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BINOMIAL EXPANSION+Teorem Pascal+Mapping

(1) This document defines binomial expansion and provides examples of binomial expressions like (a + x), (1 - x), (2x + 3y). (2) It defines factorial notation, binomial coefficients, and the binomial theorem for expanding binomial expressions. (3) Pascal's triangle is introduced as another way to determine binomial coefficients and expand binomial expressions where n is greater than 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate expanding binomial expressions using both the binomial theorem and Pascal's triangle.

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57 views6 pages

BINOMIAL EXPANSION+Teorem Pascal+Mapping

(1) This document defines binomial expansion and provides examples of binomial expressions like (a + x), (1 - x), (2x + 3y). (2) It defines factorial notation, binomial coefficients, and the binomial theorem for expanding binomial expressions. (3) Pascal's triangle is introduced as another way to determine binomial coefficients and expand binomial expressions where n is greater than 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate expanding binomial expressions using both the binomial theorem and Pascal's triangle.

Uploaded by

azu2996
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BINOMIAL EXPANSION

DEFINITION OF BINOMIAL EXPANSION



A sequence have 2 term or more is named as binomial sequence or binomial expression.The example
are :
(a + x), (1 - x), (2x + 3y)
Definition 1:
FACTORIAL for a number is a multiplication / product of a sequence number.
Symbol: !
Example : a product of first 7 positive integer are ;
7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 read as 7 factorial therefore 7! = 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

General form is given by the definition below.
For any integer positive n, we definite FACTORIAL n which sign by n! as
n! = n(n-1)(n-2)( n-3)3x2x1 where, 0! = 1

Example 1.
Find the value of ,
a) 9!
b) 6!
c)
! 6
! 9

d)
! 5 ! 15
! 18
Definition 2:
Co-eficient of Binomial ;
Symbol
|
|
.
|

\
|
r
n
@
n
C
r
is define as
|
|
.
|

\
|
r
n
=
n
C
r =
( ) ! !
!
r r n
n


If (1+x)
2
= (1+x)(1+x)
= 1+2x+x
2

How to expand if
(2 + 3x)
9
= ?????
We can use the button on our calculator to find these values
Example 2:
Find the value of ,
a)
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.
|

\
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3
5

b)
|
|
.
|

\
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0
n

c)
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.
|

\
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17
20

d)
|
|
.
|

\
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|
|
.
|

\
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3
5
4
6



















EXERCISE 1
Find the value of ;
a) 8!
b) 4!7!
c)
! 0
! 7

d) 6! 3!
e)
! 6
! 8

f)
! 4 ! 10
! 14

g)
! 6
! 8 ! 4

h) 8! ( 2!7!)

EXERCISE 2
Without using the
calculator, find:
a)
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
5

b)
|
|
.
|

\
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3
18

ANSWER :

EX. 1:
a) 40320
b) 120960
c) 5040
d) 714
e) 56
f) 1001
g) 1344
h) 30240
EX. 2:
a) 10
b) 816



BINOMIAL THEOREM

Expansion in general form (a + b )
n
where a, b is any number and n is integer positive is given as

(a + b )
n
=
0
0
b a
n
n
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
1 1
1
b a
n
n
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
2
b a
n
n
|
|
.
|

\
|
+.+
r r n
b a
r
n

|
|
.
|

\
|
++
n
b a
m
n
0
|
|
.
|

\
|


++
or

(a + b )
n
=
0
)! 0 ( ! 0
!
b a
n
n
n

+
1 1
)! 1 ( ! 1
!
b a
n
n
n

+
2 2
)! 2 ( ! 2
!
b a
n
n
n

+.+
r r n
b a
r n r
n

)! ( !
!
+..........+

Or
(a + b)
n
= a
n
+
n
C
1
a
n 1
b +
n
C
2
a
n 2
b
2
+
n
C
3
a
n 3
b
3
+ ... +
n
C
r
a
n r
b
r
+ ... + x
n



Or we simplify generally as : (a + b )
n
=
n
C
r
a
n r
b
r
[ general form]

Note:
a) Remember !! power of a is desending,power of b is ascending
b) First term , T
1
= a
n

c) Final term T
(n)
= b
n

d) Term of ( r+1) , T
( r+1)
=
r r n
b a
r
n

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|
.
|

\
|

Example 3 :
By using the binomial theorem,expand all the following;
a) ( 3+ x)
5

b) ( 4-x)
6

c) ( 1- 3x)
5

d)
5
2
2 |
.
|

\
|
+
x

n
b a
n n n
n
0
)! ( !
!

PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
- Another way to expand the ( a + b )
n
, where n is more than 2
- For small values the easiest way to determine the value of several consecutive binomial
coefficients is with Pascal's Triangle:
How Pascal's Triangle is Constructed
1. We start to generate Pascals triangle by writing down the number 1. Then we write a new row
with the number 1 twice:
1
1 1

2. We then generate new rows to build a triangle of numbers. Each new row must begin and end
with 1:
1
1 1
1 * 1
1 * * 1

3. The remaining numbers in each row are calculated by adding together the two numbers in the
row above which lie above-left and above-right. So, adding the two 1s in the second row gives 2,
and this number goes in the vacant space in the third row:

1
1 1
1 2 1
1 * * 1

4. The two vacant spaces in the fourth row are each found by adding together the two numbers in
the third row which lie above-left and above-right: 1 + 2 = 3, and 2 + 1 = 3. This gives:
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1

We can continue to build up the triangle in this way to write down as many rows as we wish.

Pascals triangle
n=0 1
n=1 1 1
n=2 1 2 1
n=3 1 3 3 1
n=4 1 4 6 4 1
n=5 1 5 10 10 5 1


Exercise 1
1. Generate the seventh, eighth, and ninth rows of Pascals triangle.



USING PASCALS TRIANGLE TO THE BINOMIAL EXPRESSION.
Example:
1. By using the pascals triangle, expand ( 2+3x)
4
.
STEP:
- First create the pascals triangle.where n=4
n=0 1
n=1 1 1
n=2 1 2 1
n=3 1 3 3 1
n=4 1 4 6 4
1


- Recognize expression of a and b .
So, for ( 2+3x)
4
2 is a and 3x is b
- Then put it in the normal way as binomial.where the power of a is descrease
( menurun) and power of b is increase ( menaik)..
Result:
( 2+3x)
4
= 1 (2)
4
(3x)
0
+ 4 (2)
3
(3x)
1
+ 6 (2)
2
(3x)
2
+ 4 (2)
1
(3x)
3
+ 1 (2)
0
(3x)
4

See..all the co-efiecient is from the pascals triangle..which is 1,4,6,4,1

Example:
By using the binomial theorem,expand all the following;

a) ( 3+ x)
5

b) ( 4-x)
6

c) ( 1- 3x)
5

d)

Take the value in
this row as a co-
eficient
5
2
x
2
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.
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\
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+

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