Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009

Protection Application An Overview

Part 2A
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 1

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 2

Layouts

Typical Parts of a Power Plant

Substation

Busbar in Substation HV - Breaker Power plant Main Transformer Auxiliary Transformer

Generator Breaker Excitation Transformer Excitation System G Field Circuit Breaker

Turbine valve Turbine - Generator

Earthing System

Generator Protection

Possible Faults
Stator Earth Faults Rotor Earth Faults Stator Short Circuits Stator/Rotor Interturn faults External faults

Generator Protection

Abnormal Operating Condition

overcurrent/overload unbalanced load overtemperature over- and undervoltage over- and underexcitation over- and underfrequency over-fluxing asynchronous running out of step generator motoring failures in the machine control system (i.e. AVR or governor failure) failures in the machine cooling system failures in the primary equipment (i.e. breaker head flashover) open phase

 Following are the various protections recommended for the generator and generator transformer protection:

Type of fault GENERATOR STATOR Short Circuits

ANSI Device Protection Functions No.

87G 87GT 21G 51 / 27 G 46G 51G 64G1 64G2

Generator differential Overall differential Minimum impedance (or alternatively Over current / under voltage) Negative sequence Overload 95% stator earth fault 100% stator earth fault

Asymmetry Stator overload Earth fault stator

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 6

Loss of excitation Out of step Monitoring Blade fatigue Inter turn fault Mag. Circuits Higher voltage Accidental energisation Monitoring

40G 98G 32G / 37G 81G 95G 99G 59G 27 / 50 G 60 G

Loss of excitation Pole slip Low forward power / reverse power (double protection for large generators) Minimum frequency Over voltage or over current Overfluxing volt / Hz Over voltage Dead machine PT fuse failure

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 7

GENERATOR ROTOR Rotor ground GENERATOR TRANSFORMER Short Circuits

64F

Rotor earth fault

Ground fault Overhang UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER Short circuit Ground fault

87GT 51GT 87T 51NGT 87NT 87HV

Overall differential Overcurrent Transformer differential Earth fault over-current Restricted earth fault HV winding cum overhang differential

87 UAT 51 UAT 51 UAT 64 UAT

Transformer differential Over-current Restricted over-current Restricted earth fault

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 8

50/51
Unit aux. transformer

64F
Field winding ground-fault RAGRA (RXNB4) 1) Instruments

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 9

Protection and Monitoring

REG 670 Different applications

REG 670 provides extensive protection and monitoring functionality

1ph U

The REG 670 provides protection functions and concepts for: Turbine (frequency, reverse power) Generator (Main1/Main2, Main/Back-up)

3ph U

3ph I

Generator transformer/Step-up transformer

1ph U

1ph I

Auxiliary/Station service transformer Excitation transformer

3ph I

1ph U

REG 670 focus on the optimized integration and function to protect your generator

IEC 61850

A Breakthrough for Substation Automation

One world One technology One standard

IEC 61850

Combining the best properties in a new way...

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 12

Power transformers in a power system

400 kV AC Transmission

130 kV Subtransmission

Generation
MV

Distribution

LV M

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 13

315MVA Transformer

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 14

Cooling
Outer Ci rcui t H eat D i ssi pati on I nner Ci rcui t H eat Producti on (Core and Wi ndi ngs)

In principle the larger the losses in the Inner Circuit the larger the size of the Outer Circuit (coolers or radiators) There is nevertheless a limit either due to the size of the coolers or to the impossibility of cooling a certain spot (hot-spot) in the Inner Circuit A pump to move the oil is often unnecessary. The generated heat will act as a siphon

Pump opti onal

F an opti onal

Oi l i mmersed Tank

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 15

Types of Internal Faults

Earth faults Short-circuits Inter turn Faults Core Faults Tank Faults Reduced cooling

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 16

Abnormal Conditions
Overload

Over voltage

Reduced system voltage

Over excitation
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 17

Overload Capability
It is possible to overload power transformers

Older transformers may withstand 140% continuously

Overloading and loss of cooling causes overheating

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 18

Protective Relays Used ( Transformers > 5 MVA)

Gas detector relay ( Buchholz) Over load protection
Thermal relays Temperature monitoring relays

Over current protection Ground fault protection Differential protection Interturn faults Pressure relay for tap changer Oil level monitor
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 19

Protective Relays Used ( Transformers < 5 MVA)

Gas detector relay Overload protection Overcurrent protection Ground fault protection

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 20

Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect faults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 21

Transformer Monitors
Mechanical fault detectors
Sudden gas pressure protection Buchholz protection Oil level monitoring

Temperature Monitoring
The oil thermometer The winding thermometer

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 22

Transformer protection with 670/650 series

Introduction Transformer Protection 670/650 series Openness and flexibility Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary

670 series optimized for generation and transmission applications provide versatile functionality, maximum flexibility and performance to meet the highest requirements of any application in generation and transmission protection systems. 650 series your best choice for subtransmission applications provide off-the-shelf, ready to use solutions for transformer protection applications primarily in subtransmission networks.

ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 23

Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard

Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations Designed for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standard Ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs

ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 24

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 25

The reactor absorbs the capacitive power generated in long lines

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 26

Shunt Reactor

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 27

AB C

A B C

L
Lp Lp Lp

Ln

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 28

General
Shunt reactors are used in EHV systems to limit the over voltages due to capacitive VAR generation in Long Transmission Lines The shunt reactors are normally connected
Through isolators to a line Through circuit breakers to a busbar Through circuit breakers to the tertiary of a Interconnecting transformer

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 29

Different locations of reactor

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 30

Internal Faults
Faults occur in shunt reactors due to insulation breakdown, ageing of insulation, overheating due to over excitation, oil contamination and leakage

Dry air-core reactors

Phase-to-phase faults , resulting in high magnitude phase current Phase-to-earth faults ,, resulting in a low-magnitude earth-fault current, dependent upon the size of the system earthing. Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor bank, resulting in a very small change in phase current

Oil-immersed reactors
High current phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor winding. Miscellaneous failures such as loss of cooling or low oil
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 31

Abnormal Conditions
Inrush currents

Inrush currents flow in connection with energisation Inrush currents usually lower than 200% of rated current

Transient overvoltages Temporary overvoltages

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 32

Shunt Reactor Protections

Differential protection Distance protection Phase over current protection Restricted earth fault protection Mechanical fault detectors Oil temperature and winding temperature protection

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 33

Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect faults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 34

Reactor Monitors
Mechanical fault detectors
Sudden gas pressure protection Buchholz protection Oil level monitoring

Temperature Monitoring
The oil thermometer The winding thermometer

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 35

Shunt reactor protection and control

Introduction Transformer Protection 670/650 series Openness and flexibility Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary

Protection
Phase segregated biased differential protection Low impedance restricted earth-fault High impedance differential protection

Switching control for lines and buses

ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 36

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 37

Capacitor Construction

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 38

Power Factor Correction Power Factor Correction

Working Power (kW) Reactive Power (kVAR)

KW is the Working Power component kVAR is the Non- Working Power or Reactive Power component to serve inductive loads, which require magnetizing current: Motors, Transformers, Lighting ballast KVA is the Total Power required to serve a load Capacitors supply the reactive power component Power Factor is a measurement of how efficiently power is being used.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 39

Increased System Capacity Increased System Capacity

Extra capacity for more KVA
released system capacity

Total Power (KVA) = Working Power (KW) Power Factor

Power Factor Real Power kW Reactive Power kVAR Total Power kVA 60% 600 800 1000 70% 600 612 857 80% 600 450 750 90% 600 291 667 100% 600 Zero 600

By supplying reactive current (kVAR) close to the load, capacitors release system capacity on the entire system and reduce costs.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 40

Voltage Stability Voltage Stability

A feeder circuit will have a voltage drop related to the impedance of the line and the power factor Adding capacitance will actually cause a voltage rise by supplying reactive current to the bus

(less current = less voltage drop)

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 41

Products Capacitors HV Products / Filter Capacitor Banks

Improving the performance, quality and efficiency of electrical systems

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 42

Capacitor banks- General

Normally used in MV networks to generate reactive power Series reactors are used to limit inrush current

Harmonic filters for thyristor controlled reactors are also variation of capacitor banks having reactance tuned to capacitance

Shunt Capacitors-General

Shunt Capacitor Faults

Terminal shunt faults Capacitor unit failures Capacitor unit over voltages Capacitor rack arc-over

Abnormal Conditions
Inrush currents Transient over voltages Temporary over voltages Out rush currents

Capacitor Bank Protections

Short -circuit protection Ground-fault protection Under current protection Unbalance protection (3I >>) (I ) (I/U <) (IN-N)

Overload protection(3I/U >)

Fusing Capacitor Fusing

Internally Fused Externally Fused Internal Strings Conventional

Fuse

Discharge Resistor

Fuseless

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 48

SPAJ 160 C : Unbalance , Overload and Under current functions

Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009

Protection Application An Overview

Part 2B
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 50

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 51

The Electric Utility

Power Evacuation Substation Transmission Substation Switching Substation Distribution Substation

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 52

Transmission Line

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 53

Electrical faults in the power system

Transmission lines Busbar Transformer/ Generator

85% 12% 3%

100%

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 54

Fault types
Transient faults
are common on transmission lines, approximately 80-85% lightnings are the most common reason can also be caused by birds, falling trees, swinging lines etc. will disappear after a short dead interval

Persistent faults
can be caused by a broken conductor fallen down can be a tree falling on a line must be located and repaired before normal service

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 55

Measuring principles
Overcurrent protection Differential protection Phase comparison Distance protection Directional- wave protection

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 56

Overcurrent protection
Are normally used in radial networks with system voltage below 70 kV where relatively long operating time is acceptable. On transmission lines directional or nondirectional over current relays are used as back-up protections.

I>

block

I>

I>

I>

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 57

Pilot wire differential protection

Pilot wires can be in soil or on towers. The resistance in the wires will limit the use on longer lines. The use is mostly restricted to distances up to 10 km.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 58

Digital differential communication

L1 L2 L3

DL1 DL2 DL3

Digital communication with optical fibres or by multiplexed channels

DL1 DL2 DL3

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 59

Phase comparison
load I1
> >

I2

Phase comparison relays compare the angle difference between the two currents at both ends of the line. The measured time for zero crossing is transmitted to the other end. Normally a start criteria is added to the phase angle requirement.

I1 I2

e
1

e
2

func- tion

I2 I1 I2

e1 e
2
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 60

The principle of distance protection

ZK=Uk/Ik

Uk
A

Uk=0
metallic fault

Zk Z<

Ik

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 61

Fault resistance
multi-phase faults consist only of arc resistance

L3 L1 L2

L1 L2 L3

earth faults consist of arc and tower footing resistance Warringtons formula

Rarc =

28707 x L I
1.4

L= length of arc in meters I= the actual fault current in A Footing resistance

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 62

Distance protection on short lines

jX
Quadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity for higher RF/XF ratio It still has some limitations:

the value of set RF/XF ratio is limited to 5

RF XF

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 63

jX

Distance protection on long lines

Load impedance limits the reach in resistive direction High value of RF/XF ratio is generally not necessary Circular (mho) characteristic

Has no strictly defined reach in resistive direction Needs limitations in resistive direction (blinder)

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 64

The principle of distance protection

t
t3 t2 t1

l
B
f 1 f 2 f 3

Z<

Z<

Z<

Z<

t
t3 t2 t1

l
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 65

The principle of distance protection

Reach setting of zones R/ X Relation GFC (General Fault Criterion) GFC

ZL

ZL

Zb

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 66

PLCC equipment

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 67

Power Swing Blocking function

X Power swing locus

R
t

t = 40 ms

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 68

Series compensated system

jX B A XC =70% Xl =100% B

100%
gape flashed

F1

B A R

Consideration for line distance protections

Correct direction discrim-ination at voltage reversal (negative fault reactance) variation in resulted line impedance

70%

gape not flashed

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 69

Line distance protection with Relion 670/650 series For maximum reliability of your power system
Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary

Full scheme distance protection with independent phase selection Power swing detection Wide range of scheme communication logics Five zone distance protection
Phase to phase Phase to earth faults

ABB Group November 2009 Slide 70

Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard

Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary

Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations Designed for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standard Ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs

ABB Group November 2009 Slide 71

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 72

Auto reclosing Cycle Auto reclosing Cycle

OH-lines High fault-rate (80-90%)

Fast simultaneous Fault clearing

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 73

AUTORECLOSING CYCLE AUTORECLOSING CYCLE

OH-lines Intermittent faults (80-90%)

Successful AR-rate : High (80-90%)

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 74

Auto reclosing principles

95% of faults are transient type 3 Ph autoreclosing synchrocheck is used
Helps verify phase angles are not out of phase e.g: due to heavy power swing

1 Ph autoreclosing needs identification of faulty phase

Phase identification is difficult for high resistance faults

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 75

Single-pole Reclosing
Single-Pole Reclosing
A B C A B C

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 76

Artificial extinction of secondary arc by Fixed Four-reactor Scheme

ABC ABC

L
Lp Lp Lp

Ln

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 77

Synchronism and Energizing check

UBus

ULine

UBus

FreqDiff < 50-300 mHz o PhaseDiff < 5-75 UDiff < 5-50% Ur UHigh > 50-120% Ur ULow < 10-100% Ur

U Bus

1-ph ULine

U Line

3-ph (or 1-ph) Fuse fail

SYNC-BLOCK

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 78

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 79

Need for Busbar protection

In its absence fault clearance takes place in Zone-II of distance relay by remote end tripping This means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread black out

Effect of delayed clearance

Greater damage at fault point Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator and windings of transformer.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 80

Types of BB Protections
High impedance Medium impedance Low impedance Blockable O/C relay ( For radial systems in distribution systems)

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 81

High impedance bus differential relay

Basic features SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL) RL A VR RCT B VK > 2 VR FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR EXTERNAL FAULT nA = nB 1 + RA / ZA 1 + RB / ZB n = TURNS RATIO R = RCT + 2 RL Z = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 82

Limitations of High impedance differential relay

Puts stringent requirements on CTs
Need for dedicated CTs Identical CT ratios , magnetising impedances Aux CTs not acceptable

Inability to cope with increasing fault levels

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 83

RADSS medium impedance relay

T MD n MD

IR1

Ud3
dR D2 D1

US

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 84

REB500 - Numerical Busbar and Breaker Failure Protection

ABB Network Partner AG

REB 500

C E

Distributed installation
ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500

Central Unit

ABB Network Partner AG

REB 500

C E
Bay Unit Bay Unit

C E
Bay Unit

C E
Bay Unit

C E

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 85

Advantages of medium/ Low impedance relays

Free from any need for Identical CT ratios or matched CTs Other relays can be included in the same CT core Increasing fault levels have no impact

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 86

700 A 1000/5 200/5

200 A 500/5

500 A

3.5 A

5A

5A

5/1

5/0.2 0.7 A

5/0.5 0.2 A 0.5 A

Diff. relay RADSS IN SINGLE BUS

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 87

REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTS

Isolator Aux. Contact a should close before the primary contact
a b

closes and Aux contact b closes after the primary contact opens.

C Throw-over relay

0% Main contact Aux. Contact a Aux. Contact b

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 88

100%

DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER BUS

BUS - A BUS - B

AUX. BUS

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 89

1- BREAKER SYSTEM
RADSS - A
L1 BUS - A L3 L5

BUS - B

L2

L4

L6

RADSS - B

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 90

Busbar Protection REB670

ABB Group April 2009 Slide 91

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 92

History - Circuit breaker development

Example: 420 kV

Air Blast

Oil Minimum

SF6 Gas

around 1960

around 1980

todays technology

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 93

Interrupters Interrupter design

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 94

Relay back-up
RELAY SYSTEM 52 52 52a 52a

CHANNEL

50

RELAY SYSTEM +
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 95

CHANNEL

Breaker back-up
5 1 2 6

Z<

7 3 4

For uncleared fault shown CBs to be tripped are 1, 3, 4 & 6

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 96

Classical CBFP
Breaker Failure Protection

I> I> I> I>

+ if trip from relay

t trip

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 97

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 98

Introduction
Majority faults are earth faults Earth fault protection depends on type of earthing

Effectively earthed Reactance earthed High resistance earthed Resonance earthed

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 99

Measurement of earth fault current

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 100

Measurement of zero sequence voltage

L1 L2 L3

U 0>

Earth fault protection in solidly earthed systems

IDMT earth fault relays are used to detect earth faults in effectively earthed system

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 102

Directional Earth Fault Relay

Directional earth fault relays are used Can use communication link Inrush current stabilization may be required for sensitive settings

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 103

Directional earth fault relay for High resistance earthed system

Directional earth fault relay used when in feed of capacitive current from an object is higher than 60% of required sensitivity Measures active component of fault current

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 104

Earth fault in resonance earthed network

A B C I01

C0

R0

I02 L RL

U0 Ief

Earth fault in isolated network

A B C I01

C0

R0

U0 I02

Ief

Directional earth fault relay

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 107

Restricted earth fault relay

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 108

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 109

What is Substation Automation ?

A combination of:

Protection Monitoring Control Communication

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 110

What is Substation Automation ?

Substitution for conventional control panels Substitution for other sub systems A more efficient way of controlling your substation

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 111

The conventional way

Control Board

Telecontrol RTU

Alarming

Synchronization

Busbar Protection

MARSHALING RACK

Local TELEControl

Interlocking ALARMING

Measuring NISATION

Bay BUSBAR Protection PROTECTION

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 112

System Engineering Tool

The New Way

Communication only during engineering IED Tool

Station HMI Gateway Station Clock

Station Monitoring System

Station bus Bay Control IEDs Object Protection Control & Protection Multi Bay Control

Multi Object Protection

Web Client

Process bus

Merging Unit

Merging Unit

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 113

Conventional Control & Protection

Fault Recording
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01

Bay Protection
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A
A B w N o e P r t a k n

Busbar Protection
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B

SCADA RTU
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN ON/OFF

Event Recording
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B
n d a c i I 6 t 5 0 n d a c i I 6 t 5 0

Station Level

125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A

125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B

125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B

R E L 3 1 4 6 *

ABB
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6

056 c tcadn I i

056c i tcadn I

0 56c tc adn I i

BAY CONTROL RELAY RE C316*4

= W 1

RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN

= W 2

2 3
Q 1

1 0 1

4 5

1 2 1 3

6 7

1 4 1 5

1 6

ON/OFF
V o e i n s r 4 . 2 b
E F R M

c c

LOCAL CO NTROL
R E L 3 1 4 6 * A B w N o e P r t a k n

METERI NG
n d a c i I 6 t 5 0 n d a c i I 6 t 5 0

ABB
1 9 2 3 3 4 1 0 1 1 2

RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN

5 6 7

1 3 1 4 1 5

1 6

ON/OFF

LI NE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

R E B 5 0 A B w N o e P r t a k n

ABB

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

ABB

225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1

=D04+R01

ABB

ABB

ABB

Bay Level

For each function a dedicated device and separate Panel

Control Panel

=W1

=W2

-Q1 SEL

-Q2 SEL

-Q0 SEL TESTE LAMPE

Extensive station wide cabling

OUVRI R FERMER ABB

ESC

EXE

Local Control

DISTANCE LOC

Marshalling

Process Level

Extensive bay cabling

-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8

GIS or AIS Switchgear

Substitution of Conventional Technology

Bay Control/Protection Cubicles
Fllanden Steuerung / Schutz =AD17-KB2 Fllanden Steuerung / Schutz =AD17-KB2

MicroSCADA

Feldsteuergert REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck

Feldsteuergert REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck

Interbay bus Ethernet Switches

d gi ta l di gi t al

LEITUNGSHA UPTSCHUTZ REL316* 4 PRFSTECKER I 0 0 I Reset AUS I 0 SCHUTZ EIN/A US

STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK

LEITUNGSHA UPTSCHUTZ REL316* 4 PRFSTECKER I 0 0 I Reset AUS I 0 SCHUTZ EIN/A US

STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK

-Q1

-Q2
COM 581
Power ABB Automation AG COM581

Communication Converter

NCC / RCC
C

-Q0

Marshalling

-Q9

Control Cubicle Relays for control / logic Transducers, Meters Switches, Lamps Annunciators, Terminals Protection Cubicle

-Q8

SER / Fault Recorder

SCADA RTU NCC / RCC

Modern SA Architecture

Station Level

Network Control Center NCC

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

ABB

225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1

=D04+R01

125VDC Distributuion Battery A

ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t

125VDC Distributuion Battery B

REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL -Q2 SEL

ABB

P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T

-Q0 SEL

LAM PE TESTE

O R UVRI

FERM ER

ABB

ESC

EXE

DIS T A NCE LO C

LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t

METERING
REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t

REB500

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

Process Level

-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8

Features and Benefits

Basic Functionality

Interbay Bus

Bay Level

Implementation of Intelligent Technology

Intelligent Primary Equipment
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

MicroSCADA
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL

ABB

P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T

Interbay bus Ethernet Switches

d gi tal t di gi t al i it l

M M

-Q2 SEL

-Q0 SEL

LAM PE TESTE

M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C

ABB

ESC

EXE

LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION

-Q1

-Q2

LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

METERING
REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

PISA
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

-Q1
-Q51

-Q2

Drive control & monitoring circuitry

ABB

ABBN w Part er et ork n

REB500

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

COM 581
Power ABB Automation AG COM581

Communication Converter

NCC / RCC
C

-Q0
PISA A

Feeder Marshalling

-Q0

Process Bus

-T1 -Q9

PISA A PISA B

-Q8
-Q9 -Q8

Sampling AD-Conversion Signal Processing Signal Filtering

Intelligent SA Architecture

Station Level

Network Control Center NCC

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

ABB

225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1

=D04+R01

125VDC Distributuion Battery A

125VDC Distributuion Battery B

REL316*4

ABB

ABBN w Part er et ork n

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL

ABB

P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T

M M

-Q2 SEL

-Q0 SEL

LAM PE TESTE

M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C

?
ABB

ABB

ESC

EXE

LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION

LOCAL CONTROL
ABBN w Part er et ork n

METERING
REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

REB500

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

Process B u

Process Level

PISA

PISA A

-Q2

PISA A

PISA B

-Q0 -Q1 -Q51

-T1

-Q9

-Q8

Basic Functionality

Interbay Bus

FEATURES AND BENEFITS

Bay Level

Functional Structure of Modern SA

Functions Allocation
Network Control Center NCC

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

Scalable System Extensions SCADA Remote Communication Fault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarms Supervision & Control Data Exchange

Station Level

Interbay Bus
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

125VDC Distributuion Battery B

REL316*4

Bay Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL -Q2 SEL

ABB

P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T

-Q0 SEL

LAM PE TESTE

O VR U I R

FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C

Monitoring

ABB

ESC

EXE

LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

METERING
REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

REB500

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

Process Level

-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8

GIS or AIS Switchgear Instrument Transformers Power Transformers Surge Arresters

Intelligent Substation Automation Functional Structure

Station Level
Network Control Center NCC

Functions Allocation
Scalable System Extensions SCADA Remote Communication Fault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarms Supervision & Control Data Exchange

ABB Network Partner AG

COM581

C E

Interbay Bus
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

125VDC Distributuion Battery B

REL316*4

Bay Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL

ABBR P OWE

MON I T OR I N G U N I T

M M

-Q2 SEL

-Q0 SEL

LAM PE TESTE

M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C

?
ABB

ABB

ESC

EXE

LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION

LOCAL CONTROL
ABBN w Part er et ork n

METERING
REL316*4

Monitoring

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4

ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n

REB500

BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

Process B u

Process Level

-Q2

-Q0 -Q1 -Q51

-T1

-Q9

-Q8

Intelligent or smart AIS / GIS Switchgear Data acquisition Sensors & Actuators Power Transformers Surge Arrestors

PISA

PISA A

PISA A

PISA B

Intelligent SA: Control, Protection and Sensors

ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01

ABB

PISA

PISA PISA

PISA

Actuator for isolator & earthing switch control Switches

125VDC Distributuion Battery A

ABB
ABB Network Partner

125VDC Distributuion Battery B

REL316*4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Line Protection 1 Abgangsschutz I

=D04 ABOBO 1
=W1

BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4

ABB

POWER MONITORING UNIT

=W2 -Q1 SEL

-Q2 SEL

-Q0 SEL

LAMPE TESTE

OUVRIR

FERMER

Feldleitgert Bay Controller

DISTANCE LOC

? ABB

ESC

EXE

LOCAL

SET

REMOTE

OPERATION

LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABB Network Partner

METERING
REL316*4

Actuator for circuit breaker control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

PISA A

Line Protection 2 Abgangsschutz II

LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABB Network Partner

PISA A PISA B

REB500

Busbar Protection
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500

Sensors for current & voltage measurement

Process Bus

Interbay bus 1 Interbay bus 2

Monitoring via IEDs for Protection

Advanced analysis tools

Automatic printing Summary report

GPS

Alarm Classes

CONCISE / FAST Distance to Fault

Mo 12. 11. 96 GMT 17:02.43.305 Ayer Rajah & Labrador Feeder One

User friendly visualization Universal Time synchronization

Sequence of Events
ABB Network Partner AG

# Of trips
C E
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4

IED Parameter

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

C E

C C E E

Station level supervision

Single Line Diagram:

Diagnostic: Fault Recording and Evaluation

Automatic fault location printout

Remote Control via Network Control Centre (NCC)

The goal of the IEC 61850 standard

Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.

Free Configuration The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it will work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems. Long Term Stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.

ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 127

 ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 128