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Java Programming Notes

The document covers fundamental concepts in C programming, including constants, variables, data types, and operators. It explains the declaration and initialization of variables, types of operators, and control structures such as decision-making and looping statements. Additionally, it discusses operator precedence and type conversion in expressions.

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4 views3 pages

Java Programming Notes

The document covers fundamental concepts in C programming, including constants, variables, data types, and operators. It explains the declaration and initialization of variables, types of operators, and control structures such as decision-making and looping statements. Additionally, it discusses operator precedence and type conversion in expressions.

Uploaded by

mp1121451
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Programming - Constants, Variables, Data Types, Operators, Control Structures

Constants, Variables and Data Types

Constants:

- Fixed values that do not change during execution.

- Declared using `final` keyword.

Example: final int MAX = 100;

Variables:

- Used to store data values.

- Types: int, float, double, char, boolean, String, etc.

Declaration of Variables:

int age;

float salary;

char grade;

Giving Values to Variables:

age = 25;

salary = 50000.50f;

grade = 'A';

Symbolic Constants:

final double PI = 3.14;

Typecasting:

float x = (float) 10 / 3; // Result is 3.333...

Operators & Expressions

Types of Operators:
C Programming - Constants, Variables, Data Types, Operators, Control Structures

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %

- Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=

- Logical: &&, ||, !

- Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.

- Increment/Decrement: ++, --

- Conditional (Ternary): (condition) ? true : false

- Bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

Arithmetic Expressions:

int result = (a + b) * c;

Evaluation of Expressions:

- Follows operator precedence and associativity rules.

Type Conversion in Expressions:

- Implicit: Widening (int to float)

- Explicit: Narrowing (float to int) using casting

Operator Precedence (High -> Low):

1. ()

2. ++, --, !

3. *, /, %

4. +, -

5. <, >, <=, >=

6. ==, !=

7. &&

8. ||

9. =, +=, -=, etc.

Decision Making, Branching & Looping


C Programming - Constants, Variables, Data Types, Operators, Control Structures

Control Statements:

- if, if-else, nested if, else-if ladder, switch-case

Example:

if (age > 18) { ... }

switch (choice) { case 1 -> ...; }

Looping Statements:

- for, while, do-while

Examples:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ... }

while (i < 10) { ... }

do { ... } while (i < 10);

Jump in Loops:

- break: exits loop

- continue: skips current iteration

- return: exits method

Labelled Loops:

outer: for (...) {

for (...) {

if (condition) break outer;

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