Public

Safety Communications Research (PSCR) Priority, Pre-emption, QoS

Department of Commerce Boulder Labs 1

LTE Functionality
Priority services, the ability to pre-empt users, and Quality of Service are all crucial to a public safety broadband network.
LTE as a standard has more control over this, than any other previous wireless broadband technology

Since most of the these features within 3GPP have never been commercially deployed and the way in which public safety will use them is unique it is crucial to understand what LTE can provide. NCS, 3GPP, IETF all have documented QoS at various levels
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LTE Access Control & QoS Mechanisms

Cell Status Cell Barring Access Classes Bearers
GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate MBR- Maximum Bit Rate Non GBR Default Dedicated

TFT Trac Flow Template

Uplink Downlink Bearer Level SDF Service Data Flow Level

QCI QoS Class Identier ARP Allocation Retention Priority APN-AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate UE-AMBR

Access Barring
Cell Status (Access Barring) and Special Reservations (Access Reserved) control cell selection and reselection procedures.
Cell Barring UE isnt permitted to select/re-select cell, even for emergency calls
UE reselects another cell according to specic rules

Cell Reserved - Reserve cells for operator activities maintenance, special events etc.
Only specic access classes 11 or 15 allowed for cell selection/re-selection

Access Control
Access control using access classes:
Can be used to prevent devices of commercial users from initiating an RRC connection Can be manually invoked by the LTE network operator on some or all cells to suspend commercial trac during an overload situation (% basis) Recommendation is to follow commercial practice:
Access classes 0 through 9 should be randomly allocated to commercial subscribers on public/private combined networks Access classes 12, 13 and 14 can be used for Public Safety User. 3GPP specications are :
Class 12 Security Services Class 13 Public Utilities Class 14 Emergency Services

Access class 11 and 15 are reserved for LTE network administrative use
Example is testing a new cell before it is placed into service
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Allocation Retention Priority

ARP is stored in the Subscriber prole (HSS) typically on a per APN basis - not included within the EPS QoS Prole sent to the UE
Priority level: 1 15 Pre-emption capability: determines whether a bearer with a lower ARP priority level should be dropped to free up the required resources Pre-emption vulnerability: determines whether a bearer is applicable for dropping by a pre- emption capable bearer with a higher ARP priority value

At every Radio Bearer (RB) setup request (including HO and RRC connection re- establishment), the eNB Radio Admission Control (RAC) entity will check the current eNB hard limit capacities, which includes factors such as: maximum number of UEs and RBs, number of RBs on GBR ARP controls how the eNodeB reacts when when there are insucient resources to establish the new RB Deny the RB request Preempt an existing RB and accept the new RB request

QCI
QCI is a scalar that is used as a reference to access node-specic parameters that control bearer level packet forwarding treatment (e.g. scheduling weights, admission thresholds, queue management thresholds, link layer protocol conguration, etc.), and that have been pre-congured by the operator owning the access node (e.g. eNodeB).
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Trac Flow Template

TFT is set of all packet lters associated with an EPS bearer.
A default bearer may or may not be associated with a TFT (based on HSS data) but a dedicated bearer is always associated with a TFT
Bearer level QoS is associated with a bearer and all trac mapped to that will receive same bearer level packet forwarding treatment.

A packet lter may be associated with a protocol. A packet lter Identier shall be used to identify a packet lter. Uplink TFT used by the UE Downlink TFT used by the PDN

Each EPS bearer is associated with the following bearer level QoS parameters: QoS Class Identier (QCI); Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP). Each GBR bearer is additionally associated with the following bearer level QoS parameters: Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR); Maximum Bit Rate (MBR). Each APN is associated with an Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (APN AMBR). Each UE is associated with UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (UE AMBR).
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QCI Table TS 23.203

ARP Mapping
Priority User groups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 responder at home (A) 1 responder at home (B) 1 responder at home (C) 1 responder at home (D) PS support at home (A)
st st st st

Non-GBR bearer GBR bearer Can pre- Vulnera Can pre- Vulnera empt ble empt ble Yes No Yes No Reserved for Serving Network Yes No Yes No Priority 1 user non video traffic Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Priority 1 user video traffic Priority 2 user non-video traffic Priority 2 user video traffic Priority 3 user non-video traffic Priority 3 user video traffic Priority 4 user non-video traffic Priority 4 user video traffic Priority 5 user for non video traffic E911 GBR Voice Calls (non-PTT) GBR non-voice and IMS signaling Regular subscriber general data IMS signaling Voice calls Reserved Reserved Priority 1 traffic Priority 1 traffic Priority 2 traffic for Serving Network for Serving Network Commercial Users non-video Commercial Users video Commercial Users non-video

1 responder visiting (A) 1 responder visiting (B)

st

st

Yes No No No No No No No No No No

PS support at home (B) PS support at home (C) PS other (A) PS support visiting (A) PS other (B) PS support visiting (B)

Commercial user Commercial user

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Layer 3 IP Precedence and DSCP

IPV4: The three most signicant bits of ToS byte are called IP Precedence. Diserv: Six most signicant bits of ToS byte are called Diserv Code Point (DSCP) remaining two bits are used for ow control EF: Expedited Forwarding dened in RFC3246. DSCP 46 AFxy: Assured Forwarding dened in RFC 2597 - where x corresponds to IP precedence value (only 1-4 are used for AF classes) and y corresponds to the drop precedence value (either 1, 2, 3) with the higher value denoting higher likelihood of dropping. DSCP 10/12/14, 18/20/22, 26/28/30, 34/36/38 CSx: Class Selector dened in RFC2474 - where x corresponds to the IP precedence value (1-7). DSCP 8,16,32,40,48,56 BE: Best Eort of Default Marking value (RFC2474). DSCP 0
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DSCP Mapping to QCI, ARP and PS Apps

Expedited Forwarding
DSCP Name DSCP Value EF 46 RFC Standard RFC3246

QCI, ARP to DSCP Mapping

QCI QCI 1 QCI 2 *ARP QoS Level Trac Class 1-15 PlaQnum 1-15 Gold ConversaQonal Streaming Public Safety Apps Voice PTT, telephony Video Surveillance video, In-car Streaming Interac,ve - Web, CAD, GIS, Database and Records Best Eort - Email, SMS, MMS, Alert NoQcaQons

Assured Forwarding
Drop Low Class 1 Class 2 AF21/ DSCP 18 AF22/ DSCP 20 AF23/ DSCP 22 Class 3 AF31/ DSCP 26 AF32/ DSCP 28 AF33/ DSCP 30 Class 4 RFC Standard RFC 2597

AF11 / DSCP 10 Medium AF12 / DSCP 12 High AF13 / DSCP 14

AF41/ DSCP 34 AF42/ RFC 2597 DSCP 36 AF43/ RFC 2597 DSCP 38

QCI 6

1-15 Silver

InteracQve

Class Selector
DSCP Name CS 7 CS 6 CS 5 CS 4 CS 3 CS 2 CS 1 CS 0 DSCP Value 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 (Best Eort) RFC Standard RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 RFC 2474 QCI 8 1-15 Bronze QCI 9 Background

* ARP value still needs to be defined.

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QoS Mapping

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Demo Network Implementations

Design network to support full End-to-End QoS Start with Best eort data (start simple ): Map default bearer to QCI 8 or 9 [in HSS subscriber prole] Investigate use Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) [in HSS subscriber prole] to create dierent levels of Best Eort Service Support use of QoS bearers
Determine overall QoS mapping possible in Release 8
Develop test cases

Requires PCRF and Rx interface to Application Servers

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Discussion
How can we accomplish meeting public safetys QoS goals? Does our template meet those needs? What parts are available?
Access Control Access Barring Allocation Retention Priority Trac Flow Template

When will they be available?

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Working Group
We will send around a sign up sheet

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Questions?

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