Integrating Sustainability into Design Education: The Toolkit

March 2011

In October 2009, the Designers Accord convened 100 progressive individuals from academic and professional institutions all over the world for two days of highly participatory discussion, planning and action around the topic of design education and sustainability. The main activity was small-group brainstorming focused on answering these questions:

How can we continue to move design education forward? How can we create a common language? How can we communicate best? How can we design a sustainability curriculum? How can we update existing design programs? How can we turn abstract ideas into concrete actions? How can we help students work in more meaningful ways? How can we measure success?
Part of the outcome from the Summit is explored in the following pages. The complete content is available at edutoolkit.designersaccord.org, where site users can add examples of their own discussions, exercises, and projects, as well as adding feedback, comments, and illustrations to enrich or improve other posted examples. These examples are real-world educational activities that materialize the concepts described in this PDF and on the site. For more information about the Designers Accord, visit www.designersaccord.org or email [email protected].

This Designers Accord project was made possible with generous support from the following: Summit Partners: Summit Sponsors Sustainable Minds KODA Summit Supporters: Alter Eco / Baggu / Communication Arts / GOOD / IDSA / New Leaf Paper / Peets Coffee & Tea / Yellow+Blue / San Francisco Green Map / Sacramento City College

How can we continue to move design education forward?

The next generation of designers will require a deeper personal, social, and cultural connection to their work. Design education will need to structure opportunities for students to develop deep, first-hand experience, engage empathetically, and cultivate broad understanding. In order to integrate sustainability into our current educational programs, we need to empower students to initiate, direct, and become stakeholders in real-world design challenges. Design education is shifting from traditional pedagogical structures, where a professor prepared assignments for students to illuminate and reinforce aspects of the course curriculum. Historically, students would solve these faculty-generated design problems in a manner that fulfilled a series of prescribed and predetermined learning outcomes. While this approach may still have value in some areas of the curriculum, faculty are looking for more ways to engage students deeply in the underlying content and to connect them to the broader context of design decisions. As we meet curriculum needs, we must also embrace networks for knowledge- sharing, open-access, and collaborative processes. The future of design education requires that students learn within multi-disciplinary and experiential frameworks, act collaboratively, and think broadly, deeply, and critically. Sustainability is a natural characteristic of this systems approach.

Mindsets
Design thinking rather than design
Reject the what? and ask why? Design is an active process, not a conclusion. Design can provide innovative and enabling alternatives, not just the creation of artifacts. Create a learning environment where thinking-through is celebrated over looking-at. Tackle questions regarding how we should ultimately live, rather than how we can merely alter our present way of living. Highlight the relationship of the designer to the ideal behavioral outcomes of products, rather than the products themselves. Stress the value of synthesizing new ideas on the fly, and support safety in experimentation. Encourage strategic thinking in design, where the designers responsibility goes beyond form and function, to value and viability.

Change Agents
Transform companies, industries, economies through leadership training Individual products or services, no matter how sustainably designed, will still make only limited impact in efforts to stop global climate change. We must transform entire companies, industries, and economies. Contrary to the typical design program output of a portfolio of aesthetic excellence, the greatest measure of success in a sustainable design program is the number of change agents produced the number of people who go on to not just understand sustainability but to act on it, incorporating it into everything they design. Change agents do not just act individually, but enliven others and create a cascade that ripples out from small numbers of graduates to large numbers of projects, companies, and industries.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we continue to move design education forward?

Design in context
Create design challenges in context Not only should students engage with the people involved in real-world design challenges, but they should recast themselves as stakeholders too, not outside agents. Learning within context provides opportunities for asking questions, thinking with a systems perspective, and embracing other disciplines as part of the design experience. It promotes the idea of muscular design, possessing the power to affect all aspects of our planet and our society.

Reverse-engineer traditional hierarchies

Transform companies, industries, economies through leadership training Individual products or services, no matter how sustainably designed, will still make only limited impact in efforts to stop global climate change. We must transform entire companies, industries, and economies. Contrary to the typical design program output of a portfolio of aesthetic excellence, the greatest measure of success in a sustainable design program is the number of change agents produced the number of people who go on to not just understand sustainability but to act on it, incorporating it into everything they design. Change agents do not just act individually, but enliven others and create a cascade that ripples out from small numbers of graduates to large numbers of projects, companies, and industries.

Tell stories
Students can create meaning and find work meaningful Facilitate moments that enable students to form narratives and storytelling experiences. Narratives provide a pause whereby students can contemplate meaning, form their opinions, and then express themselves in a manner that connects to the listener. Additionally, students should practice expressing themselves in non-visual language. As design becomes more artifact-agnostic, persuasive speaking and appropriate language will become increasingly important.

Teach soft-skills
The world of design is changing Students must become self-learners, selfstarters, facilitators, and motivators for sustainable change. Provide opportunities for students to practice and embrace these roles through facilitation of collaborative projects, creation of a studio-culture, exposure to student-initiated projects on other campuses, and support of projects outside the standard curriculum.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we create a common language?

Traditional pedagogies advise educators to establish a list of terminology a common semantic language when introducing new and complex topics. Around the topic of sustainability, it seems that creating a shared vocabulary could make great advances in easing communication across disciplines, and moving past semantic hurdles. In fact, key terms on the subject of sustainability do exist: dictionaries, Wikipedia, guidebooks, and textbooks offer definitions from multiple perspectives. Despite these known references, there is still a running debate about how we might even define the term sustainability, much less the adjacent terms. While the concept of normalizing language has merit, the very nature of adopting sustainability as part of a value system not an objective checklist of tasks means that we need a different approach. In fact, attempting to create a stable and definitive set terminology would also ignore our culturally diverse design community. It would also not account for the importance of a design students personal understanding of the concepts necessary to practice sustainable design. Sustainability is evolving and personal. One must discover it herself to truly relate to it. In the learning environment, educators must establish empathy; acknowledge existing frameworks, information, and organizations; and develop a common center of understanding. These actions can result in an emergent and relevant language of sustainability within a given context.

Mindsets
The S word
Talking about sustainable design is not the best way to talk about it Focus on leadership skills, participation, transparency, engagement, networks, human centered design, respect, and active listening. Ask students to rethink current paradigms and to envision a better future.

Understanding is the language

Sustainability is a frame of mind, not a list of frameworks and terms By undertaking projects that address class/race/gender, socio/economic status, environmental stewardship, transparency, engagement with local and global communities, networks, human-centered design, multiple disciplines, and active listening, students will experience sustainability through a common understanding. The common understanding is the common language. It is not necessarily a spoken language.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we create a common language?

Guide and facilitate dont dictate

Allow students to discover meaning on a personal level Use existing concepts and case studies to encourage students to explore their personal conceptions of sustainability. This establishes empathy an essential element in forming a common language or common understanding.

Experience locally, apply globally

A personal experience can lead to a larger application Create a relationship between a personal (micro) experience and a global (macro) awareness. Once students have a common understanding and language at a small scale, engage them with larger related issues. Facilitate a personal understanding of sustainability in a collaborative and co-generative manner. The need for sustainable design exists in our everyday lives. Find meaningful, local, and personal opportunities to apply sustainable design.

Texting + textbook
Augment with social media Embrace the casual conversational tone of social media over the highly structured crit. Use social media and its immediate short-form content like texting and twittering as learning tools. The seamlessness and accessibility of these avenues of communication can provide a means by which conversation can continue outside the classroom. Social media provides a more casual and non-committal medium, and a method to brainstorm ideas and new possibilities for a project amongst all stakeholders and co-creators.

Theres no such thing as sustainable

Less bad does not equal good, but its a start In an effort to form a common language, frame the concepts as being within reach. Provide exposure to opportunities that are attainable this may be a students first introduction to sustainable design. Shift out of the absolute and into the relative.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we communicate best?

Educators seeking institutional change are highly frustrated. Sets of stakeholder students, faculty, administration, facilities, trustees, board members have a diverse priorities, and there are competing interests that occasionally or often create friction between these stakeholders. Competition for limited resources, established ideas around legacy, and limited time combined with an inability to see personal benefit can agitate and divide a great school. Adversarial relationships and controversial school politics limit progress. Reframing communication as engagement can offer benefits and opportunities to all stakeholders. When specific populations are induced to participate and understand the benefits of working together in a new way, the priority of disciplineand departmental boundaries is diminished, collaboration can flourish, and everyone is rewarded. Note: Communicating needs and making requests does not engage community. Instead a rich, safe, and multi-directional conversation needs to take place.

Mindsets
Listen Deeply
Employ empathy as a way to think differently School populations, like students and facilities, often see sustainability as an increase in workload. Recognize and empathize with their concerns. By listening empathically, you can find a common ground upon which to connect and then work to develop an innovative manner to start to change perceptions. The act of listening empowers the concerned individual or population, who was previously unheard. Listening will inform your next actions and choice of words, and will soften the group for you to be heard when you are ready.

Transparency
Open source and share Transparency requires removing barriers to sharing and learning. Invite stakeholders to professional workshops, distribute curricula, publish successes and failures, share projects, examples, cases, and questions.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we communicate best?

Create the culture

Nurture, not shock and awe When a pre-existing, hierarchical culture does exist, consider taking small steps versus initiating a culture shock. Allocate ample time, and make it easy for different departments to gather on both small and large scales. Focus on opportunities and use the language of opportunity in your written and oral communications. Create a common vision that highlights community, not the individual. Work to include a sustainability statement in the schools strategic plan and mission statement, so that there is a common starting place for everyone involved. Help empower students to become ambassadors. Support groups that typically feel disenfranchised to take charge, and create their successes. Help the disempowered to become leaders by paying attention to their successes, not their limitations or failures. Embrace new digital/social networking tools that encourage active, nonhierarchical participation and honest feedback.

Lead by example
And seek out great examples Imagine what your school would ideally be, fearlessly and optimistically. Manifest that vision in your behavior and conduct. Look for examples of what other schools are doing, and emulate successes. Initiate conversations and projects that contribute to the well-being of the school. Promote efficiency and cost-savings, and emphasize the value of sustainability as it relates to ROI, retention, endowments, and marketing opportunities. Highlight the actions and achievements of role models.

Identify, Connect, Build

Dont start from zero Become a resource for connecting people. Understand how to connect people with compatible skill sets to accelerate intelligence around the topic of sustainability. Dont start from zero, enable people to build on each others knowledge and experience.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we design a sustainability curriculum?

Most design programs recognize the importance of sustainable design, and many offer one or two courses that address specific social and environmental issues or sustainable design in general. A few design programs offer a full range of curriculum in sustainable design, allowing students to earn certificates and degrees these are specialized and rare. Most design programs have single projects within a semester-long course that start to address sustainability issues in design. This one-off approach has clear limitations. Sustainability needs to be integrated as a critical lens in design, not to be considered as an extra-curricular concern, or as an elective. In fact, sustainable design should be synonymous with good design. As the tenets of sustainability become more blended with standard design education, there is great value in modeling a core sustainability curriculum to provide the essential foundation and context for this work. The core sustainability curriculum is best designed by fully integrating sustainability into thinking, doing, and applying: How to think: systems/design/critical thinking How to do: skills (methods, materials, research) How to apply: experiential learning The purpose of design education is to graduate skillful designers with a fundamental understanding of sustainability principles, in theory and in application, capable of working in multidisciplinary teams, and aware of the context and systems, which design addresses. This may be accomplished by evolving a curriculum, which focuses on design and sustainability in the context of systems literacy, skills, and experiential learning.

Mindsets
Sustainability Trio
From thinking to craft In an effort to fully integrate sustainability into the DNA of a design program, consider restructuring course sequencing to accommodate coursework in thinking, doing, and applying each term. These must be taught in a cross-disciplinary and collaborative way: (Thinking) Design-relevant thinking: theory, history, math, science, literature (Doing) Trans-disciplinary: studio, applied projects (Applying) Skills: discipline-specific craftbased activities

Ill show you my footprint, if you show me yours

Engage on-campus projects as Learning Laboratories Measuring a design departments carbon footprint or working out a campus buildings Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can convert a seemingly dry activity into a local and relevant design project. This project provides students with the opportunity to apply discipline-specific design thinking and to internalize sustainability on a personal level.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

How can we design a sustainability curriculum?

Trans-disciplinary thinking is systems thinking

Encourage cross-campus and crossdiscipline collaborations between biologists, anthropologists, historians, sociologists, engineers, and designers. These well-rounded relationships naturally support a strong systems thinking component in the curriculum.

Hand off the torch

Teach students to learn and to lead As educators, we are responsible for inspiring autodidacticism, encouraging our students to learn and think independently. Curriculum should structure projects outside the classroom so that students can learn to lead, co-generate, and collaborate.

Themesters
Choose a new theme each term or year to explore Take a multi-semester or term approach to sustainable design using themes for each new term or year. Themes could include food systems, renewable energy, reclamation, health care, and transportation. Each semester or term would require coursework in thinking, doing, and applying relevant to the selected theme.

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How can we update existing design programs?

Curriculum is the structure and framework for an educational program. Traditionally, design programs utilize a curriculum that includes core (foundational) courses and more specialized or design/medium-specific courses. Over time, many programs adjust course curriculum in response to industry needs, new technology, or new design paradigms. Sometimes this means creating a new course or even a sister program, but sometimes change occurs slowly and in small increments through established curriculum. Long-standing or founding department members often feel frustration when negotiating changes in curriculum. Many feel that teaching techniques and subject material have worked well over the years, and question why change might be needed. In terms of integrating sustainability into curricula, some faculty may believe that integrating economic and social responsibility will water down design curriculum. There is even greater fear that personal understanding or expertise in sustainability issues is weak. Addressing issues around environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability continues to be considered an optional consideration. Sustainability and core design education (history, theory, practice) are not mutually exclusive. In fact, integrating sustainability in design curriculum should be a natural expansion because design thinking and sustainability thinking share the same perspectives: Experienced based models Systems thinking Students as initiators Open source perspectives Collaborative methods Measurable outcomes Incentive-based goals Interdisciplinary perspectives

Mindsets
Respect your departments culture
Work within department tradition to restructure and to rethink Respect the work that preceded you. Sensitivity to the past will provide a deeper understanding of your departments history, and give insight into its current biases. Keep your intentions transparent and your conversations open so that you may empathize with concerns from others, and gain the most support possible.

Save the world, kill your program

Build for evolution, not perfection Look ahead to see how you can best integrate sustainability into your program, knowing that design thinking has changed and will change again. Be mindful with processes so that those teaching in the future can avail of a flexible and emergent structure to build new approaches to future design and sustainability challenges.

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How can we update existing design programs?

Interdisciplinary and multi-generational

Build a diverse framework When faculty feels they lack knowledge or expertise in areas outside of traditional design, an interdisciplinary or multigenerational arrangement can enable learning and comfort in teaching and sharing new territories with students. Additionally, encouraging many stakeholders to participate democratically can uncover innovative ideas that may not surface when teaching in a disciplinespecific tunnel.

1 degree of change
Its not really that different than what you already have Changes needed to fully integrate sustainability into the DNA of a course or program are often just 1 degree from the existing curriculum. For instance, the sustainability version of real-world experience model may just be as simple as creating new partnerships with nonprofits, social/environmental justice groups, and community service groups.

Think big, think small Strength in numbers

Tap into the student change agents When making changes to legacy curriculum and in building new programs, collaborate and co-generate with students. Students possess power and influence in academic institutions. Empower them! Invite students to planning meetings, engage them in research, and ask for their help in executing curricular changes. Insist on scalable models Design curriculum so that faculty may teach anything between a sustainable design exercise to a full blown sustainability focused course. Not only does this support academic freedom, but also it enables faculty to choose their level of comfort and to become stronger stakeholders.

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How can we turn abstract ideas into concrete actions?

Theory provides a foundation upon which a collection of shared and divergent ideas can be explored. It is a valuable analytical tool for understanding and explaining sustainable design. Additionally, theory helps to create a commonly referenced set of principles that informs the actions one might take to balance complex environmental, social, economic, and cultural issues. Unfortunately, theory in the sustainability space is considered abstract and removed. In order to be meaningful, theory must be connected to action. Without that connection, theory exists merely for its own sake and becomes purely academic. Theory is often taught through close reading, and analysis emerges through class discussion. Readings are supported with brief summaries or visual diagrams, helping to clarify materials whose meaning is sometimes abstract and difficult to grasp. While these methods advance the accessibility of theoretical constructs, case studies and personal action accelerate the assimilation of the principles of particular theories. Furthermore, a continuous reference to theoretical constructs throughout the design process helps make theory an active critical lens and benchmark against which to measure achievement.

Mindsets
Question authority
Interpretations are debatable Theory must be understood and taught as a living and changing framework, rather than as a set of prescriptive codes. Students must be free to openly challenge and debate existing theories. In a nonthreatening environment, students can feel free to experiment with new ideas. They are free to question, and to ask for clarification and help. Continuous and varied feedback applied throughout the design process can help students to gain the self-confidence needed to formulate their own point of view, building on the theoretical foundation. Reflection is crucial for developing the insights that guide future actions and generate new concepts.

Mix & match

Embrace theory from other disciplines Sustainable design deals with complex issues. This complexity requires knowledge, methods, and theories drawn from multiple disciplines. Theory must move out of its discipline-specific silo and into a dialectic exchange among a diverse group of stakeholders. Interdisciplinary work not only provides participants with a broader range of approaches, but it enables them to modify their respective approaches to form new methods.

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How can we turn abstract ideas into concrete actions?

Big-picture thinking
Systems design can avoid a slippery slope Infuse systems thinking into the iterative process. Sustainable design addresses problems that are not only complex, but also contradictory with elusive and changing requirements. Understanding and actively registering the context in which objects, services, artifacts, and people interact promotes empathy and more well-developed perspectives. Systems are based on collaboration, reciprocity, and a primary concern for the community. Students learn the art of concession and compromise, in order to work collectively towards a shared goal. Their active involvement in the design process creates an emotional connection, which in turn produces a greater investment in the process. As new ideas emerge, new patterns of behavior develop which can lead to change and the development of new theories.

Its the system, stupid

Articulating connections across projects and disciplines Systems are made up of elements, interconnections, and purpose. Good design considers each of these parts on multiple levels and scales. By being project-centered, rather than topic- or discipline-centered, we enable a more natural entry point into systems thinking. Theme-based classes that are concurrently or sequentially interdisciplinary can help structure a systems design pedagogy.

Theory-o-meter
Theory as a unit of measurement Theory can be a qualitative evaluation tool to validate an idea or action. Locating and tracing the strands of theory throughout the design process can provide a means for assessment and accountability. In order to do this, the basic principles of a theoretical framework need to be clearly understood (if not necessarily agreed upon) early on in the design process. Then theory can become a tool, rather than an abstract set of constraints and rules.

Aspiration to action
Adding a tangible context to theory Process or project-oriented learning such as contests or competitions can also help students to connect theory with action. Experiential learning can help students and practitioners to understand the role of theory in planning, evaluating, and taking action. Make theory visible in the real world by encouraging students to incorporate narrative structures like stories and scenarios into their critical/reflective feedback and in their applied work. Use theory to inspire opportunity.

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How can we help students work in more meaningful ways?

Traditional educational methodology would structure student assignments to be carried out in studio, by the student as a sole practitioner, with the oversight of a professor or critic. The new paradigm fully integrates the diverse ecology of principles of sustainable thinking and goes beyond this to employ a co- generative, experiential, and cross-disciplinary approach. Co-generative Design work should be co-generated amongst stakeholders at all levels: students, faculty, administration, the school community, end-users, and the design community. Experiential Where in the past design courses protect their traditional classroom boundaries, the next generation of design education welcomes the disturbances from external forces. Classroom walls must become permeable, and design challenges must engage real-world systems. The doing in design must encompass a broader field of interaction, and collaboration must be a fundamental attribute of any meaningful design challenge. Cross-disciplinary Collaboration that occurs across disciplines must no longer be an exception to the rule as much as a core component of a new design pedagogy. Designers do not need to master the other disciplines materials as a practitioner of that discipline would, but instead apply that disciplines knowledge to their own design work. An interdisciplinary experience shifts the entire curricular structure toward deeper and more meaningful learning opportunities.

Mindsets
You are responsible for the consequences
Considering intention and ethics As part of the design process, challenge students to consider and articulate various potential consequences of their work, including an ethical analysis of the designers intentions and the designs consequences. Ignite subjective passions amongst students through meaningful interactions with broader ethical considerations in lectures and reading assignments.

Stop and think

Supporting the critical role of reflection in gathering new insight Reflection provides context for new insights and future actions. Ongoing introspection and discussion leads to richer critique where cultural, social, and aesthetic assumptions are challenged. By embracing a methodology of deep, critical reflection to cycle throughout the design process, designers will cultivate an ability to create holistic thinking and interventions.

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How can we help students work in more meaningful ways?

Challenge assumptions
Encouraging active engagement through design iterations Active engagement relies on needssolving rather than problem-finding. Needs are supported by primary research, field research, and empathic interactions with real people, rather than depending on what students or faculty perceive as needs. These opportunities for gathering new insights have deep and variant feedback loops, which should be duly recorded, acknowledged, and incorporated into design iterations. The iterative and responsive quality of the design process stimulates ongoing exchanges between stakeholders, and encourages co-creation at all levels. This mindset requires that projects be adaptable to real world dynamics in structure, processes, and assessments.

Owning the learning

Empowering leadership through fluid authority Empower students to partake as cocreators of the process (peer critique, community engagement, defining metrics for success). Those students have a stronger sense of ownership, resulting in a personal connection to the work. As part of the co-creation, encourage studentcentered learning processes such as peerto-peer learning, and student mentorship programs. When students engage with a project that has personal meaning, they will begin to understand, articulate, and invest in the shared experience and meaning of sustainability.

Value outcomes and process

Supporting experimentation on the foundation of process

Dont be afraid to measure

Understanding the importance of checking, instead of check-listing At the beginning of the design challenge, articulate achievable criteria for success, and be diligent about measuring project outcomes and processes. These criteria can be qualitative and quantitative. The purpose of measurement is to gather insight, not to declare success or failure.

Emphasize the importance of articulating process than merely outcomes in portfolios. Designers often begin a project with an understanding of the broader picture but through the phases of development, that context is lost. Whether intentionally (as a means of simplifying the process) or unintentionally (resorting to logical norms of problemsolving hierarchies) marginalized, those elements are often the ones that add the impact of sustainability to the design.

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How can we measure success?

Metrics to measure sustainability range from lifecycle analysis and gross national happiness, to carbon footprints and lifecycle costing. There are over 400 eco-labels in circulation that range from the architectural and product mainstays of LEED and Cradle-to-Cradle, to food certifications like Dolphin-safe and Certified Biodynamic. It would be fruitless to presume that there was a universally relevant metric for design programs to institute. And if there were, it would be near to impossible to select and administer. Instead we are championing the integration of tight feedback loops for self-reflection and evaluation as a critical part of design. We advocate that measurement is integrated into the process, not used as an external evaluator. This is a current and lively topic because traditional design education programs do not typically measure sustainability as part of student project evaluation. When it is considered, the impact of the resulting materials and/or made-objects is the focus of measurement. Additionally, surface-thinking measurement such as amount of paper used is often the depth of the evaluation, and often times attention is not given to why we need this artifact in the first place, or what the short- and long-term environmental, economic, cultural, and social impacts of the project are. In an effort to fully integrate sustainability into designeducation, measuring both the final outcome (product, service, artifact) and the design process is integral. Since the decisions made early in the design process have a greater impact than those made later, design educators must integrate tools of analysis into what they teach. Students should utilize metrics as a valuable feedback tool throughout the process, rather than solely a number to target at the end of a project.

Mindsets
Benchmarks
Keeping it real Because sustainability measurements only have meaning when comparing particular products, services, artifacts against comparable others at a certain time, benchmarking is crucial for gauging success or failure, and for establishing priorities for problem-solving.

Holistic, rather than incremental thinking

Investigate upstream and downstream. If a project uses materials that have a lower negative impact than most, but the transportation costs to import the materials have a high CO2 impact, then the higher priority would be to reduce the CO2 footprint. Similarly, students should not assume that a material sourced from a greater geographical distance is necessarily negative. This is an area of investigation, not a hard and fast set of rules.

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How can we measure success?

Aftetr shock
Measurements that push beyond today thinking Aim not just to minimize negative impact, but instead to create positive outcomes. Less bad is not enough. By measuring a projects ability to create positive ripples throughout the rest of the system, students can find inspiration for nuanced and innovative design.

Interdisciplinary Forays
Ask not what your discipline can do for you. Require students to take classes that expose them to other disciplines, the outside community, perhaps even companies and/or other educational institutions that represent different expertise. The goal is not for the student to master the other disciplines material (as a practitioner of that discipline would). Instead, evaluate these interdisciplinary forays by observing how the student applies that disciplines knowledge to their own design work in their core classes, and shares that information and insight within their community.

Measuring is creative
Measuring can offer design opportunities Measuring quantitative and qualitative data can lead to design explorations in data visualizations, interactive, and real-time measuring displays, and 3-dimensional objects that transform complex data into understandable narratives. Strive to present measurements with appropriate interfaces, design, or storytelling, in an appropriate context and at an appropriate time.

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Methodology
On October 23 and 24, 2009, the Designers Accord convened 100 progressive individuals from academic and professional institutions all over the world, for two days of highly participatory discussion, planning, and action around the topic of design education and sustainability. While the group was predominantly U.S.-based, there were representatives from the UK, Sweden, Mexico, Columbia, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, and Australia. This group of thought-leaders, design educators, and experts discussed, challenged, and conceived of a new path for undergraduate and graduate design programs to integrate sustainability. We tackled topics ranging from creating curricula and writing grants, to communicating to trustees and motivating students. These topics were culled from pre-Summit meetings and brainstorm sessions, and were refined as specific questions that a group could tackle together in this workshop format. The main activity during the Summit was smallgroup brainstorming focused around the topics. In addition, we had eight guest speakers sharing their perspectives how designers can influence and impact social and environmental issues. We also built in time to socialize and network, and held an open exhibition to share projects and perspectives.

The workshop consisted of a highly choreographed series of small group brainstorm sessions focused on the eight prevailing topics of interest to this community.

What is our common language? Create a shared definition of terms / best ways to communicate about sustainability How can we communicate best? Best practices for communicating with and aligning stakeholders within your department and school Designing the core sustainability curriculum Understanding the landscape and drawing out the best Transitioning legacy department curricula Methods for initiating new programs, courses around sustainability What constitutes a meaningful design challenge? Structuring and enabling the ideal student projects and assignments Connecting the theory with action Methods for better effectiveness in the classroom, and ultimately in design practice Measurements of success Marking progress, maintain momentum, setting up appropriate goals Whats next? Creating a shared point of view about the future of design education, in the context of how design is used to solve broader challenges, in different kinds of collaborations

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Methodology
The 100 attendees were distributed into 8 different groups on each day for the workshop portion of the programming. Four sessions were held on each of the days. The groups were balanced by considering a number of factors, including: discipline, type of design program, undergraduate/graduate, professional/ activist/student, region, country, teaching experience. Each person had the chance to work on each topic, from a different perspective. This relay model used multiple lenses to structure each brainstorm session. The function of the lens was to articulate the specific goal of each brainstorm session, and create a boundary around it so that the session would be more productive. Each breakout session used one lens, and each session built on the output of the previous one. At the start of each session, the group facilitator and note taker would provide a 2-3 minute summary of the point of view built in the previous session. At the end of each session, the group as a whole would decide on 2-4 point summary of their work to be passed onto the next group. This framework was designed to iteratively develop a tangible and actionable outputsummarizing real-time.

The Lenses were used in this order, and were designed to mimic the convergent and divergent pattern of a design process.

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Methodology
On each persons Summit name badge, his or her group assignments were listed.

Each person received a matrix for each day that mapped groups to certain topics at different times.

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Methodology
While groups moved to different topics in different orders, the lenses remained consistent and linear. In other words, each group used the same lens to work through a different topic each rotation.

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Methodology
Each Topic was mapped to a consistent physical location within the Autodesk Gallery. All notes, illustrations, post-its remained in the space and were built upon over the course of the 2-day workshop.

At the conclusion of the Summit, each group facilitator and note taker reviewed their accumulated notes, and edited them into 5-10 page summaries.

Those summaries were synthesized into a common format, clarified and further developed, and reviewed by a small editorial team. This website represents the collective perspective of those in attendance at the Summit.

A Designers Accord Project Please visit edutoolkit.designersaccord.org to find examples of real-world activities

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