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Dart in Action

The document introduces Dart, a new programming language created by Google to make developing complex web applications easier. Dart is an object-oriented language designed for structured web programming that includes optional static types, libraries, isolates for concurrency, and compiles to JavaScript. Tools like the Dart Editor IDE aim to increase developer productivity when writing Dart applications.

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Ewketbirhan Alemu
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869 views37 pages

Dart in Action

The document introduces Dart, a new programming language created by Google to make developing complex web applications easier. Dart is an object-oriented language designed for structured web programming that includes optional static types, libraries, isolates for concurrency, and compiles to JavaScript. Tools like the Dart Editor IDE aim to increase developer productivity when writing Dart applications.

Uploaded by

Ewketbirhan Alemu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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in Action

An introduction to the Dart language and tools

Who am I
Technical Lead for Dart Editor at Google Former CTO at Instantiations Co-author of Eclipse Plug-ins and Eclipse GEF

Overview
Motivation Language Tools Performance Demo
Special thanks to Seth Ladd, Florian Loitsch, Gilad Bracha, Steve Messick, Brian Wilkerson, Alan Knight, and Eric Clayberg, for slides and ideas

Web Programming
Small apps are easy Platform independent No installation Platform improving fast Everywhere... and getting more modern
~50% of users on IE9/FF7/Chrome/Safari

Why create Dart?


Developing large applications is hard
Hard to find program structure No static types No support for libraries Weak tool support Slow startup

Lots of cruft after 15 years

Our goal... Help app developers write complex, high fidelity client apps for the modern web

Dart is ...
Structured Web Programming New language New tools New libraries Open source as of early October 2011 Available at http://dartlang.org

The Dart Language


Object oriented language for the web Optional types Libraries, Isolates Real lexical scoping Single threaded

more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); } class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Libraries

class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Functions

class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Classes

class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Methods

class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Optional Types

class Hello { void doStuff() { var message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Hello World
#import('dart:html'); void main() { new Hello().doStuff(); }

Optional Types

class Hello { void doStuff() { String message = "Hello World"; document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } }
more at http://dartlang.org/language-tour/

Optional Static Types


Low friction mechanism for communicating intent to machines and other developers Easily scale up from prototype (untyped) to production (typed) Increases your productivity via Dart Editor and other tools

Types At Runtime
Developers may check types at runtime... Tx=o assert(o === null || o is T)

By default, types have


No effect No runtime cost

Isolates
Inspired by Erlang Lightweight units of execution
Each isolate conceptually a process Nothing shared All communication via message passing

Support concurrent execution


spawn()

Isolate 1
send port

messages receive port

Isolate 1

Isolates
Can be ...
Lightweight on UI thread Heavyweight on their own thread

Uses ...
Isolate 3rd party code JavaScript interop Client / Server communication

Dart Board
http://www.dartlang.org/

Dart Board
Select template

Dart Board
Type stuff

Dart Board
Run program

Tools
Dart Source

Tools

JavaScript

Snapshot

VM

Tools
Dart Source
Dart Editor

Tools

JavaScript

Snapshot

VM

Dart Editor Goals


Easy to understand Introduce programmers to Dart Increase productivity
Code completion, etc

Fast Open Source and pre-built binary Available at http://dartlang.org

Dart Editor Users


Web programmers of varying backgrounds Many languages - HTML, JS, Python, Java Wide range of programming experience Primarily not Eclipse users

Dart Editor ... Before

Where is Dart ??? Very cluttered UI

Dart Editor Strategy


Narrow the scope
Focus on doing a few things well

Minimalist UI
Make it easy to understand Reduce decision making

Dart Editor ... Now

Simple and Clean UI

Dart Editor Strategy


Single perspective Remove unnecessary plugins Redefine entire menu bar Use "activities" to supress UI elements Key binding schema

Start-up Performance
Remove unused plugins
Modify plugins to remove dependencies

Defer work until after UI appears Early startup extension point Display.asyncExec(...) Optimize load order Record class load order Reorder classes in plugin jar files

Application Performance
Profile and optimize the code
Identify hotspots with VM profiler Rewrite or eliminate slow code

Defer work to background tasks

Critical Performance Areas


Background analysis (errors / warnings) Background indexing Code completion Dart to JavaScript compiler

Metrics
First RCP build 65 MB 170 plugins 20s startup Current build 37 MB 69 plugins 4s startup

Dart Is Not Done


Reflection? Rest arguments? enum? Pattern matching? More browser integration?

Getting Involved
https://dartlang.org
Introduction, language spec, articles Download Dart Editor

https://code.google.com/p/dart/
Source code to editor, compiler, and virtual machine See the wiki for instructions

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