CHAPTER 6: STATISTICS III

6.1 Understand the concept of class interval The important concepts:

1. Data obtained from the measurement of certain quantities can be grouped and arranged
into several classes. The range of each class is called the class interval. Complete the following class interval. Example: Class interval 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 Class interval 04 Class interval 20 21 Exercise 8.1.1: Complete the tables below. (a) (b) (c) Class interval 31 40

Example: (a) Class interval 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.5 (b) Class interval 0.60 0.65 (c)

Exercise 8.1.2: Class interval 0.4 0.8

Class interval 2.0 2.9

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2. The lower limit is the lowest value, whereas the upper limit is the highest value of the
class interval. Example: Class interval of 1 5 Lower limit = 1 Upper limit = 5

3. Lower boundary of a class interval 1 = (lower limit of the class interval + upper limit of the class interval before it) 2
Example: Class interval of 1 5 Lower boundary =

1+ 0 = 0.5 2

4. Upper boundary of a class interval 1 = (upper limit of the class interval + lower limit of the next class interval) 2
Example: Class interval of 1 5 Upper boundary =

5+6 = 5.5 2

5. Size of class interval = (Upper boundary Lower boundary )

Example: Size of class interval of 1 5 = 5.5 0.5 =5 Example: Complete the following tables. Class interval 41 60 61 80 81 100 101 120 Lower limit 41 61 81 101 Upper limit 60 80 100 120 Lower boundary 40.5 60.5 80.5 100.5 Upper boundary 60.5 80.5 100.5 120.5 Size of class interval 20 20 20 20

Class interval 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.3

Lower limit 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9

Upper limit 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.3

Lower boundary 0.35 0.85 1.35 1.85

Upper boundary 0.85 1.35 1.85 2.35

Size of class interval 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

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Exercise 6.1.3: Complete the following tables. Class interval 39 10 16 17 23 24 30 a) Lower limit Upper limit Lower boundary Upper boundary Size of class interval

Class interval 48 9 13 14 18 19 23

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower boundary

Upper boundary

Size of class interval

b)

c) Class interval 10 16 17 23 24 30 31 37 Lower limit Upper limit Lower boundary Upper boundary Size of class interval

d) Class interval 1.0 4.9

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Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower boundary

Upper boundary

Size of class interval

5.0 8.9 9.0 12.9 13.0 16.9 e) Class interval 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.9 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.9 Example: In a Mathematics test, the marks scored by 40 students from Form 4 Beta are as follows: 78 75 86 85 98 57 89 80 62 87 95 94 54 45 90 93 73 97 76 91 68 78 67 73 82 67 55 75 89 63 45 83 49 56 61 67 80 78 58 40 Lower limit Upper limit Lower boundary Upper boundary Size of class interval

Given the number of classes required is 6, determine the class interval. Solution: The highest value = 98 The lowest value = 40 The range = 98 40 = 58 The size of class interval =
Range = the highest value of the data the lowest value of the data

58 10 6 The suggested class interval table is shown below: Mark scored Exercise 6.1.4: 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -79 80 - 89 90 - 99

a) The collections of donations for the Tsunami victims from 30 classes in SMK Sri Ahmad
are as follows. 56 92 78 93 9 0 8 5 55 83 67 93 89 82 62 94 78 93 74 54 53 81 84 92 58 63 91 45 86 78 73 67

(i) (ii)
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Given the number of classes required is 5, determine the class interval. Given the number of classes required is 8, determine the class interval.
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b) The following are the number of coconuts collected by a farmer in June. 47 45 68 53 63 58 60 43 61 65 51 51 56 47 54 50 57 66 62 65 58 54 50 52 40 60 44 53 56 42

Determine the class interval, given the number of classes required is 6.

Example: Construct a frequency table for the following set of data. 56 28 44 33 29 50 48 34 36 47

Solution : Frequency 5 7 Do not obtain the frequency 4 counting the by number of5 data in the given table. Use the tally 3 marks. 24

37 32 Class interval 43 38 32 31 27 33 38 35 51 44 46 39 45 50 51 56 Total

40 27 Tally Marks 44 42 52 36

Exercise 6.1.5: Construct frequency tables for the following sets of data. (a) 100 104 130 129 115 116 130 126 119 101 117 126 105 103 118 111 107 125 115 129 105 108 125 109 125 104 114 129 128 116

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(b)

315 349 309

345 336 333

350 333 316

307 326 348

308 319 303

315 342 316

340 322 341

330 328 327

327 317 338

318 341 304

(c) 1.03 2.04 1.98 Class interval 2.03 100 105 1.56 1.47 1.21 1.99 1.31 2.02 Total 1.62 2.01 1.67 1.84 Tally Marks 1.80 1.75 1.34 1.73 1.86 1.92 30 Frequency

Solution: (a)

(b) Class interval 300 309 Tally Marks Frequency

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Total (c) Class interval 1.00 1.14 Tally Marks Frequency

Total

6.2 Understand and use the concept of mode and mean of grouped data 1. Modal class is the class with the highest frequency. Midpoint of class = Mean =

2. 3.

1 ( Lower class limit + Upper class limit ) 2

Example:

Sum of the values of (midpoint frequency) of all the classes Sum of frequencies of all the classes fx or x = Note that midpoints f
are also known as class marks.

Find the modal class and the midpoint in the following tables. Class interval 20 23 24 27 28 31 32 35 36 39 40 43 44 47 Modal class is 32 35 Exercise 6.2.1: Find the modal class and the midpoints in the following tables. (a)
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Frequency 2 5 7 9 8 6 3

Midpoint 21.5 25.5 29.5 33.5 37.5 41.5 45.5

Class interval 17 21 22 26 27 31 32 36 37 41 42 46 47 51 Modal class is _____________ (b) Class interval 10.5 10.9 11.0 11.4 11.5 11.9 12.0 12.4 12.5 12.9 Modal class is _____________ (c ) Class interval 121 124 125 128 129 132 133 136 137 140 Modal class is _____________

Frequency 0 2 10 15 16 3 1

Midpoint

Frequency 12 15 17 20 13

Midpoint

Frequency 20 35 33 28 18

Midpoint

Example: Calculate the mean from the frequency table below. Class interval 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 Mean = Frequency 5 7 9 10 Midpoint 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5

(4.5 5) + (14.5 7) + (24.5 9) + (34.5 10) 5 + 7 + 9 + 10 689.5 = 31 = 22 .2

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Exercise 6.2.2: Calculate the means from the frequency tables below. a) Class interval 12 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 Mean = = = (b) Class interval 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.2 8. 3 8.6 Mean = = = c) Class interval 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 Mean = =
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Frequency 4 6 7 3

Midpoint 13.5

Frequency 10 20 20 5

Midpoint 7.025

Frequency 5 8 9 10 4

Midpoint 47 52

6.3 Represent and interpret data in histograms with class intervals of the same size to solve
problems

i. ii. iii.

Draw a histogram based on the frequency table. Interpret information from the given histogram. Solve problems involving the histogram.

Examples: 1. Draw a histogram for each of the following frequency tables. a) Length (cm) 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 Frequency 4 8 6 8 5 7

b) Length (cm) 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79
frequency

Frequency 5 15 20 25 30 10

2. The histogram shows the results of an

objective test in a certain examination.

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5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5

marks

b)

Frequency

Answer a)
Frequency

19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5

Length (cm)

2.

a) Modal class = 16 20 (with the highest frequency.) b) Total number of students = 15 + 30 + 55 + 40 + 50 + 30 + 15 = 235. c) Number of students who passed the test = 40 + 50 + 30 + 15 = 135.

Length (cm)

a) State the modal class. b) How many students took this test? c) If the passing mark is 20, how many students passed the test? d) State the two class intervals that have the same frequency. d) The two class intervals are: 11 15 and 31 35, or 6 10 and 36 40.

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Exercise 6.3: 1. The histogram shows the number of books read by students in SMK Putra in a year.
Frequency

9.5 59.5

19.5 69.5

29.5 39.5 49.5 Number of books read

a) State the modal class.

b) Students who read more than 50 books received an award. Find the number of students who received the award. c) Find the mean number of books read by each student. 6.3 Represent and interpret data in frequency polygons to solve problems. i. Draw a frequency polygon based on a. a histogram. b. a frequency table. ii Interpret information from a given frequency polygon. iii Solving problems involving frequency polygons. Examples 1. Draw a frequency polygon based on the given histogram. Length 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 Midpoint 12 17 22 27 32 Frequency 4 6 12 8 2
Frequency Frequen cy

9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 Length Histogram (cm)

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7 12 17 22 27 Length 32 37 Midpoint (cm)

Frequency Polygon

2. Draw a frequency polygon for the given frequency table. Length(cm) Frequency Answer: Length (cm) Frequency Midpoint 5-7 0 6 8-10 16 9 11-13 20 12 14-16 8 15 17-19 12 18 20-22 16 21 23-25 0 24 8-10 16 11-13 20 14-16 8 17-19 12 20-22 16

Frequency

Length (cm) Exercise 6.4: Frequency 1. The frequency polygon shows the ages of the members of a club. Find the (a) total number of members in this club. (b) the modal class. (c) the mean age. (d) the percentage of the members who are above 23 years old.

Age
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6.3 Understand the concept of cumulative frequency The Cumulative Frequency is the sum of the frequencies of all the values of data or class intervals before it. Example: Construct the cumulative frequency table for the following data: Length (cm) 26 7 11 12 16 17 21 Solution: Length (cm) 26 7 11 12 16 17 21 Exercise 6.5: 1. a) Time (min) 8 11 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 b) Weight (kg) 12 34 56 78 Frequency 10 15 8 6 Frequency 2 4 8 10 12 Construct the cumulative frequency tables for the following: Frequency 6 10 15 4 Cumulative frequency 6 6 + 10 = 16 6 + 10 + 15 = 21 6 + 10 + 15 + 4 = 25 Frequency 6 10 15 4

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6.3 Understand and use the concept of measures of dispersion to solve problems.
The important concepts are :

a) Range
(i) Range of the ungrouped data is the measure of dispersion which refers to the difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the data. (ii) Range for the grouped data is the measure of dispersion which refers to the difference between the midpoint of the last class and the midpoint of the first class. b) Median Median of a set of data is the value in the middle of the set after the data has been arranged in numerical ascending/descending order.

c) First Quartile (Q1)

First quartile is the value of data such that one-quarter of the set of data have values less than or equal to it.

d) Third Quartile
Third quartile is the value of data such that three-quarter of the set of data have values less than or equal to it.

e) Inter-quartile Range
Inter-quartile range is the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile. Example: 1. Find the range of the following sets of data. 12, 14, 15, 13, 18, 17, 10 Solution: Range = 18 - 10 =8 2. Determine the range of the following sets of data. Marks scored Frequency 40 - 49 4 50 -59 5 60 - 69 7 70 -79 10

Solution: Range = 74.5 - 44.5 = 30

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3.

A physical education teacher has recorded the time taken by 40 students for the 400 m event during a sports practice. Time (seconds) 50 - 64 65 - 79 80 - 94 95 - 109 110 - 124 7 2

No. of students 3 10 18 Construct a cumulative frequency table and draw an ogive. Solution: Time (seconds) 35 - 49 50 - 64 65 - 79 80 - 94 95 - 109 110 - 124 Frequency 0 3 10 18 7 2 Cumulative frequency 0 3 13 31 38 40 Upper Boundary 49.5 64.5 79.5 94.5 109.5 124.5

An ogive is also known as a cumulative frequency curve

4. From the ogive, determine a) the median, b) the first quartile, c) the third quartile, d) the inter-quartile range.

Solution:

a) The median occurs at ( of the total number of students) i.e. at ( x 40) students
The median occurs at the 20th student. Median = 85.5 (read from the ogive)

b) The First Quartile occurs at ( of the total number of students) i.e. at ( x 40) students
The First Quartile occurs at the 10th student. First Quartile = 76.5 (read from the graph)

c) The Third Quartile occurs at ( of the total number of students) i.e. at ( x 40) students
The Third Quartile occurs at the 30th student. Third quartile = 93 (read from the graph)

d) The interquartile range = third quartile first quartile

= 93 - 76.5 = 16.5
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Exercise 6.6: 1. The data in the table shows the heights of a group of students in cm. 155 176 160 171 181 173 165 176 174 172 167 153 167 179 164 173 169 175 169 157 166 162 174 155 168 166 160 156 171 171 174 151 172 157 169 178 163 164 179 154

a) Construct a cumulative frequency table beginning with 145 149. b) By using 2 cm to 5 cm on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y- axis, plot an ogive.
c) From the ogive , determine i) the median ii) the interquartile range

2. The data below shows the duration, in minutes, taken to solve mathematical problems by
a group of 35 college students. 30 12 4 20 8 3 10 10 12 15 9 14 13 5 4 10 24 8 5 20 25 15 20 30 18 20 12 13 19 24 16 17 18 20 25

a) Construct a cumulative frequency table using 1 5, 6 10 and. b) Plot an ogive using 2 cm to 5 minutes on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y-axis. c) State the (i) median, (ii) interquartile range.

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6.7 Questions Based on the Examinations Format

STATISTICS Paper 2 1. The data above shows the pocket money, in RM, per week of a group of 40 students.

10 18 4 8 19

13 16 14 10 15

18 18 12 16 17

7 10 6 11 12

19 15 9 13 14

5 19 20 17 11

21 20 20 9 16

21 8 15 11 17

(a) Based on the data, complete the table below. Pocket money (RM) 13 46 Frequency 0 Midpoint

(b) Based on the table, (i) state the modal class, (ii) calculate the mean, of the data. (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to RM 3 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 student on the y-axis, draw a histogram and a frequency polygon on the same graph paper.

2.

(a)

Score Frequency

10 4

11 7

12 3

13 x

14 5

15 8

The table above shows the scores of a group of players in the game. (i) Given the median is 12.5, find the value of x. (ii) Given the mode is 15, find the maximum value of x.

(b) 49 53 48 57 64 45 50 63 64 65 47 61 62 60 47 66 65 45 52 46 66 67 61 58 52 62 63 67 46 50 68 68 56 59 54 43 65 43 41 42 46 44 44 43 60

The data shows the mass, in kg, of a group of students.

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(i)

Based on the data, complete the frequency table below. Mass (kg) 41 44 Frequency

65 68 (ii) For this part of question, use the graph paper. (a) (b) By using a scale of 2 cm to 4 kg on the x-axis and 2cm to 1 student on the y-axis, draw a histogram for the data. State one information obtained from the histogram.

4. The histogram shows the donations from a group of 40 students to a school fund.
14 12 10

Frequency

8 6 4 2 0

0.5 0.5 4.54.5 32.5

8.5 8.5

12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5 28.5 20.5 24.5 12.5 16.5

Donation (RM)

(a) (b)

Based on the histogram, state the modal class of the data. Complete the frequency table below. Frequency 0 2 Cumulative frequency Upper boundary

Donation (RM) 0 14

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(c)

For this part of question, use a graph paper. (i) (ii) By using a scale of 2 cm to RM4 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. From the ogive, find the inter quartile range.

5. The ogive shows the scores of a group of 48 students in a Mathematics test.

60

50

Cumulative frequency

40

30

20

10

0 64.5

69.5

74.5

79.5

84.5

89.5

94.5

99.5

Score

(a) Based on the ogive, calculate the percentage of students who scored more than 80. (b) Complete the table below. Score 60 64 65 69 Cumulative frequency 0 Frequency Midpoint

(c) Calculate the mean of the data. (d) For this part of question, use the graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 scores on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 students on the yaxis, draw a frequency polygon for the data.
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6. The frequency table above shows the masses, in kg, of watermelons in a lorry. Mass (kg) 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.4 (a) From the table, state (i) the size of the class interval, (ii) the midpoint of the modal class. (b) (i) Based on the information, complete the table below. 1.45 0 5.45 200 Frequency 4 10 26 84 50 15 8 3

Upper boundary Cumulative Frequency (ii) (iii)

For this part of question, use a graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 0.5 kg on the x-axis and 2cm to 20 watermelons on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. From the ogive, a) state the median of the data, b) find the number of watermelons with the weight less than 3.8 kg.

7. The cumulative frequency table shows the marks of a group of 40 students in a test.
Mark Cumulative frequency 60 64 7 65 69 11 70 74 17 75 79 26 80 84 34 85 89 37 90 94 40

(a) Based on the information, complete the table in the answer corner. (b) Find (i) the size of the class interval, (ii) the modal class of the data, (iii) the midpoint of the modal class. Calculate the mean of the data. For this part of question, use the graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 marks on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 student on the y-xis, draw a histogram for the data.
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(c) (d)

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8. The data shows the marks of a group of 40 students in a Mathematics test.

71 33 53 83 42
(a)

20 61 66 29 69

44 52 72 55 43

48 21 38 46 44

47 36 45 59 58

37 31 49 63 78

70 55 50 60 40

56 56 50 48 38

Using the data and a class interval of 10 marks, complete the table below. Mark 1 10 Frequency Cumulative frequency Upper boundary

81 - 90 (b) For this part of question, use a graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 marks on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. (c) From your ogive, (i) find the interquartile range, (ii) find the median, hence, explain briefly the meaning of the median.

9. The data shows the ages of a group of 40 workers in a factory.

38 36 26 31 40 (a) (b) 41 51 31 27 35 32 31 22 46 25 39 27 36 41 27 32 44 32 35 50 50 30 33 35 37 31 49 34 34 33 38 28 43 31 45

Find the range of the data. Based on the data and by using a class interval of 5 years, complete the table below.

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Ages (years) 21 25 26 30

Frequency

Midpoint

(c)

From the table, (i) state the modal class, (ii) calculate the mean, of the data. For this part of question, use a graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 years on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 workers on the y-axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data.

(d)

10. The frequency polygon shows the daily incomes, in RM, of 28 workers.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 18 23 28 33 38 43 48

Frequency

Daily income

(a)

Based on the frequency polygon, complete the table below. Daily income (RM) 16 20 Midpoint 18 Upper boundary 20.5 Frequency 0 Cumulative frequency 0

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(b)

Based on the table, (i) state the modal class, (ii) calculate the mean, of the data.

(c)

For this part of question, use a graph paper. (i) By using a scale 2 cm to RM5 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 4 workers on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. From the ogive, find the number of workers whose daily income is more than RM38.

(iii)

6.8 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS 1. SPM Nov 2003 The data below shows the donations, in RM, of 40 families to their childrens school welfare fund. 40 23 27 30 20 (a) 24 28 35 34 32 17 33 45 31 29 30 33 21 37 26 22 39 38 40 32 26 34 22 32 22 35 39 27 14 38 19 28 35 28 44

Using the data above and a class interval of RM5, complete the following table. [4 marks] Donation (RM) Frequency Cumulative Frequency 11 15 16 20

(b)

(c)

For this part of question, use a graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 families on the y-axis, draw an ogive based on the data. [6 marks] From your ogive in (b), (i) find the third quartile, (ii) hence, explain briefly the meaning of the third quartile. [2 marks]
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2. SPM July 2004 The data in Diagram 7 shows the number of durian trees planted by 44 farmers. 52 66 25 43 33 54 68 58 48 66 48 36 22 53 63 72 34 53 62 68 42 34 43 54 57 46 52 62 51 52 56 40 51 65 59 73 65 75 49 38 41 52 58 63

Diagram 7 (a) (i) Based on the data in Diagram 7 and by using a class interval of 10, complete Table 3 provided in the answer space. (ii) Hence, state the modal class. Answer : Class Interval 11 20 21 30 Upper Boundary 20.5 Frequency 0 Cumulative Frequency 0 [6marks]

(b) For this part of the question, use the graph paper on page 41 . By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 trees on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 farmers on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. [4marks] (c) Based on the ogive in (b), Ahmad concludes that 50% of the farmers planted less than 52 durian trees. Determine whether the conclusion is correct or not and give a reason. [2marks] 3. SPM Nov 2004 The data below shows the masses, in kg, of suitcases for a group of tourists. Each tourist has one suitcase. 27 29 27 29
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10 18 25 19

22 22 16 33

28 13 19 25

21 20 16 23
25

14 21 24 24

29 24 26 26

25 27 27 31

(a)

Based on the data above and by using a class interval of 3, complete the table below. [4 marks] Class Interval 10 12 13 15 Frequency Midpoint

(b) (c)

Based on the table in (a), calculate the estimated mean mass of the suitcases. [3 marks] For this part of the question, use a graph paper. By using a scale of 2 cm to 3 kg on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 suitcase on the y-axis, draw the histogram for the data. [3 marks] State one information obtained based on the histogram in (c). [2 marks]

(d)

4. SPM July 2005 Diagram 9 is a frequency polygon which represents the heights, in cm, for a group of 80 pupils.
30 25 Number of Pupils 20 15 10 5 0 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 Height (in cm)

Diagram 9

(a) (i) Based on the information from the frequency polygon, complete Table 2 in the
answer space. (iv) Hence, calculate the mean height, in cm, of the pupils. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
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[6 marks]

Answer: Height (in cm) 118 122 123 127 128 132 133 137 138 142 143 147 curve rule. By using a scale of 2 cm to a height of 5 cm on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10 pupils on the vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data. [5 marks] Upper Boundary 122.5 Midpoint 120 Frequency 2 Cumulative Frequency 2

(b) For this part of the question, use the graph paper on page 45. You may use a flexible

(c) Give one information that can be obtained from the ogive in (b).
[1 mark] 5. SPM Nov 2005 The data in Diagram shows the marks for an English Language monthly test for 42 pupils. 51 25 46 33 42 25 20 32 38 35 34 47 Marks 20 24 25 29 45 37 28 42 26 31 31 41 37 29 35 48 Midpoint 22 26 21 39 38 43 44 40 36 23 31 28 34 30 38 39 23 22 54 Frequency [4marks]

(a) Using data in diagram and a class interval of 5 marks, complete Table in the answer space.

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(b) Based on your table in (a), (i) state the modal class, (ii) calculate the mean mark for the English Language monthly test and give your answer correct to decimal places. [4marks] (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided . By using a scale of 2cm to 5 marks on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 pupil on the vertical axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4marks]

6. SPM July 2006 Table 3 shows the distribution of age for a group of 40 tourists who visited a museum in a particular day. Age(Year) Frequency 20 24 2 25 29 6 30 34 9 35 39 10 40 44 7 45 49 4 50 54 2

Table 3 (a) Based on the distribution of age in Table 3, complete Table 4 in the answer space. [2marks] Answer: Age (Year) 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 - 54 Midpoint 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 Upper Boundary Cumulative Frequency

Table 4 (b) Calculate the estimated mean age of the tourists. (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper . By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 years on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 5 tourists on the vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data in table 3. [5marks] (d) From your ogive constructed in (c), (i) find the first quartile, (ii) state one piece of information about the first quartile
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[3marks]

[2marks]

7. SPM Nov 2006 The data in Diagram 7 show the donations, in RM, collected by 40 pupils.

49 22 27 34 40
(b)

26 30 24 34 37

38 33 32 25 48

39 39 40 34 25

41 45 43 46 47

45 43 40 23 30

45 39 38 35 29

43 31 35 37 28

Diagram 7 Based on the data in Diagram 7 and by using a class interval of 5, complete Table 2 in the answer space. (3 marks)

Answer: Class Interval 21 25 26 30 Midpoint Frequency

Table 2 (c) (d) (d) Based on Table 2 in (a), calculate the estimated mean of the donation collected by a pupil (3 marks) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided. By using a scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 pupil on the vertical axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. (5 marks) Based on the frequency polygon in (c), state one piece of information about the donations. (1 mark)

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8. SPM Jun 2007, No 15 Diagram 8 shows the mass, in kg, of newspapers collected over the period of 40 days. 83 74 66 64 57 78 69 76 55 78 58 73 Diagram 8 Based on the data in Diagram 8, complete Table 2 in the answer space. 79 84 72 83 70 76 58 63 75 56 57 74 79 80 75 65 58 67 75 64 65 52 60 75 [4 marks] (b) Hence, calculate the estimated mean of the masses of the newspapers collected. [3 marks] (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided. By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 day on the vertical axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4 marks] (d) Based on your histogram in 15(c), give one information about the modal class of the data. [1 mark] Answer: Mass (kg) 52 56 57 61 Frequency Midpoint 85 59 73 59

9.

SPM Nov 2007, No 16

Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the mass, in kg, of a group of 80 students. Mass (kg) Frequency 30 34 5 35 39 8 40 44 11 45 49 21 50 54 22 55 59 10 60 64 3 Table 2 (a) (i) State the modal class (ii) Calculate the estimated mean of the mass of the group of students. [4 marks]
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(b) Based on Table 2, complete Table 3 in the answer space to show the cumulative frequency distribution of the masses. [3 marks] (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided. By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10 students on the vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data. [4 marks] (d) 25% of all the students in the group have a mass of less than p kg. These students will be supplied with nutritional food. Using the ogive you had drawn in 16(c), find the value of p. [1 mark] Answer: (a) (i) (ii) (b) Upper Boundary (kg) 29.5 34.5 Cumulative frequency 0

Table 3

10. SPM Jun 2008, No 14 Data in Diagram 14 shows the number of books read by 40 students in a reading programme in a particular class. 18 12 15 17 19 14 19 11 9 15 11 17 5 14 20 16 13 15 11 18 9 12 6 10 14 Diagram 14 17 21 22 15 8 12 7 24 10 12 23 14 19 13 16

(a) Based on the data in Diagram 14 and by using the class interval of 3, complete Table 14 in the answer space. [3 marks] (b) Based on Table 14 in 14(a), calculate the estimated mean of the books read by a student.
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[3 marks] (c) By using the scale of 2 cm to 3 books on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to one student on the vertical axis, draw the frequency polygon for this data. [5 marks] (d) Based on the frequency polygon in 14(c), give one information about this reading programme. [1 mark] Answer: (a) Class interval Frequency Midpoint 57 6 8 10

Table 14 (b) (c) (d) 11. SPM Nov 2008, No 14. The data below shows the payment, in RM, by 40 drivers at a toll booth. 38 32 21 24 30 34 25 42 18 23 41 32 36 26 37 25 27 30 35 48 19 42 33 47 39 32 23 37 22 34 28 18 43 38 41 42 46 25 33 27 [3 marks] (b) Based on Table 14 in 14(a), calculate the estimated mean of the toll paid by a driver. [3 marks]

(a) Based on the data, complete Table 14 in the answer space.

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
By using the scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 driver on the vertical axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. [5 marks] (d) Based on the frequency polygon in 14(c), state the number of drivers who paid more than RM34 for the toll. [1 mark]
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Answer: a) Class Interval 15 19 Midpoint 17 Frequency

b) d)

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33

ANSWERS
Chapter 6 : Statistics III Exercise 8.1.1: a)class interval 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 Exercise 8.1.2 (a) Class interval 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.71 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.83 0.84 0.89 Class interval 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.3 Class 2.4 2.8 interval 39 10 16 17 23 24 30 (b) Class interval 48 9 13 14 18 19 23 (c) Class interval 10 16 17 23 24 30 31 37
Statistics

b)class interval 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

c)class interval 20-21 22-23 24-25 26-27 28-29

(b)

(c)

Class interval 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.9 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.9

Exercise 8.1.3 : (a) Lower limit Upper limit 3 10 17 24 Lower limit 4 9 14 19 Lower limit 10 17 24 31 9 16 23 30 Upper limit 8 13 18 23 Upper limit 16 23 30 37
34

Lower boundary 2.5 9.5 16.5 23.5 Lower boundary 3.5 8.5 13.5 18.5 Lower boundary 9.5 16.5 23.5 30.5

Upper boundary 9.5 16.5 23.5 30.5 Upper boundary 8.5 13.5 18.5 23.5 Upper boundary 16.5 23.5 30.5 37.5

Size of the class interval 7 7 7 7 Size of the class interval 5 5 5 5 Size of the class interval 7 7 7 7

(d) Class interval 1.0 4.9 5.0 8.9 9.0 12.9 13.0 16.9 (e) Class interval 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.9 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.9 Exercise 8.1.4 : (a) The highest value is 94 The lowest value is 45 The range is 94 45 = 49 (i) Donations collected (ii)
Donatio ns collected (b) Number of coconut 40 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 44 -50

Lower limit 1.0 5.0 9.0 13.0 Lower limit 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Upper limit 4.9 8.9 12.9 16.9 Upper limit 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9

Lower boundary 0.95 4.95 8.95 12.95 Lower boundary 1.95 2.95 3.95 4.95

Upper boundary 4.95 8.95 12.95 16.95 Upper boundary 2.95 3.95 4.95 5.95

Size of the class interval 4 4 4 4 Size of the class interval 1 1 1 1

45 - 54
51 - 57 58 - 64

55 - 64
65 - 71

65 - 74
72 - 78

75 - 84
79 - 85 86 - 92

85 - 94
93 - 99

Exercise 8.1.5 :

(a) Class interval 100 -105 106 - 111 112 - 117 118 - 123 124 - 129 130 - 135 Total (b) Class interval 300 309 310 319 320 329 330 339 340 349 350 359 Total
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Frequency 7 4 6 2 9 2 30 Frequency 5 7 5 5 7 1 30

(c) Class interval 1.00 1.14 1.15 1.29 1.30 1.44 1.45 1.59 1.60 1.74 1.75 1.89 1.90 2.04 Total Exercise 8.2.1 : (a) Modal class : 37 41 (b) Modal class : 12.0 12.4 (c) Modal class : 125 128 Exercise 8.2.2 : Class interval 12 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 a) Mean = Frequency 4 6 7 3 Midpoint 13.5 17.5 21.5 25.5 Frequency 1 1 2 2 3 4 7 20

(13.5 4) + (17.5 6) + (21.5 7) + (25.5 3) 4+6+7+3

386 20 = 19.3 =

b) Class interval 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.2 8.3 8.6 Mean = Frequency 10 20 20 5 Midpoint 7.25 7.65 8.05 8.45

(7.25 10) + (7.65 20) + (8.05 20) + (8.45 5) 10 + 20 + 20 + 5 428.75 = 55

= 7.795

c)

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Class interval 45 - 49 50 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 Mean =

(47 5) + (52 8) + (57 9) + (62 10) + (67 4) 5 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 4 2052 36

57.0

Frequency 5 8 9 10 4

Midpoint 47 52 57 62 67

= =

Exercise 8.3: 1a) Modal class = 20 29 b) Student who received the award = 30 +20 = 50 c) Class interval Frequency Midpoints 10 19 60 14.5 20 29 120 24.5 30 39 80 34.5 40 49 100 44.5 50 59 30 54.5 60 - 69 20 64.5 Mean = (60 14.5) + (120 24.5) + (30 54.5) + (20 64.5) 60 + 120 + 80 + 100 + 30 + 20 13945 = 410 = 34.01 = 34

Exercise 8.4: 1.a) Total number of members = 4 + 16 + 36 + 24 = 80 20 + 25 b) Upper boundary = = 22.5 2 15 + 25 Lower boundary = = 17.5 2 Upper limit = 22 Lower limit = 18 Modal class = 18 22 (4 10) + (16 15) + (36 20) + ( 24 25) c) mean age = 80 = 20 d) percentage of members who are above 23 years old =
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24 100 80

= 30% Exercise 8.5: 1 a) 2, 6, 14, 24, 36, 40 b) 10, 25, 33, 39 Exercise 8.6: 1 a) Height (cm) 145 - 149 150 - 154 155 - 159 160 - 164 165 - 169 170 - 174 175 - 179 180 - 184 frequency 0 3 5 6 9 10 6 1 Upper boundary 149.5 154.5 159.5 164.5 169.5 174.5 179.5 184.5 Cumulative frequency 0 3 8 14 23 33 39 40

c 2 a)

i) ii)

median = 168 interquartile range = 173 161.5 = 11.5 Duration (mm) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 frequency 5 6 8 10 4 2
38

Upper boundary 5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5

Cumulative frequency 5 11 19 29 33 35

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i) median = 15 ii} interquartile range = 19.25 8.5 = 10.75

8.7 Examination Format Questions 2. (a) Pocket money(RM) 13 46 79 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 Frequency 0 3 5 8 7 9 8 Midpoint 2 5 8 11 14 17 20

(b) (i) Modal class = 16 18 (5 3) + (8 5) + (11 8) + (14 7) + (17 9) + ( 20 8) (ii) Mean = 0+ 3+5+8+ 7+ 9+8 = 554 40

= RM 13.85 (iii)

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10 9 8 7

Frequency

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3.5 3.5 6.5 12.5 6.5 9.5 9.5 15.5 18.515.5 21.5 12.5 Pocket m oney

3. (a) (i)

x = ( 4+ 7 +3 ) ( 5 + 8 ) = 14 13 = 1 (ii) Maximum value of x = 7

(b) (i)
Mass (kg) 41 44 45 48 49 52 53 56 57 60 61 64 65 68 (ii)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 40.5 44.5 48.8 52.5 56.5 60.5 64.5 68.5 Mass(kg)
44 .5 52 .5 60 .5 68 .5

Frequency 7 8 5 3 5 8 9

(iii) The modal class of the data is 65 68 kg.

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Frequency

40

4. (a) Modal class = 9 12 (b) Donation (RM) 0 14 58 9 12 13 16 17 20 21 24 25 28 (c) (i)

40 35 Cumulative frequency 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.5 4.5 8.5 9. 12.5 16.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5 First Third quartile

Frequency 0 2 5 12 8 5 3 1

Cumulative frequency 0 2 7 19 27 32 35 36

Upper boundary 0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5

Donation (RM)

(ii) Interquartile range = 16.5 9.3 = RM 7.20

5. (a) The percentage of students who scored more than 80 48 19 = x 100% 48 29 = x 100% 48 = 60.42 %

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(b) Score 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 89 90 94 95 99 (c) Mean = Cumulative frequency 0 2 7 17 34 43 47 48 Frequency 0 2 5 10 17 9 4 1 Midpoint 62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97

(67 2) + (72 5) + (77 10) + (82 17) + (87 9) + (92 4) + (97 1) 0 + 2 + 5 + 10 + 17 + 9 + 4 + 1 3906 = 48 = 81.375

(d)
18 16 14 12

Frequency

10 8 6 4 2 0 62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97 102

Score

6. (a) (i) Size of class interval (ii) Modal class

= 1.95 1.45 = 0.5 kg = 3.0 3.4

Midpoint of the modal class =

3.0 + 3.4 2

= 3.2

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(b) (i) Upper boundary 1.45 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95 4.45 4.95 5.45 (ii)
220 200 180 164 160 Cummulative frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1.45 3.40 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 Median

Cumulative frequency 0 4 14 40 124 174 189 197 200

3.95

4.45

4.95

5.45

Mass (kg)

(iii) (a) Median = 3.40 kg (b) The number of watermelons with the weight less than 3.8 kg = 200 164 = 36.

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7. (a) Cumulative frequency 55 59 0 60 64 7 65 69 11 70 74 17 75 79 26 80 84 34 85 89 37 90 - 94 40 (b) (i) Size of class interval = 59.5 54.5 = 5 marks (ii) Modal class = 75 79 (iii) Midpoint of the modal class Mark Frequency 0 7 4 6 9 8 3 3 Midpoint 57 62 67 72 77 82 87 92

75 + 79 2 = 77 (62 7) + (67 4) + (72 6) + (77 9) + (82 8) + (87 3) + (92 3) (c) Mean = 0+ 7 + 4+ 6+ 9+8+ 3+ 3 3020 = 40 = = 75.5 marks (d)
10 9 8 7

Frequency

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 84.5 89.5 94.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 84.5 89.5 94.5

Mark

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8. (a) Mark 1 10 11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80 81 90 (b)

45 40 35 Cumulative frequency Third quartile 30 25 20 15 49.5 59.5 10 5 First quartile Median

Frequency 0 1 2 7 12 9 5 3 1

Cumulative frequency 0 1 3 10 22 31 36 39 40

Upper boundary 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5

0 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 Mark

(c) (i) Interquartile range = 59.5 40.5 = 19.0 marks (ii) Median = 49.5 marks The median means 20 of the students scored less than 49.5 marks.

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9. (a) Range = 51 22 = 29 years. (b) Ages (years) 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 Frequency 2 6 15 7 5 4 1 Midpoint 23 28 33 38 43 48 53

(c) (i) Modal class = 31 35 (23 2) + ( 28 6) + (33 15) + (38 7) + ( 43 5) + ( 48 4) + (53 1) (ii) Mean = 2 + 6 + 15 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 1 1435 = 40 = 35.875 years (d)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 Age (years)

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Frequency

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10. (a) Daily income(RM) 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 Midpoint 18 23 28 33 38 43 Upper boundary 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 Frequency 0 4 10 8 4 2 Cumulative frequency 0 4 14 22 26 28

(b) (i) Modal class = 26 30 (ii) Mean = (23 4) + (28 10) + (33 8) + (38 4) + (43 2) 0 + 4 + 10 + 8 + 4 + 2 874 = 28 = RM 31.21 (c) (i)
28 24

Cumulative frequency

20 16 12 8 4 0 20.5

25.5

30.5

35.5

40.5

45.5

Daily income (RM)

(ii) The number of workers whose daily income is more than RM 38 = 28 24 =4

8.8 SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

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1. SPM 2003 (a) Donation (RM) 11 15 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 (b)

45 40 35 Cumulative frequency 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 Donation (RM)

Frequency 1 3 6 10 11 7 2

Cumulative frequency 1 4 10 20 31 38 40

(c) (i) 35 (ii) 30 families donated RM 35 or less 3. (SPM 2004) (a) Class interval 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 - 33 (b)
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Frequency 1 2 3 5 6 9 4 2

Midpoint 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32

Mean =

(11 1) + (14 2) + (17 3) + (20 5) + ( 23 6) + (26 9) + ( 29 4) + (32 2) 1+ 2 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 9 + 4 + 2

48

742 32

= 23.19 (c)
10 9 8 7 Frequency 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
9.5 12.5 15.5 12.5 18.5 21.5 18.5 24.5 27.5

24.5

30.5

33.5 30.5

Mass (kg)

(d) The modal class for the mass of suitcases is 25 27 6. (SPM 2006J) (a) Age ( Year) 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 -39 40 - 44 45 49 50 - 54 (b) Mean =

Midpoint 22 27 32 37 42 47 52

Upper boundary 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5

Cumulative frequency 2 8 17 27 34 38 40

(2 22) + (6 27) + (9 32) + (10 37) + (7 42) + ( 4 47) + ( 2 52) 40

44 + 162 + 288 + 370 + 294 + 188 + 104 40 1450 = 40 = = 36.25 5. SPM 2005N (a) Marks
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Midpoint
49

Frequency

20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54

22 27 32 37 42 47 52

5 7 8 10 6 4 2

(b) (i) Modal class = 35 39 (5 22) + (7 27) + (8 32) + (10 37) + (6 42) + ( 4 47) + ( 2 5) (ii) Mean = 5 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 6 + 4 + 2 1469 = 42 = 34.98 ( 2 d.p) (c)
11 10 9 8 7 Frequency 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 Mark

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7. November 2006
a) Class Interval 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 b) mean = Midpoint 23 28 33 38 43 48 Frequency 5 6 8 10 7 4

23 5 + 28 6 + 33 8 + 38 10 + 43 7 + 48 4 40 1420 = 40
= 35.5

c)

d) Any correct information that can be obtained from the frequency polygon, eg. 4 students donated more than RM48.

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8. SPM June 2007 a) Mass (kg) 52 56 57 61 62 66 67 71 72 76 77 81 Frequency 3 8 6 3 11 5 36 Midpoint 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 Freq x midpoint 163.5 476 387 208.5 819.5 397.5 2452

ii.

Mean =

c)

sum of (frequency midpoint) sum of data 2452 = 36 = 68.11

d) Between 72 76 kg of newspapers was collected over the most number of days (11 days)

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9. SPM Nov 2007

a) i) Modal class is 50 54 kg
ii) Mass (kg) 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 Midpoint 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 Frequency 5 8 11 21 22 10 3 80 Midpoint x frequency 160 296 462 987 1144 570 186 3805

b)

3805 Mean = 80 = 47.56 =

Boundaries 29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 Frequency 0 5 8 11 21 22 10 3 Cumulative frequency 0 5 13 24 45 67 77 80

c)

d) at 25%, 20 of the students have a mass of less than p = 43 kg

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10. SPM June 2008 Q14 a) Class interval 57 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 Frequency 3 5 9 10 8 3 2 40 Midpoint 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Freq x midpoint 18 45 108 150 144 63 48 576

b)

mean = = 14.4

576 40

c)

d) The modal class for the number of books read by these students is 14 16 books.

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11. SPM Nov 2008 Q14 a) Class Interval 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 Midpoint 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 Frequency 3 5 7 9 7 6 3 40 Midpoint x frequency 51 110 189 288 259 252 141 1290

b)

Mean =

1290 40 = 32.25

c)

d) The number of drivers who paid more than RM34 for the toll =7+6+3 = 16

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