Python Data Types
Data types in python are classification or categorization of data items. It
represents kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a
particular data. Since everything is an object in Python programming,
Python data types are classes and variables are instances (objects) of
these classes.
The following are standard or built-in data types in Python:
Numeric - int, float, complex
Sequence Type - string, list, tuple
Mapping Type - dict
Boolean - bool
Set Type - set, frozenset
Binary Types - bytes, bytearray, memoryview
DataTypes
Below code assigns variable 'x' different values of few Python data types -
int, float, list, tuple and string. Each assignment replaces previous value,
making 'x' take on data type and value of most recent assignment.
x = 50 # int
x = 60.5 # float
x = "Hello World" # string
x = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"] # list
x = ("geeks", "for", "geeks") # set
1. Numeric Data Types
Python numbers represent data that has a numeric value. A numeric value
can be an integer, a floating number or even a complex number. These
values are defined as int, float and complex classes.
Integers - value is represented by int class. It contains positive or
negative whole numbers (without fractions or decimals). There is no
limit to how long an integer value can be.
Float - value is represented by float class. It is a real number with a
floating-point representation. It is specified by a decimal point.
Optionally, character e or E followed by a positive or negative
integer may be appended to specify scientific notation.
Complex Numbers - It is represented by a complex class. It is
specified as (real part) + (imaginary part)j. For example - 2+3j
a=5
print(type(a))
b = 5.0
print(type(b))
c = 2 + 4j
print(type(c))
Output
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>
2. Sequence Data Types
The sequence Data Type is ordered collection of similar or different Python
data types. Sequences allow storing of multiple values in an organized
and efficient fashion. There are several sequence data types of Python:
String Data Type
Python Strings are arrays of bytes representing Unicode characters. In
Python, there is no character data type, a character is a string of length
one. It is represented by str class.
Strings in Python can be created using single quotes, double quotes or
even triple quotes. We can access individual characters of a String using
index.
s = 'Welcome to the Geeks World'
print(s)
# check data type
print(type(s))
# access string with index
print(s[1])
print(s[2])
print(s[-1])
Output
Welcome to the Geeks World
<class 'str'>
e
l
d
List Data Type
Lists are just like arrays, declared in other languages which is an ordered
collection of data. It is very flexible as items in a list do not need to be of
the same type.
Creating a List in Python
Lists in Python can be created by just placing sequence inside the square
brackets[].
# Empty list
a = []
# list with int values
a = [1, 2, 3]
print(a)
# list with mixed int and string
b = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks", 4, 5]
print(b)
Output
[1, 2, 3]
['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks', 4, 5]
Access List Items
In order to access the list items refer to index number. In Python, negative
sequence indexes represent positions from end of the array. Instead of
having to compute offset as in List[len(List)-3], it is enough to just write
List[-3]. Negative indexing means beginning from end, -1 refers to last
item, -2 refers to second-last item, etc.
a = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]
print("Accessing element from the list")
print(a[0])
print(a[2])
print("Accessing element using negative indexing")
print(a[-1])
print(a[-3])
Output
Accessing element from the list
Geeks
Geeks
Accessing element using negative indexing
Geeks
Geeks
Tuple Data Type
Tuple is an ordered collection of Python objects. The only difference
between a tuple and a list is that tuples are immutable. Tuples cannot be
modified after it is created.
Creating a Tuple in Python
In Python, tuples are created by placing a sequence of values separated
by a ‘comma’ with or without the use of parentheses for grouping data
sequence. Tuples can contain any number of elements and of any
datatype (like strings, integers, lists, etc.).
Note: Tuples can also be created with a single element, but it is a bit
tricky. Having one element in the parentheses is not sufficient, there must
be a trailing ‘comma’ to make it a tuple.
# initiate empty tuple
tup1 = ()
tup2 = ('Geeks', 'For')
print("\nTuple with the use of String: ", tup2)
Output
Tuple with the use of String: ('Geeks', 'For')
Note - The creation of a Python tuple without the use of parentheses is
known as Tuple Packing.
Access Tuple Items
In order to access tuple items refer to the index number. Use the index
operator [ ] to access an item in a tuple.
tup1 = tuple([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# access tuple items
print(tup1[0])
print(tup1[-1])
print(tup1[-3])
Output
1
5
3
3. Boolean Data Type in Python
Python Boolean Data type is one of the two built-in values, True or False.
Boolean objects that are equal to True are truthy (true) and those equal to
False are falsy (false). However non-Boolean objects can be evaluated in a
Boolean context as well and determined to be true or false. It is denoted
by class bool.
Example: First two lines will print type of the boolean values True and
False, which is <class 'bool'>. Third line will cause an error,
because true is not a valid keyword. Python is case-sensitive, which
means it distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters.
print(type(True))
print(type(False))
print(type(true))
Output:
<class 'bool'>
<class 'bool'>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/7e8862763fb66153d70824099d4f5fb7.py", line 8, in
print(type(true))
NameError: name 'true' is not defined
4. Set Data Type in Python
In Python Data Types, Set is an unordered collection of data types that is
iterable, mutable, and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements
in a set is undefined though it may consist of various elements.
Create a Set in Python
Sets can be created by using the built-in set() function with an iterable
object or a sequence by placing the sequence inside curly braces,
separated by a ‘comma’. The type of elements in a set need not be the
same, various mixed-up data type values can also be passed to the set.
Example: The code is an example of how to create sets using different
types of values, such as strings, lists and mixed values
# initializing empty set
s1 = set()
s1 = set("GeeksForGeeks")
print("Set with the use of String: ", s1)
s2 = set(["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"])
print("Set with the use of List: ", s2)
Output
Set with the use of String: {'s', 'o', 'F', 'G', 'e', 'k', 'r'}
Set with the use of List: {'Geeks', 'For'}
Access Set Items
Set items cannot be accessed by referring to an index, since sets are
unordered the items have no index. But we can loop through the set items
using a for loop, or ask if a specified value is present in a set, by using the
in the keyword.
set1 = set(["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"])
print(set1)
# loop through set
for i in set1:
print(i, end=" ")
# check if item exist in set
print("Geeks" in set1)
Output
{'Geeks', 'For'}
Geeks For True
5. Dictionary Data Type
A dictionary in Python is a collection of data values, used to store data
values like a map, unlike other Python Data Types, a Dictionary holds a
key: value pair. Key-value is provided in dictionary to make it more
optimized. Each key-value pair in a Dictionary is separated by a colon : ,
whereas each key is separated by a ‘comma’.
Create a Dictionary in Python
Values in a dictionary can be of any datatype and can be duplicated,
whereas keys can’t be repeated and must be immutable. The dictionary
can also be created by the built-in function dict().
Note - Dictionary keys are case sensitive, the same name but different
cases of Key will be treated distinctly.
# initialize empty dictionary
d = {}
d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
print(d)
# creating dictionary using dict() constructor
d1 = dict({1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'})
print(d1)
Output
{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
Accessing Key-value in Dictionary
In order to access items of a dictionary refer to its key name. Key can be
used inside square brackets. Using get() method we can access dictionary
elements.
d = {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
# Accessing an element using key
print(d['name'])
# Accessing a element using get
print(d.get(3))
Output
For
Geeks
