■ Python Crash Course: Core Syntax & Data
Structures
1. Python Basics: Syntax & Variables
1 Python uses indentation instead of braces.
2 Variables are dynamically typed (no need to declare type).
3 Comments use # for single-line, triple quotes for multi-line.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Create a simple calculator that adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides
two numbers.
2. Data Types
1 Common types: int, float, str, bool, None.
2 Use type() to check type of a variable.
3 Type conversion with int(), float(), str().
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Build a temperature converter (Celsius <-> Fahrenheit).
3. Strings
1 Strings are sequences of characters inside quotes.
2 Supports slicing, indexing, and methods like .upper(), .lower(), .replace().
3 f-strings for formatting: f"Hello {name}".
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Write a program that asks for your name and prints it in reverse.
4. Lists
1 Lists are mutable ordered collections.
2 Access with indexes, slice with [:], modify with append(), remove(), sort().
3 Supports iteration with for loops.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Build a to-do list manager where users can add and remove tasks.
5. Tuples & Sets
1 Tuples are immutable ordered collections.
2 Sets are unordered collections of unique elements.
3 Useful for removing duplicates and fast membership tests.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Write a program that removes duplicate words from a sentence.
6. Dictionaries
1 Dictionaries store key-value pairs.
2 Access with dict[key], iterate with .items().
3 Keys must be immutable types (e.g., str, int, tuple).
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Create a phonebook program that stores names and phone numbers.
7. Control Flow (if, for, while)
1 if, elif, else for conditions.
2 for loops iterate over sequences.
3 while loops repeat until condition is False.
4 break and continue modify loop execution.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Guess the number game (random number between 1–100).
8. Functions
1 Defined with def keyword.
2 Parameters can have default values.
3 Return values with return keyword.
4 Supports *args and **kwargs for flexible arguments.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Write a function-based program that calculates factorial of a number.
9. File Handling
1 Use open(filename, mode) to read/write files.
2 Modes: 'r' = read, 'w' = write, 'a' = append.
3 Always close files or use with open() as f: for automatic closing.
■ Mini Project: Mini Project: Create a notes app that saves user input to a text file.
10. Final Project
1 Combine all concepts into a simple project.
■ Mini Project: Final Project: Build a Student Management System with add, delete, search, and
list students using dictionaries and file handling.
