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CASE STUDY ON ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM

A INDEPENDENT STUDY REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CSE AND IT

SUBMITTED BY: KUNAL GARG ( 09ITMG1042CSE)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs Jagdeep kaur

Dr Prabha Sharma (hod , cse and it dept)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to thank all those who have helped us in completing the study successfully . We sincerely thank , Dr Prabha Sharma , Head Of Department CSE & IT for providing us a platform to build this study . We would like to show our gratitude to the university for providing us with well trained faculty and giving us all the required resources and a healthy environment for carrying out our study . We are highly obliged to our Guide Mrs Jagdeep Kaur , for providing us continuous and invaluable guidance throughout the study . His kind and elderly advice always inspired us in putting our best efforts to develop an efficient study .

KUNAL GARG (09ITMG1042CSE)

CONTENTS
S no.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TOPIC
INTRODUCTION GOOGLE ANDROID VERSIONS OF ANDROID ANDROID MARKET REQUIRMENT FOR PROGRAMMING USES FUTURE DEVELOPMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

PAGE NO.
04 05 7 7 9 10 11 12

INTRODUCTION
Over the past few years, the battle between heavyweights like Nokia (Symbian OS), Apple (iPhone OS), Microsoft (Windows Mobile), RIM (RIM OS for Blackberry), and Google (Android) for smartphone operating systems market share has been escalating. Also, the popularity and availability of SDKs, development tools and active promotion of the application developer community by all the major OS vendors highlights the fact that applications and user interface have emerged as critical factors. These factors help developers in selecting the platform for application development and help end-users in smartphone device selection. Android, Inc., developing software for mobile phones was acquired by Google in July 2005. In November 2007, with the establishment of the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), Google announced its entry into the mobile world, not as a handset manufacturer but as an OSV (operating system vendor) offering the Android platform. Android is a free and rapidly growing mobile platform. It also provides a rich platform for third-party developers to build innovative applications with its available set of APIs. (Application Programming Interfaces) Android offers a complete platform to mobile operators, developers, and handset manufacturers for constructing world-class innovative devices, software, and services.

VARIOUS MOBILE OS ARE:

Android OS by Google Inc IOS by apple Inc Symbian OS by symbian foundation Blackberry OS by RIM Windows phone by microsoft Web OS by HP

GOOGLE ANDROD AND ANDROID MARKET

Google Android
To create a mobile phone OS, Google acquired Android Inc. in July, 2005 and appointed Andy Rubin as their Director of the mobile platforms group. After that Google entered into the mobile market not as a handset manufacturer, but by launching a new OS called as Android on November 5, 2007. The main reason why Goggle entered this market is to sell more ads in the emerging mobile form factor and also with the dream that its OS could run any device manufactured by different handset vendors like Samsung, LG, Motorola, HTC, etc. The customers can buy Android powered phones from any carrier operators like T-mobile, Verizon Wireless, Sprint, etc. Goggle introduced Android as an OS which runs the powerful applications and gives the users a choice to select their applications and their carriers.

The Android platform is made by keeping in mind various sets of users who can use the available capacity within Android at different levels; like basic users who demand only calling option, going one step higher, users who use many of the available applications up to a certain extent, and going even higher, the ones who use all of the available applications . Goggle has a vision that Android based cell phone will have all the functions available in the latest PC. In order to make this effort possible, Goggle launched the Open 26 Handset Alliance. Today, the open handset alliance is a group of around 65 technological companies coming together to promote open source software, which is powered by Google. These 65 companies are split into different groups: 1) Handset Manufacturers like HTC, Motorola, and Samsung etc., 2) Software Developers like eBay, Goggle, livewire etc., 3) Mobile Operators like T-mobile, Sprint, Do Co Mo, etc., 4) Chip manufacturers like Broadcom, QUALCOMM, Marvell, Intel, etc.

These companies have come together with common goal which is to make the platform viable for mobile and also to publish the code as an open source.

The Android platform consists of several layers which provide a complete software stack. The extreme bottom layer is the Linux Kernel, then the system libraries, Dalvik which is a virtual machine, the application framework, and all the applications on top of that. The Android platform use a lot of open source libraries like the Webkit, and harmony, Open SSL, Apache http components, etc. In the libraries they have 2D and 3D graphics for the mobile systems. The most powerful part in the platform is the Dalvik virtual machine, which interprets and executes portable Java-style byte code which is optimized to operate on the mobile platform. One of the best features of this platform is that they have put in hooks, which the developers can extend in ways which nobody has even thought of yet. Thus, it can be said that it is a complete feature or a stack for mobile system.

VERSIONS OF ANDROID:

Name Cupcake Donut Eclair Froyo Gingerbread Honeycomb Icecream

Version 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4

Android Market
The Android Market, an online software store, is developed by Google for Android devices. It was announced on August 28, 2008 and was made available to users on October 22, 2008. Most of the Android devices come with preinstalled Market application which allows users to browse, buy, download, and rate different available applications and other content for mobile phones equipped with the open-source operating system. Unlike with the iPhone App Store, there is no requirement that Android apps should be acquired from Android Market. Android apps may be obtained from any source including a developer's own website. Also, Android developers can create their own application market. Google does not have a strict requirement for the application to show up on the Android Market compared to the Ad Hoc process used by Apple. This process is much more open then Apples App Store. Lastly, the Android Market follows a 70/30 revenue-sharing model for applications developed by developers. The developers of priced applications receive 70% of the application price and remaining 30% distributes between carriers (if authorized to receive a fee for applications purchased through their network) and payment processors. Developers get the earned revenue from the Android Market via Google Checkout merchant accounts. Moreover, priced application support for Android Market was made available in mid-February 2009 for US users and UK users got a facility to purchase priced application on 13 March 2009(Android Market, n.d.).

After launching, there were about 2,300 applications available in the Android Market in March 2009. As of May 04, 2010, Android apps hit around 49,000 applications which were around 12,500 in August 2009 and 20,000 in December 2009. The growth 28 rate of new applications in the Android Market have shown in the below figure. Recent months in 2010 have shown a growth rate of approximately 8,000 additional applications per month.

World-Wide Smartphone Sales Quarter 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Android 50.9% 31.1% 7.6% 1.1% iOS 23.9% 16.1% 16.2% 10.6% 5.2% Symbian 11.7% 32.9% 44.7% 46.5% 62.3% 61.2% RIM 8.8% 13.1% 19.7% 19.3% 10.9% 8.7% Microsoft 1.9% 3.4% 7.9% 12.2% 11.9% 13.4% Bada 2.1% 1.3% Other 0.8% 2.2% 4.0% 9.1% 9.6% 16.8%

REQUIRMENTS FOR PROGRAMMING ON ANDROID:

ANDROID SDK:- A software development kit that enables developers to create applications for the Android platform. The Android SDK includes sample projects with source code , development tools, an emulator , and required libraries to build Android applications. Applications are written using the Java programming language and run on Dalvik , a custom virtual machine designed for embedded use which runs on top of a Linux kernel .

ANDROID ADT PLUGIN :- Android Development Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android applications.ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android projects, create an application UI, add components based on the Android Framework API, debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even export signed (or unsigned) .apk files in order to distribute your application. Developing in Eclipse with ADT is highly recommended and is the fastest way to get started. With the guided project setup it provides, as well as tools integration, custom XML editors, and debug ouput pane, ADT gives you an incredible boost in developing Android applications.

ANDROID EMULATOR :- The Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator a virtual mobile device that runs on your computer. The emulator lets you develop and test Android applications without using a physical device.When the emulator is running, you can interact with the emulated mobile device just as you would an actual mobile device, except that you use your mouse pointer to "touch" the touchscreen and can use some keyboard keys to invoke certain keys on the device.

GOOGLE API:- Google APIs Add-On is an extension to the Android SDK development environment that lets you develop applications for devices that include Google's set of custom applications, libraries, and services. A central feature of the add-on is the Maps external library, which lets you add powerful mapping capabilities to your Android application. The add-on also provides a compatible Android system image that runs in the Android Emulator, which lets you debug, profile, and test your application before publishing it to users. The system image includes the the Maps library and other custom system components that your applications may need, to access Google services (such as Android C2DM). The add-on does not include any custom Google applications. When you are ready to publish your application, you can deploy it to any Android-powered device that runs a compatible version of the Android platform and that also includes the custom Google components, libraries, and services.

ANDROID MARKET:- Android Market is an online software store developed by Google for Android OS devices. Its gateway is an application program ("app") called "Market", preinstalled on most Android devices, allows users to browse and download mobile apps published by third-party developers. Users can also search for and read detailed information about apps on the Android Market website.

USES:
with the help of OpeniBoot and iDroid. While Android is designed primarily for smartphones and tablets, the open and customizable nature of the operating system allows it to be used on other electronics, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks, ebook readers, and smart TVs (Google TV). Further, the OS has seen niche applications on wristwatches, headphones, car CD and DVD players, smart glasses, refrigerators, vehicle satnav systems, home automation systems, games consoles, mirrors,cameras, portable media players landlines, and treadmills. The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on 22 October 2008. In early 2010 Google collaborated with HTC to launch its flagship Android device, the Nexus One. This was followed later in 2010 with the Samsung-made Nexus S and in 2011 with the Galaxy Nexus. iOS and Android 2.3.3 'Gingerbread' may be set up to dual boot on a jailbroken iPhone or iPod Touch

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Future Scope: According to most of the application developers, considering the current market, iPhone is much more mature compared to other platforms but Android would definitely be a lot more mature market in the future with lots of more features. They also mentioned that after the launch of windows mobile 7, the whole mobile application market, competition would change between these 3 platforms. In summary, the iPhone developers would like to continue working on the iPhone platform, but are also willing to shift on Android if it gains a larger market share with the implementation of new development tools. The most important factors taken into account when selecting a platform for developing a new application are money, market share, market size, number of customers, development tools, and ease of publishing.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books Referred

Android application development by O Reilly Beginning Android Application Development By Wei-Meng Lee Websites referred : www.google.co.in www.developers.android.com www.android.com www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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