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SQL Joins

The document discusses different types of joins that can be performed between two tables to combine their data in various ways. An inner join returns only matching records from both tables. A full outer join returns all records, with null values for non-matches. A left outer join returns all records from the left table with any matches from the right table. Filtering on null values from the right table gives records only in the left table. A cross join returns a cartesian product with every combination of all records.

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saurabh8singh
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98 views

SQL Joins

The document discusses different types of joins that can be performed between two tables to combine their data in various ways. An inner join returns only matching records from both tables. A full outer join returns all records, with null values for non-matches. A left outer join returns all records from the left table with any matches from the right table. Filtering on null values from the right table gives records only in the left table. A cross join returns a cartesian product with every combination of all records.

Uploaded by

saurabh8singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I love the concept, though, so let's see if we can make it work. Assume we have the following two tables.

Table A is on the left, and Table B is on the right. We'll populate them with four records each. id name -- ---1 Pirate 2 Monkey 3 Ninja 4 Spaghetti id name -- ---1 Rutabaga 2 Pirate 3 Darth Vader 4 Ninja

Let's join these tables by the name field in a few different ways and see if we can get a conceptual match to those nifty Venn diagrams.

SELECT * FROM TableA INNER JOIN TableB ON TableA.name = TableB.name id -1 3 name id name ----- ---Pirate 2 Pirate Ninja 4 Ninja

Inner join produces only the set of records that match in both Table A and Table B. SELECT * FROM TableA FULL OUTER JOIN TableB ON TableA.name = TableB.name id name -- ---1 Pirate 2 Monkey 3 Ninja 4 Spaghetti null null null null id name -- ---2 Pirate null null 4 Ninja null null 1 Rutabaga 3 Darth Vader

Full outer join produces the set of all records in Table A and Table B, with matching records from both sides where available. If there is no match, the missing side will contain null. SELECT * FROM TableA LEFT OUTER JOIN TableB ON TableA.name = TableB.name id -1 2 3 4 name id name ----- ---Pirate 2 Pirate Monkey null null Ninja 4 Ninja Spaghetti null null

Left outer join produces a complete set of records from Table A, with the matching records (where available) in Table B. If there is no match, the right side will contain null.

SELECT * FROM TableA LEFT OUTER JOIN TableB ON TableA.name = TableB.name WHERE TableB.id IS null id -2 4 name id name ----- ---Monkey null null Spaghetti null null

To produce the set of records only in Table A, but not in Table B, we perform the same left outer join, then exclude the records we don't want from the right side via a where clause. SELECT * FROM TableA FULL OUTER JOIN TableB ON TableA.name = TableB.name WHERE TableA.id IS null OR TableB.id IS null id name id name -- ----- ---2 Monkey null null 4 Spaghetti null null null null 1 Rutabaga null null 3 Darth Vader To produce the set of records unique to Table A and Table B, we perform the same full outer join, then exclude the records we don't want from both sides via a where clause. There's also a cartesian product or cross join, which as far as I can tell, can't be expressed as a Venn diagram: SELECT * FROM TableA CROSS JOIN TableB This joins "everything to everything", resulting in 4 x 4 = 16 rows, far more than we had in the original sets. If you do the math, you can see why this is a very dangerous join to run against large tables.

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