidgetCorp,c=us

fwm dbload
Description Download the user database and network objects information to selected targets. If no target is specified, then the database is downloaded to localhost. Usage fwm dbload [-all | -conf <conffile>] [<targets>] Syntax Argument -all Description Execute command on all targets specified in the default system configuration file ($FWDIR/conf/sys.conf). This file must be manually created.

-conf <conffile> Only OPSEC control connections are enabled. <targets> Execute command on the designated targets.

fwm ikecrypt
Description fwm ikecrypt command line encrypts the password of a SecuRemote user using IKE. The resulting string must then be stored in the LDAP database. Usage fwm ikecrypt shared-secret user-password Syntax Argument shared-secret Description The IKE Key defined in the Encryption tab of the LDAP Account Unit Properties window. The SecuRemote user's password.

user-password

Comments An internal CA must be created before implementing IKE encryption. An Internal CA is created during the initial configuration of the Security Management server, following installation.

fw getcap
Description fwm getcap command line fetches the packet capture. Usage fwm getcap -g <gw> -u "{CAP_ID}" [-p <path>] [-c <domain>] Syntax Argument -g -u Description Host name of the gateway Capture UID
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Argument -p -c

Description Output pathname Host name of the Domain Management Server

fwm load
Description Compile and install a Security Policy or a specific version of the Security Policy on the target's Security Gateways. This is done in one of two ways: fwm load compiles and installs an Inspection Script (*.pf) file on the designated Security Gateways. fwm load converts a Rule Base (*.W) file created by the GUI into an Inspection Script (*.pf) file then installs it to the designated Security Gateways.

Versions of the Security Policy and databases are maintained in a version repository on the Security Management server. Using this command specific versions of the Security Policy can be installed on a gateway (local or remote) without changing the definition of the current active database version on the Security Management server. To protect a target, you must load a Policy that contains rules whose scope matches the target. If none of the rules are enforced on the target, then all traffic through the target is blocked. Usage fwm load [-p <plug-in product name>] [-S] <rulebase version name> <targets> Syntax Argument -S -p rulebase Description The targets are UTM-1 Edge gateways. Specifies the product name if applicable. A Rule Base created by the GUI. Specify the name of the rulebase, such as Standard (case sensitive). Retrieve the Security Policy from the version repository. The version number represents the number of the Security Policy as it is saved in the version repository. Execute command on the designated target. The following command installs the Security Policy standard in the target gateway

-v version number

targets Example johnny.

fwm load -v18 Standard johnny

fwm lock_admin
Description View and unlock locked administrators. Usage fwm lock_admin [-v][-u administrator][-ua] Syntax Argument -v -u administrator -ua Description View the names of all locked administrators. Unlock a single administrator. Unlock all locked administrators.
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fwm logexport
Description fwm logexport exports the Log file to an ASCII file. Usage fwm logexport [-d delimiter] [-i filename] [-o outputfile] [-n] [-p] [-f] [-m <initial | semi | raw>] [-a] Syntax Argument -d delimiter -i filename Description Set the output delimiter. The default is a semicolon (;). The name of the input Log file. The default is the active Log file, fw.log The name of the output file. The default is printing to the screen. Do not perform DNS resolution of the IP addresses in the Log file (this option significantly speeds the processing). Do not perform service resolution. A service port number is displayed. If this is the active Log file (fw.log), wait for new records and export them to the ASCII output file as they occur. This flag specifies the unification mode. initial - the default mode. Complete the unification of log records; that is, output one unified record for each id. semi - step-by-step unification, that is, for each log record, output a record that unifies this record with all previouslyencountered records with the same id. raw - output all records, with no unification.

-o outputfile -n

-p

-f

-m

-a Comments

Show account records only (the default is to show all records). Controlling the Output of fwm logexport using logexport.ini

The output of fwm logexport can be controlled by creating a file called logexport.ini and placing it in the conf directory: $FWDIR/conf.The logexport.ini file should be in the following format: [Fields_Info] included_fields = field1,field2,field3,<REST_OF_FIELDS>,field100 excluded_fields = field10,field11 note that: the num field will always appear first, and cannot be manipulated using logexport.ini <REST_OF_FIELDS> is a reserved token that refers to a list of fields. It is optional. If -f option is set, <REST_OF_FIELDS> is based on a list of fields taken from the file logexport_default.C. If -f is not set, <REST_OF_FIELDS> will be based on the given input log file. It is not mandatory to specify both included_fields and excluded_fields.

Format: The fwm logexport output appears in tabular format. The first row lists the names of all fields included in the subsequent records. Each of the subsequent rows consists of a single log record, whose fields are
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sorted in the same order as the first row. If a records has no information on a specific field, this field remains empty (as indicated by two successive semi-colons). Example num;date;time;orig;type;action;alert;i/f_name;i/f_dir;product;sys_message:; service;s_port;src;dst; 0; 5Dec2002;9:08:44;jam.checkpoint.com;control; ;;daemon;inbound;VPN1 & FireWall-1;The hme0 interface is not protected by the anti-spoofing feature. Your network may be at risk;;;;; 1; 5Dec2002;9:08:44;jam.checkpoint.com;control; ;;daemon;inbound;VPN1 & FireWall-1;;ftp;23456;1.2.3.4;3.4.5.6;

fwm sic_reset
Description Reset the Internal CA and delete all the certificates from the Internal CA and the Internal CA itself. After running sic_reset, the ICA should be initialized through the cpconfig command. If this command is run all the certified IKE from the Internal CA should be removed (using the SmartConsole). Usage fwm sic_reset Syntax Argument sic_reset Description Resets the internal CA SIC certificates and deletes the Internal CA.

fwm unload <targets>

Description Uninstall the currently loaded Inspection Code from selected targets. Usage fwm unload <targets>[-all | -conf conffile] Syntax Argument targets -all Description Execute command on the designated targets. Execute command on all targets specified in the default system configuration file ($FWDIR/conf/sys.conf). This file must be manually created. Execute command on targets specified in the conffile.

conf conffile

fwm ver
Description fwm ver displays the build number. Usage fwm ver [-f <filename>]

fwm verify <policy-name>

Description The fwm verify <policy-name> command verifies the specified policy package without installing it.
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Usage fwm verify <policy-name> Syntax Argument <policy-name> Description The name of an available policy package.

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Chapter 12
VPN Commands
In This Chapter Overview 190

Overview
Description VPN commands generate status information regarding VPN processes, or are used to stop and start specific VPN services. All VPN commands are executed on the Security Gateway. The vpn command sends to the standard output a list of available commands. Usage vpn Comments Sends to the standard output a list of available commands.

vpn accel
Description Perform operations on VPN accelerator cards (encryption only cards, not the full SecureXL cards). The command comes in three flavors -- for turning the accelerator card on and off, for collecting statistics, and enabling or disabling the accelerator card or acceleration software. Usage vpn accel [-d vpnx] on|off vpn accel [-d vpnx] stat[-l] vpn accel -d vpnx autostart on|off Syntax Argument autostart on|off on/off stat [-l] Example Output Description Automatically starts/stops the vpnx accelerator software Enable/disable accelerator card or vpnx accelerator module Reports the status of the accelerator card in long format vpn accel -d vpnx stat

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VPN-1: VPNx started Number of initialization errors: 0 Number of processing errors: 0 vpn accel -d vpnx stat -l VPN-1: VPNx started Number of initialization errors: 0 Number of processing errors: 0 Number of ESP valid contexts: 0 Number of packets queued to the accelerator: 0 High water mark of number of packets in queue: 1 Example Output VPN-1: VPNx started Number of initialization errors: 0 Number of processing errors: 0 vpn accel -d vpnx stat -l VPN-1: VPNx started Number of initialization errors: 0 Number of processing errors: 0 Number of ESP valid contexts: 0 Number of packets queued to the accelerator: 0 High water mark of number of packets in queue: 1 vpn accel -d vpnx stat -l

Number of packets and bytes since last activation -------------------------------------------------------------Packets Bytes -------------------------------------------------------------ESP decrypted 52 7072 ESP encrypted 52 7072 ESP total 104 14144 Total 104 14144

Average rates for the last 42.343 seconds -------------------------------------------------------------Packets/sec Kbit/sec -------------------------------------------------------------ESP decrypted 0 0.00 ESP encrypted 0 0.00 ESP total 0 0.00 Total 0 0.00

vpn compreset
Description Reset the compression/decompression statistics to zero. Usage vpn compreset Comments Run this command before running vpn compstat. This command is mostly obsolete. More compression/decompression information is available via cpstat.

vpn compstat
Description Display compression/decompression statistics. Usage vpn compstat
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Comments This command is mostly obsolete. More compression/decompression information is available via cpstat.

vpn crl_zap
Description Erase all Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) from the cache. Usage vpn crl_zap Return Value 0 for success; any other value equals failure.

vpn crlview
Description Retrieve the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from various distribution points and displays it for the user. The command comes in three flavors: vpn crlview -obj <MyCA> -cert <MyCert>. The VPN daemon contacts the Certificate Authority called MyCA and locates the certificate called MyCert. The VPN daemon extracts the certificate distribution point from the certificate then goes to the distribution point, which might be an LDAP or HTTP server. From the distribution point, the VPN daemon retrieves the CRL and displays it to the standard output. vpn crlview -f d:\temp\MyCert. The VPN daemon goes to the specified directory, extracts the certificate distribution point from the certificate, goes to the distribution point, retrieves the CRL, and displays the CRL to the standard output. vpn crlview -view <lastest_CRL>. If the CRL has already been retrieved, this command instructs the VPN daemon to display the contents to the standard output. vpn crlview -f <filename> vpn crlview -view Syntax Argument -obj -cert Description -f -view -d -obj refers to the name of the CA network object -cert refers to the name of the certificate

Usage vpn crlview -obj <object name> -cert <certificate name>

Refers to the filename of the certificate Views the CRL Debug option

Return Value 0 for success; any other value equals failure.

vpn debug
Description Instruct the VPN daemon to write debug messages to the VPN log file: in $FWDIR/log/vpnd.elg. Debugging of the VPN daemon takes place according to topics and levels. A topic is a specific area on which to perform debugging, for example if the topic is LDAP, all traffic between the VPN daemon and the LDAP server are written to the log file. Levels range from 1-5, where 5 means "write all debug messages". This command makes use of TdError, a Check Point infrastructure for reporting messages and debug information. There is no legal list of topics. It depends on the application or module being debugged. To debug all available topics, use: ALL for the debug topic. IKE traffic can also be logged. IKE traffic is logged to $FWDIR/log/IKE.elg

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Usage Usage: vpn debug < on [ DEBUG_TOPIC=level ] | off | ikeon | ikeoff | trunc | timeon <SECONDS>| timeoff vpn debug on DEBUG_TOPIC=level |off timeon<SECONDS>]|timeoff vpn debug ikeon | ikeoff timeon|timeoff vpn debug trunc Syntax Argument on on topic=level Description Turns on high level vpn debugging. Turns on the specified debug topic on the specified level. Log messages associated with this topic at the specified level (or higher) are sent to $FWDIR/log/vpnd.elg Turns off all vpn debugging. Number of seconds to run the debug command Turns on IKE packet logging to: $FWDIR/log/IKE.elg Turns of IKE logging Truncates the $FWDIR/log/IKE.elg file, switches the cyclic vpnd.elg (changes the current vpnd.elg file to vpnd0.elg and creates a new vpnd.elg), enables vpnd and ike debugging and adds a timestamp to the vpnd.elg file. 0= success, failure is some other value, typically -1 or 1. vpn debug on all=5 timeon 5.

off timeon/timeoff ikeon

ikeoff trunc

Return Value Example

This writes all debugging information for all topics to the vpnd.elg file for five seconds. Comments IKE logs are analyzed using the support utility IKEView.exe.

vpn drv
Description Install the VPN kernel (vpnk) and connects to the firewall kernel (fwk), attaching the VPN driver to the Firewall driver. Usage vpn drv on|off vpn drv stat Syntax Argument on/off stat Description Starts/stops the VPN kernel Returns the status of the VPN kernel, whether the kernel is on or off

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vpn export_p12
Description Export information contained in the network objects database and writes it in the PKCS#12 format to a file with the p12 extension. Usage vpn export_12 -obj <network object> -cert <certificate object> -file <filename> -passwd <password> Syntax Argument -obj -cert -file -passwd Description Name of the gateway network object Name of the certificate What the file with the p12 should be called Password required to open the encrypted p12 file

Return Value 0 for success; any other value equals failure. Example kdd432 vpn export_p12 -obj Gateway1 -cert MyCert -file mycert.p12 -passwd

vpn macutil
This command is related to Remote Access VPN, specifically Office mode, generating a MAC address per remote user. This command is relevant only when allocating IP addresses via DHCP. Remote access users in Office mode receive an IP address which is mapped to a hardware or MAC address. This command displays a generated hardware or MAC address for each name you enter. Usage vpn macutil <username> Example Output 20-0C-EB-26-80-7D, "John" vpn macutil John

vpn nssm_toplogy
Description Generate and upload a topology (in NSSM format) to NSSM server for use by clients. Usage vpn nssm_topology -url <"url"> -dn <"dn"> -name <"name"> -pass <"password"> [-action <bypass|drop>][-print_xml] Syntax Argument -url -dn Description URL of the NSSM server Distinguished name of the NSSM server needed to establish an SSL connection Valid Login name for NSSM server Valid password for NSSM server

-name -pass

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Argument -action

Description Specifies the action the Symbian client should take if the packet is not destined for an IP address in the VPN domain. Legal options are Bypass (default) or Drop The topology is in XLM format. This flag writes that topology to a file in XLM format.

-print_xml

vpn overlap_encdom
Description Display all overlapping VPN domains. Some IP addresses might belong to two or more VPN domains. The command alerts for overlapping encryption domains if one or both of the following conditions exist: The same VPN domain is defined for both gateway If the gateway has multiple interfaces, and one or more of the interfaces has the same IP address and netmask.

If the gateway has multiple interfaces, and one or more of the interfaces have the same IP address and netmask Usage vpn overlap_encdom [communities | traditional] Syntax Argument Communities Description With this flag, all pairs of objects with overlapping VPN domains are displayed -- but only if the objects (that represent VPN sites) are included in the same VPN community. This flag is also used if the same destination IP can be reached via more than one community. Default flag. All pairs of objects with overlapping VPN domains are displayed. vpn overlap_encdom communities

Traditional

Example Output

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c:\> vpn overlap_encdom communitie The objects Paris and London have overlapping encryption domains. The overlapping domain is: 10.8.8.1 - 10.8.8.1 10.10.8.0 - 10.10.9.255 - This overlapping encryption domain generates a multiple entry points configuration in MyIntranet and RemoteAccess communities. - Same destination address can be reached in more than one community (Meshed, Star). This configuration is not supported. The objects Paris and Chicago have overlapping encryption domains. The overlapping domain is: 10.8.8.1 - 10.8.8.1 - Same destination address can be reached in more than one community (MyIntranet, NewStar). This configuration is not supported. The objects Washington and Tokyo have overlapping encryption domains. The overlapping domain is: 10.12.10.68 - 10.12.10.68 10.12.12.0 - 10.12.12.127 10.12.14.0 - 10.12.14.255 - This overlapping encryption domain generates a multiple entry points configuration in Meshed, Star and NewStar communities.

vpn sw_topology
Description Download the topology for a Safe@ or Edge gateway. Usage vpn [-d] sw_toplogy -dir <directory> -name <name> -profile <profile> [filename <filename>] Syntax Argument -d -dir -name -profile Description Debug flag Output directory for file Nickname of site which appears in remote client Name of the Safe@ or Edge profile for which the topology is created Name of the output file

-filename

vpn tu
Description Usage vpn tu vpn tunnelutil Example Output vpn tu Launch the TunnelUtil tool which is used to control VPN tunnels.

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********** (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (0) (Q)

Select Option

**********

List all IKE SAs List all IPsec SAs List all IKE SAs for a given peer (GW) or user (Client) List all IPsec SAs for a given peer (GW) or user (Client) Delete all IPsec SAs for a given peer (GW) Delete all IPsec SAs for a given User (Client) Delete all IPsec+IKE SAs for a given peer (GW) Delete all IPsec+IKE SAs for a given User (Client) Delete all IPsec SAs for ALL peers and users Delete all IPsec+IKE SAs for ALL peers and users Quit

******************************************* Further Info. When viewing Security Associations for a specific peer, the IP address must be given in dotted decimal notation.

vpn ver
Description Display the VPN major version number and build number. Usage vpn ver [-k] -f <filename> Syntax Argument ver -k -f Description Displays the version name and version build number Displays the version name and build number and the kernel build number Prints the version number and build number to a text file.

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Chapter 13
SmartView Monitor Commands
In This Chapter Overview 198

Overview
Description operations. The rtm command and all its derivatives are used to execute SmartView Monitor

rtm debug
Description Send debug printouts to the $FWDIR/log/rtmd.elg file. Usage rtm debug <on | off> [OPSEC_DEBUG_LEVEL | TDERROR_<AppName>_<Topic>=<ErrLevel>] Syntax Argument on off OPSEC_DEBUG_LEVEL TDERROR_RTM_ALL Description Start debug mode Stop debug mode Turn on OPSEC debug printouts Turn on SmartView Monitor debug printouts

rtm drv
Description Start, stop or check the status of the SmartView Monitor kernel driver. Usage rtm drv <on | off | stat> Syntax Argument on off stat Description Start the SmartView Monitor kernel driver Stop the SmartView Monitor kernel driver SmartView Monitor kernel driver status

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rtm monitor <module_name>{<interface_name>|-filter "<complex filter>"}

Description Starts the monitoring process and specify parameters for monitoring an interface. Usage rtm monitor <module_name><interface_name>[options]-g<grouping> [entity-1...entity-n] or rtm monitor <module_name>-filter["complex filter"][options]-g<grouping> [entity-1...entity-n] Syntax Argument -a -w -t -i @@ Description <aggregate|individual> <bandwidth|loss|rtt> <wire|application> <number of seconds> specifies subrule (for example, 'rule@@subrule') '-y bytes -a aggregate -w bandwidth -i2 svc|src|dst|ip|fgrule|topsvc|topsrc|topdst|topip|topfw|topfgrule The name of the SmartView Monitor module. The name of the monitored interface. Specifies one of the following monitor directions: - inbound - outbound - eitherbound inbound outbound eitherbound -y Monitors the inbound direction. Monitors the outbound direction. Monitors both directions. Specifies one of the following measurement units: - bytes - pkts - line c C -a Indicates the number of new connections opened per second. Average concurrent connections Aggregate - displays a specific type of connections as an aggregate. Individual - displays a specific type of connections as an individual. The default is eitherbound.
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default values grouping types module-name interface-name -d

SmartView Monitor Commands

Argument -g

Description Specifies one of the following grouping options for monitored traffic: - svc - src - dst - ip - fgrule - topsvc - topsrc - topdst - topdst - topfwm - topfgrule

svc src dst ip

Monitors according to a service. Monitors according to a network object (source only). Monitors according to a network object (destination only). Monitors according to a network object (source and destination). Monitors according to a QoS Policy rule. Monitors the traffic of the top 50 services. Monitors the traffic of the top 50 sources. Monitors the traffic of the top 50 destinations. Monitors traffic to and from the top 50 IP addresses (source of destination). Monitors according to the top 50 Firewall rules. Monitors according to the top 50 QoS Policy rules. Specifies whether or not thousands will be separated by commas. ["<complex filter>"] Only monitors traffic that matches the complex -filter Boolean expression.

fgrule topsvc topsrc topdst topdst

topfwn topfgrule -p

-filter

Example The following command line displays monitoring data in bytes-per-sec for the top 50 services passed on any interface in both directions: rtm monitor localhost -filter -g topsvc The following command will display monitoring data in Conncurrent-Connections for the top 50 sources passed on interface eth0, inbound (that is, not telnet of http).

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rtm monitor localhost -filter "[and[[interface 0 [[eth0in]]][svc 1 [telnet http]]]" -y C -g topsrc The default monitors all traffic on any interface in both directions. Comments The specified entities should correspond to the specified grouping option. For example, if the monitoring process works according to a service (svc), all of the monitored services should be listed and separated by single spaces. When monitoring occurs according to the QoS Policy rule (fgrule), 'rule@@subrule" should be used to specify a subrule entity. There is no need to specify the top grouping options since they automatically monitor the top 50 entities according to the specified group. Example The following command displays monitoring data in bytes-per-sec for the top 50 services passed on interface hme1. rtm monitor localhost hme1 -g topsvc -y b

rtm monitor <module_name>-v<virtual_link_name>

Description Start the monitoring process and specifies parameters for monitoring a Virtual Link. Usage rtm monitor <module_name>-v<virtual_link_name>[options]entity-1... entity-n Syntax Argument module-name virtual-link-name -d Description The name of the SmartView Monitor module. The name of the monitored Virtual Link. Specifies one of the following monitoring directions: - a2b - b2a - a2b_b2a a2b b2a a2b_b2a -y Monitors End Point A to End Point B. Monitors End Point B to End Point A. Monitors both directions. Specifies one of the following measurement units. It is only required when the -w value is bandwidth. - bytes - pkts -w bandwidth loss Specifies the displayed data type. Displays the effective bandwidth. Displays the difference between the transmission rate and the receiving rate. Displays the time required to make the round trip between the two End Points.

rtt

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Argument -t

Description Specifies the data type. It is only required when the -w value is bandwidth. Shows the data on the wire after compression or encryption. Shows the data as the application sees it (that is, not compressed and not encrypted).

wire application

rtm rtmd
Description run. Start the SmartView Monitor daemon manually. This also occurs manually when rtmstart is Usage rtm rtmd

rtm stat
Description Display the general SmartView Monitor status. In addition, it displays the status of the daemon, driver, opened views and active virtual links. Usage rtm stat [flavor(s)] [-h] [-v[v][v]] Syntax Argument -h -v vl view Description Help Verbose Current virtual links Current views

rtm ver
Description Display the SmartView Monitor version. Usage rtm ver [-k] Syntax Argument -k Description Displays the SmartView Monitor kernel version.

rtmstart
Description Load the SmartView Monitor kernel module and starts the SmartView Monitor daemon. Usage rtmstart

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rtmstop
Description Kill the SmartView Monitor daemon and unloads the SmartView Monitor kernel module. Usage rtmstop

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Chapter 14
ClusterXL Commands
In This Chapter cphaconf cphaprob cphastart cphastop 204 205 205 205

cphaconf
Description The cphaconf command configures ClusterXL. Important - Running this command is not recommended. It should be run automatically, only by the Security Gateway or by Check Point support. The only exception to this rule is running this command with set_cpp option, as described below. Usage cphaconf [-i <machine id>] [-p <policy id>] [-b <db_id>] [-n <cluster num>][-c <cluster size>] [-m <service >] [-t <secured IF 1>...] start cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf cphaconf Syntax Argument cphaconf set_ccp <broadcast/multicast> Description Sets whether Cluster Control Protocol (CCP) packets should be sent with a broadcast or multicast destination MAC address. The default behavior is multicast. The setting created using this command will survive reboot. Note, the same value (either broadcast or multicast) should be set on all cluster members. [-t <secured IF 1>...] [-d <disconnected IF 1>...] add clear-secured clear-disconnected stop init forward <on/off> debug <on/off> set_ccp <broadcast/multicast> mc_reload debug_data

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ClusterXL Commands

cphaprob
Description properly. Usage cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob cphaprob Syntax Argument cphaprob -d <device> -t <timeout(sec)> -s <ok|init|problem> [-p] register cphaprob -f <file> register cphaprob -d <device> [-p] unregister Description Register <device> as a critical process, and add it to the list of devices that must be running for the cluster member to be considered active. -d <device> -t <timeout(sec)> -s <ok|init|problem> [-p] register -f <file> register -d <device> [-p] unregister -a unregister -d <device> -s <ok|init|problem> report [-i[a]] [-e] list state [-a] if The cphaprob command verifies that the cluster and the cluster members are working

Register all the user defined critical devices listed in <file>.

Unregister a user defined <device> as a critical process. This means that this device is no longer considered critical.

cphaprob -a unregister cphaprob -d <device> -s <ok|init|problem> report

Unregister all the user defined <device>. Report the status of a user defined critical device to ClusterXL.

cphaprob [-i[a]] [-e] list View the list of critical devices on a cluster member, and of all the other machines in the cluster. cphaprob state View the status of a cluster member, and of all the other members of the cluster. View the state of the cluster member interfaces and the virtual cluster interfaces.

cphaprob [-a] if

cphastart
Description Running cphastart on a cluster member activates ClusterXL on the member. It does not initiate full synchronization. cpstart is the recommended way to start a cluster member.

cphastop
Description Running cphastop on a cluster member stops the cluster member from passing traffic. State synchronization also stops. It is still possible to open connections directly to the cluster member. In High Availability Legacy mode, running cphastop may cause the entire cluster to stop functioning.

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Index
A
Advanced Routing 100 Advanced VRRP 127 Aliases 35 ARP 54 Authentication Servers 114

B
Before Configuring VRRP 124 Bond Interfaces (Link Aggregation) 39 Bridge Interfaces 45

C
Change My Password 101 Change My Password - CLI (selfpasswd) 101 Change My Password - WebUI 101 Choosing a VRRP Method 123 CLI Configuration Procedures for VPN Tunnel Interfaces 51 CLI Procedures 38, 69, 111 CLI Procedures - IPv6 Static Routes 72 CLI Procedures- Software Updates 149 Client Environment Output Format 23 ClusterXL Commands 204 Command Completion 17 Command History 18 Command Line Movement and Editing 19 Commands and Features 15 Completing the VTI Configuration 54 Configuration using the CLI 30, 46 Configuration Using the CLI 36 Configuration using the WebUI 35 Configuring a DHCP Server - CLI (dhcp) 57 Configuring a DHCP Server- WebUI 56 Configuring a Software Deployment Policy WebUI 146 Configuring Advanced VRRP - CLI (vrrp) 132 Configuring Advanced VRRP - WebUI 127 Configuring Aliases - CLI (interface) 35 Configuring ARP - CLI (arp) 55 Configuring ARP- WebUI 54 Configuring Bond Interfaces - CLI 40 Configuring Bond Interfaces - WebUI 39 Configuring Bridge Interfaces - CLI (bridging) 46 Configuring Bridge Interfaces - WebUI 45 Configuring DNS - CLI (dns) 61 Configuring DNS - WebUI 61 Configuring Host Name - CLI (hostname) 59 Configuring Host Name - WebUI 59 Configuring Hosts - CLI (host) 60 Configuring Hosts- WebUI 60 Configuring Image Management - CLI (snapshot) 143 Configuring Image Management - WebUI 142 Configuring IPv4 Static Routes - WebUI 64 Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - CLI (ipv6 static-route) 71 Configuring IPv6 Static Routes - WebUI 70

Configuring Job Scheduler - CLI (cron) 93 Configuring Job Scheduler - WebUI 92 Configuring Licenses - CLI (cplic) 134 Configuring Loopback Interfaces - CLI (interface) 48 Configuring Loopback Interfaces - WebUI 47 Configuring Mail Notification - CLI (mailnotification) 95 Configuring Mail Notification - WebUI 95 Configuring Many Static Routes at Once 65 Configuring Messages - CLI (message) 96 Configuring Messages - WebUI 95 Configuring Network Switches 124, 129 Configuring Nonlocal RADIUS Users using Vendor Specific attributes 117 Configuring NTP 75 Configuring NTP - CLI (ntp) 77 Configuring Password Policy- CLI (passwordcontrols) 113 Configuring Password Policy- WebUI 112 Configuring Physical Interfaces - CLI (interface) 33 Configuring Physical Interfaces - WebUI 33 Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers CLI (aaa radius-servers) 115 Configuring RADIUS Authentication Servers WebUI 114 Configuring Roles - CLI (rba) 109 Configuring Roles - WebUI 106 Configuring SNMP - CLI (snmp) 87 Configuring SNMP - WebUI 82 Configuring Software Deployment clish (installation) 148 Configuring Software Deployment - WebUI 147 Configuring Software Update Notifications WebUI 147 Configuring Static Routes - CLI (static-route) 67 Configuring System Groups - CLI (group) 119 Configuring System Groups- WebUI 118 Configuring System Logging - CLI (syslog) 98 Configuring System Logging - WebUI 97 Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers CLI (aaa tacacs-servers) 118 Configuring TACACS Authentication Servers WebUI 117 Configuring Telnet Access - CLI (net-access) 99 Configuring Telnet Access - WebUI 98 Configuring the Check Point Security Gateway for VRRP 129 Configuring the Session - CLI (inactivitytimeout) 97 Configuring the Session - WebUI 97 Configuring Time and l - WebUI 74 Configuring VLAN Interfaces - WebUI 36 Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces 50 Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces - CLI (vpn tunnel) 50 Configuring VPN Tunnel Interfaces - WebUI 50 Configuring VRRP - CLI (mcvr) 126 Configuring VRRP - WebUI 125

Configuring VRRP Rules for Check Point Security Gateway 130 cp_conf 152 cp_conf admin 153 cp_conf auto 154 cp_conf ca 153 cp_conf client 153 cp_conf finger 153 cp_conf ha 153 cp_conf lic 153 cp_conf sic 153 cp_conf snmp 154 cp_conf sxl 154 cpca_client 151 cpca_client create_cert 151 cpca_client lscert 151 cpca_client revoke_cert 151 cpca_client set_mgmt_tools 152 cpconfig 154 cphaconf 204 cphaprob 205 cphastart 205 cphastop 205 cpinfo 154 cplic check 135 cplic db_add 136 cplic db_print 136 cplic db_rm 137 cplic del 137 cplic del <object name> 137 cplic get 138 cplic print 140 cplic put 138 cplic put <object name> ... 139 cplic upgrade 141 cpstart 155 cpstat 155 cpstop 157 Creating or Deleting a Bond Interface 42

D
Defining Directional Matching VPN Rules 52 Defining Load Sharing Parameters 44 Defining Rules to Allow OSPF Traffic 53 Defining Slave Interfaces 43 Defining the ARP monitoring interval 44 Defining the Bond Operating Mode 42 Defining the Media Monitoring Interval 43 Defining the Primary Slave Interface 43 Defining the UP and Down Delay Times 44 Defining the VPN Community 49 Defining VPN Rules 52 DHCP Server 56 Do Not Cascade Switches 129 Domain Name Service (DNS) 61 Download SmartConsole 144 Download SmartConsole - WebUI 144

fw 158 fw ctl 158 fw ctl affinity 160 fw ctl affinity -l 161 fw ctl affinity -s 160 fw ctl debug 159 fw ctl engine 162 fw ctl multik stat 163 fw ctl sdstat 163 fw fetch 164 fw fetchlogs 164 fw getcap 185 fw hastat 165 fw -i 158 fw isp_link 165 fw kill 166 fw lea_notify 166 fw lichosts 166 fw log 167 fw logswitch 169 fw lslogs 174 fw mergefiles 170 fw monitor 170 fw putkey 175 fw repairlog 176 fw sam 176 fw stat 180 fw tab 180 fw ver 181 fwm 182 fwm dbexport 183 fwm dbimport 182 fwm dbload 185 fwm expdate 183 fwm ikecrypt 185 fwm load 186 fwm lock_admin 186 fwm logexport 187 fwm sic_reset 188 fwm unload <targets> 188 fwm ver 188 fwm verify <policy-name> 188

G
Gaia Overview 9 General Configuration Considerations 131 GetBulkRequest 92 GetNextRequest 92 GetRequest 91

H
Hardware Health Monitoring 144 High Availability 121 Host Addresses 60 Host Name 59 Hosts and DNS 59 How VRRP Works 121

E
Environment Commands 21 Expert Mode 23

I
Image Management 142 Important Information 3 Interface Elements 12 Interface Link Status 28 Interface Management 28
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F
Firewall Policies 131

Interpreting Error Messages 90 Introduction to the Command Line Interface 15 Introduction to the WebUI 10 IPv4 Static Routes 63 IPv6 Static Routes 70

J
Job Scheduler 92

L
Licenses 134 Link Aggregation - CLI (bonding) 40 Logging in to the WebUI 11 Loopback Interfaces 47

M
Mail Notification 94 Maintenance 134 Making Route Based VPN the Default Option 49 Making Sure that Link Aggregation is Working 45 Managing User Accounts - CLI (user) 103 Managing User Accounts - WebUI 102 Messages 95 Monitored-Circuit VRRP in Switched Environments 131

Setting the Time Manually - CLI (Time) 78 Setting the Time Zone Manually - CLI (timezone) 78 Showing Hardware Health Monitoring Information - WebUI 144 Showing Hardware Monitoring Information - CLI (sysenv) 144 Showing System Overview Information - CLI (uptime, version) 26 Showing System Overview Information- WebUI 25 Showing the Time & Date - CLI (clock) 78 Shutdown 145 Shutting Down - CLI (halt, reboot) 145 Shutting Down - WebUI 145 SmartView Monitor Commands 198 SNMP 79 SNMP Proxy Support for Check Point MIB 82 Software Updates 146 Status Bar 13 Switched Environments 131 System Groups 118 System Information Overview 25 System Logging 97 System Management 74

T
The Configuration Tab 13 The Monitoring Tab 13 Time 74, 78 Toolbar Accessories 12 Troubleshooting VRRP 130

N
Navigation Tree 13 Network Access 98 Network Interfaces 28

O
Obtaining a Configuration Lock 20 Overview 190, 198

U
Understanding Monitored-Circuit VRRP 123 Use PortFast with Spanning Tree Protocol 129 User Account Fields- WebUI 103 User Defined (Extended) Commands 24 User Management 101 Users 101 Using the Check Point MIB 82 Using the Search Tool 12

P
Password Policy 111 Physical Interfaces 32

R
Reusing Parts of Commands 19 Roles 106 rtm debug 198 rtm drv 198 rtm monitor <module_name> <interface_name>|-filter 199 rtm monitor <module_name>v<virtual_link_name> 201 rtm rtmd 202 rtm stat 202 rtm ver 202 rtmstart 202 rtmstop 203

V
VLAN Interfaces 35 vpn accel 190 VPN Commands 190 vpn compreset 191 vpn compstat 191 vpn crl_zap 192 vpn crlview 192 vpn debug 192 vpn drv 193 vpn export_p12 194 vpn macutil 194 vpn nssm_toplogy 194 vpn overlap_encdom 195 vpn sw_topology 196 vpn tu 196 VPN Tunnel Interfaces 49 vpn ver 197 VRRP 121

S
Saving Configuration Changes 15 Security Management Server and Firewall Commands 151 Selecting Node Parameters 123 Session 97 Setting the Date Manually - CLI (date) 78

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W
WebUI Overview 10 Working with the Configuration Lock 12

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