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This MATLAB program generates on-off baseband signals using root-raised cosine pulse shaping and orthogonal baseband signals. It then estimates the bit error rate (BER) of each signal at different signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N) levels and displays the results for comparison. Random data is generated and modulated using the different pulse shapes. Additive white Gaussian noise is added and matched filters are used before making decisions. The analytical and simulated BER values are plotted against Eb/N to compare performance.

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Nagaintheran Seluarize
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163 views2 pages

Binary

This MATLAB program generates on-off baseband signals using root-raised cosine pulse shaping and orthogonal baseband signals. It then estimates the bit error rate (BER) of each signal at different signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N) levels and displays the results for comparison. Random data is generated and modulated using the different pulse shapes. Additive white Gaussian noise is added and matched filters are used before making decisions. The analytical and simulated BER values are plotted against Eb/N to compare performance.

Uploaded by

Nagaintheran Seluarize
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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% MATLAB PROGRAM < Ex10.2.m> % Ths Matlab exercise < Ex10.2.

m> generate % on/off basebannd signals using root-raised cosine % pulshape (rolloff factor = 0.5) and orthognal baseband % signal before estimating the bit error rate (BER) at different Eb/N % ratio for display and comparison clear;clf; L=1000000; %Total data symbols in experiment is 1 million % To display the puleshape,we oversample the signal by a factor of % f_ovsamp=8 f_ovsamp=16; % oversampling factor vs data rate delay_rc=3; % Generating root-raised cosine pulseshape(rolloff factor = 0.5) prcos=rcosflt([1],1,f_ovsamp,'sqrt',0.5,delay_rc); prcos=prcos(1:end-f_ovsamp+1); prcos=prcos/norm(prcos); pcmatch=prcos(end:-1:1); % Generating a rectangular pulse shape psinh=sin([0:f_ovsamp-1]*pi/f_ovsamp); psinh=psinh/norm(psinh); phmatch=psinh(end:-1:1); %Generating a half-sine pulse shape psine=sin([0:f_ovsamp-1]*2*pi/f_ovsamp); psine=psine/norm(psine); psmatch=psine(end:-1:1); % Generating random signal data for polar signaling s_data=round(rand(L,1)); % upsample to match the "fictitious oversampling rate' % which is f_ovsamp/T ( T=1 is the symbol duration) s_up=upsample(s_data,f_ovsamp); s_cp=upsample(1-s_data,f_ovsamp); % Identify the decision due to pulse shaping and matched filter delayrc=2*delay_rc*f_ovsamp; delayrt=f_ovsamp-1; % Genarate polar signaling of different pulse shaping xrcos=conv(s_up,prcos); xorth=conv(s_up,psinh)+ conv(s_cp,psine); t=(1:200)/f_ovsamp; figure (1) subplot(221) figwave1=plot(t,xrcos(delayrc/2:delayrc/2+199)); title('(a) On/off root-raised cosine pulse.'); set(figwave1,'Linewidth',2); subplot(212) figwave2=plot(t,xorth(delayrt:delayrt+199)); title('(b) Orthogonal modulation.') set(figwave2,'Linewidth',2); % Find the signal length Lrcos=length(xrcos);Lrect=length(xorth); BER=[]; noiseq=randn(Lrcos,1); % Generating the channel noise (AWGN) for i=1:12; Eb2N(i)=i; % (Eb/N in dB)

Eb2N_num=10^(Eb2N(i)/10); % Eb/N in numeral Var_n=1/(2*Eb2N_num) %1/SNR is the noise variance signois=sqrt(Var_n); % standard deviation awgnois=signois*noiseq; %AWGN % Add noise to signals at the channel output yrcos=xrcos+awgnois/sqrt(2); yorth=xorth+awgnois(1:Lrect); % Apply matched filters first z1=conv(yrcos,pcmatch);clear awgnois,yrcos; z2=conv(yorth,phmatch); z3=conv(yorth,psmatch);clear yorth; % Sampling the received signal and acquire samples z1=z1(delayrc+1:f_ovsamp:end); z2=z2(delayrt+1:f_ovsamp:end-f_ovsamp+1); z3=z3(delayrt+1:f_ovsamp:end-f_ovsamp+1); %Decision based on thesign of the samples dec1=round((sign(z1(1:L)-0.5)+1)*.5);dec2=round((sign(z2-z3)+1)*.5); % Now compare against the original data to compute BER for the three % pulses BER=[BER;sum(abs(s_data-dec1))/L sum(abs(s_data-dec2))/L]; Q(i)=0.5*erfc(sqrt(Eb2N_num/2)); %Compute the Analytical BER end figure(2) subplot(111) figber=semilogy(Eb2N,Q,'k-',Eb2N,BER(:,1),'b-*',Eb2N,BER(:,2),'r-o'); fleg=legend('Analytical','Root-raised cosine on/off','Orthogonal signaling'); fx=xlabel('E_b/N (dB)'); fy =ylabel('BER'); set(figber,'Linewidth',2); set(fleg,'FontSize',11); set(fx,'FontSize',11); set(fy,'FontSize',11); % We can plot the individual pulses used for the binary orthogonal % signaling figure(3) subplot(111); pulse=plot((0:f_ovsamp)/f_ovsamp,[psinh 0],'-k',... (0:f_ovsamp)/f_ovsamp,[psine 0],'k-o'); pleg=legend('Half-sine pulse','Sine pulse'); ptitle=title('Binary orthogonal signals');

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