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Knf1013 Week9 Differentiation Compatibility Mode

This document discusses differentiation and its rules. It begins with an introduction to differentiation and the definition of the derivative. It then provides examples of using the definition to find derivatives. The document outlines several basic rules of differentiation including the constant multiplication rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, and quotient rule with examples. It also covers differentiation of polynomial, composite, circular, and inverse functions. In summary: 1. The document introduces differentiation and defines the derivative. 2. It provides examples of using the definition to find simple derivatives. 3. The basic rules of differentiation like product rule and quotient rule are explained. 4. Techniques for finding derivatives of various function types such as polynomials, composites

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
100 views37 pages

Knf1013 Week9 Differentiation Compatibility Mode

This document discusses differentiation and its rules. It begins with an introduction to differentiation and the definition of the derivative. It then provides examples of using the definition to find derivatives. The document outlines several basic rules of differentiation including the constant multiplication rule, sum and difference rules, product rule, and quotient rule with examples. It also covers differentiation of polynomial, composite, circular, and inverse functions. In summary: 1. The document introduces differentiation and defines the derivative. 2. It provides examples of using the definition to find simple derivatives. 3. The basic rules of differentiation like product rule and quotient rule are explained. 4. Techniques for finding derivatives of various function types such as polynomials, composites

Uploaded by

Syura Pisyu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KNF1013 Engineering Mathematics I

DIFFERENTIATION
Dr. Ivy Tan Ai Wei Ext. 3312 [email protected] awitan@feng unimas my
1

Introduction
First order derivative of f(x) The first order derivative of the function f(x) at x=a is defined as

f ( a + h) f ( a ) f ' (a ) = lim h 0 h

provided the limits exists. If the limit exists, we say that f is differentiable at , y x = a. The process of computing a derivative is called differentiation. Common notation is df or f(x)

dx
2

Example 1: Use the definition to find f (x) for f(x) = 2x2 + 1


f ( x + h) f ( x ) f ' ( x) = li lim h 0 h
2( x + h) 2 + 1 (2 x 2 + 1) f ' ( x) = lim h 0 h

2( x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 ) + 1 2 x 2 1 f ' ( x) = lim h 0 h

2 x 2 + 4 xh + 2h 2 + 1 2 x 2 1 f ' ( x) = lim h 0 h

4 xh + 2h 2 h( 4 x + 2h) = lim = lim 4 x + 2h = 4 x f ' ( x) = lim h 0 h 0 h 0 h h

Example:

Use the definition to find f (x) 3 for f(x) = x + 2 x

Basic Rules of Differentiation


1. Constant Multiplication Rule If y = f(x) and k is a constant:

d dy y (k ) = k ky = kf ' ( x) dx dx
Example: Given y = 5x. Find the derivative of 2y.

d dy (2 y ) = 2 = 2(5) = 10 dx dx
6

2. Sum Rule If two functions are differentiable then both functions differentiable, can be dealt separately.

d d d [ f ( x) + g ( x)] = f ( x) + g ( x) dx dx dx
d d d [ f ( x ) g ( x )] = f ( x ) g ( x) dx d dx d dx d

Example 1: y = x4 + x2

dy = 4x3 + 2x dx
Example 2: y = x4 - x2

dy y = 4x3 2x dx

3. Product Rule If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable at x it is possible to x, differentiate f(x).g(x)

d d d [ f ( x).g ( x)] = f ( x) ( g ( x)) + g ( x) ( f ( x)) dx dx dx


or

[ f ( x) g ( x)] ' = ).

f ( x) g ' ( x) + g ( x) f ' ( x)

Example 1: y = (4x2 1)(7x3 + x)


dy = (4 x 2 1)(21x 2 + 1) + (7 x 3 + x)(8 x) dx

= 84x4 + 4x2 21x2 -1 + 56x4 + 8x2

= 140 x 9 x 1
4 2

Alternatively, for this example you can multiply the term and differentiate in normal way.

10

Example 2: If f(x) = x2 tan x. Find f (x) Using product rule f (x) = x2 [sec2 x] + tan x (2x)

11

Examples: Find the derivative of

a) f ( x) = (3x 2x )(5+4x)
2

b) f (x) = 3x sin x
2

12

4. Quotient Rule f (x) If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable at x, for ( ) g( ) , and g(x)0. g( ) g(x) Then

d d g(x) ( f (x)) f (x) (g(x)) d f (x) dx dx = dx g(x) [g(x)] 2

g(x) f ' (x) f (x)g' (x)) = [g(x)]2

13

x2 2 dy Example 1: y = 2 . Find dx x +1
dy = dx ( x 2 + 1) d d 2 ( x 2) ( x 2 2) ( x 2 + 1) dx dx ( x 2 + 1) 2

dy ( x 2 + 1)( 2 x ) ( x 2 2 )( 2 x ) = dx ( x 2 + 1) 2

dy 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 x 3 + 4 x y = dx ( x 2 + 1) 2
dy 6x = 2 dx ( x + 1) 2
14

Examples:

d (tan( x)) = sec 2 ( x) i) Show that d ( x)


ii) Differentiate

1 co s x y = sin x

15

Differentiation of Polynomial Functions


d n ( x ) = nx n 1 dx
Example 1: Find the derivative of f(x) = x3

d 3 ( x ) = 3x2 f (x) = ( ) dx d

16

Example 2: Find the derivative of f(x) = x8 and g(t)=t107 Solution: We have

d 8 x = 8 x 81 = 8 x 7 f(x)= dx
Similarly

d 107 t = 107t 107 1 = 107t 106 g(t)= dt


17

Example 3:

dy If y = 2x4 2x3 x2 + 3x 2, find dx


dy d d 2 d 3 dy d 4 = 2 ( x ) 2 ( x ) ( x ) + 3 ( x ) ( 2) dx dx dx dx dx dx

= 2(4 x 3 ) 2(3 x 2 ) 2 x + 3(1) 0

= 8x3 6 x 2 2 x + 3

18

Differentiation of Composite Functions


Chain Rule If y = f (u) and u = g(x), then y = f (g(x)) and the chain rule says that

dy dy du = . dx d d d du dx

19

Example 1: Differentiate y = (x3 + x 1)5. For u = x3 + x -1, note that y = u5.

du = 3x 2 + 1 dx
dy dy du = . dx du dx

dy = 5u 4 du

dy = 5u 4 (3 x 2 + 1) dx

dy = 5( x 3 + x 1) 4 (3 x 2 + 1) dx
20

dy Example 2: Find if y = 4 cos x3 dx


Let u = x3
du = 3x 2 dx

y = 4 cos u
dy = 4 ( sin u ) du

dy dy du y y = . dx du dx
dy = ( 4 sin u )(3 x 2 ) dx

dy = 12 x 2 sin x 3 dx

21

Examples: Find the derivative of f

a ) y = cos 3 x

2 2

b) y = (cos 3) x c) y = cos(3 x) d ) y = cos x


2

e) y = cos x
22

Review
Differentiate iff i
a)y = 4 sin 5x 5x 5x 4

y = 3 tan 4 3x b)

23

Differentiation of Circular Functions


Consider finding the derivative of f(x) = sin(x). From the definition, we find that
f ( x + h) f ( x ) f ' ( x) = lim h 0 h

= lim

sin( x + h) sin( x) h 0 h

sin( x) cos ( h) + cos ( x) sin ( h) sin( x) = lim h 0 h

24

Grouping terms with sin(x) and terms with sin(h) separately

sin( x ) cos( h ) sin( x ) cos ( x ) sin ( h ) = lim + lim h0 h0 h h

cos(h) 1 ( sin (h) = sin( x) lim i ( li + cos ( x) lim li h 0 h0 h h

25

Thus, we find that the derivative of f(x) = sin (x) is given by

= sin x (0) + cos x(1) = cos ( x )

We write,

d (sin( x)) = cos ( x) d ( x)

26

The derivatives of all six trigonometric functions are summarized as follows:

27

Example:
Show that

d [ [cos x] =sin x dx d

28

Differentiation of Inverse Functions


Let us consider now finding the derivatives of f(x) = sin-1 ( ) (x). Let y = sin-1(x)

dy d = [sin 1 ( x)] dx dx
Instead f differentiating y = sin-1( ) we differentiate x = I t d of diff ti ti i (x), diff ti t sin y with respect to x. We obtain x = sin y

d d ( x ) = [sin y ] dx dx
29

Applying the chain rule to the right hand side, we find that
1= [cos y] dy dx

Now, sin2(y) + cos2(y) = 1 , cos2(y) = 1 sin2(y) cos (y) = 1 sin 2 ( y )


We also know that y , 2 2

since x = sin y

2 hence cos (y) 0 , Thus, we cannot take y= - 1 x

30

we take

cos (y) = 1 x 2

It follows that,

dy 1 = (cos y) dx

dy y = 1 x 1 dx dy y 1 = dx 1 x2
2

d 1 1 (sin x) = dx 1 x2

31

The derivatives of all six inverse trigonometric function are summarized as follows:
1.

d 1 1 sin ( x) = , for -1 < x < 1 2 dx 1 x


1 d cos 1 ( x) = dx 1 x2

2.

, for -1 < x < 1

3.

1 d 1 tan ( x) = dx 1+ x2

4.

1 d cot 1 ( x ) = dx 1+ x2
32

5.

1 d , for |x| > 1 sec 1 ( x ) = dx | x | x2 1


d 1 , for |x| > 1 | | csc 1 ( x ) = dx | x | x2 1

6.

33

Example 1: p
dy Find for y = sin-1 3x ( using the chain rule) dx

y = sin-1 3x

dy 1 d = [ (3x)] 2 dx dx 1 (3x)

1 1 (9 x )
2

[3]

3 1 (9 x 2 )
34

Example 2:
dy Find dx for y = cos-1(2x2 + 1)10

y = cos-1(2x2 + 1)10
1 d dy y = [ (2 x 2 + 1)10 ] dx 1 (2 x 2 + 1) 20 dx

d 2 = [10(2 x + 1) . (2 x + 1)] 2 20 dx 1 (2 x + 1)
2 9

1 1 (2 x + 1)
2 20

[10(2 x 2 + 1)9 .(4 x)]


35

Compute the derivative of :

a ) cos (3 x ) b )(sec
1

x)
3

c ) tan ( x )

36

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