Scribd
Upload
25 views3 pages

Swarup

Soft computing is a field that uses approximate solutions and inexact reasoning to solve computationally hard problems. It includes techniques like neural networks, fuzzy systems, and probability. Soft computing techniques resemble biological processes more closely than traditional techniques based on logic. Neural networks in particular resemble the human brain in how they learn and store knowledge in interconnected weights. A common type of neural network is the multilayer perceptron, which maps inputs to outputs using historical data. Fuzzy logic is a methodology for problem solving that mimics human decision making with imprecise or ambiguous inputs. It has been applied successfully in areas like control systems, robotics and games.

Uploaded by

Pani Diksha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views3 pages

Swarup

Soft computing is a field that uses approximate solutions and inexact reasoning to solve computationally hard problems. It includes techniques like neural networks, fuzzy systems, and probability. Soft computing techniques resemble biological processes more closely than traditional techniques based on logic. Neural networks in particular resemble the human brain in how they learn and store knowledge in interconnected weights. A common type of neural network is the multilayer perceptron, which maps inputs to outputs using historical data. Fuzzy logic is a methodology for problem solving that mimics human decision making with imprecise or ambiguous inputs. It has been applied successfully in areas like control systems, robotics and games.

Uploaded by

Pani Diksha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Soft Computing

Abstract: Soft computing is a term applied to a field within computer science which is characterized by the use of inexact solutions to computationally-hard tasks such as the solution of NP-complete problems, for which an exact solution cannot be derived in polynomial time. Introduction: Soft Computing became a formal Computer Science area of study in the early 1990's. Earlier computational approaches could model and precisely analyze only relatively simple systems. More complex systems arising in biology, medicine, the humanities, management sciences, and similar fields often remained intractable to conventional mathematical and analytical methods. That said, it should be pointed out that simplicity and complexity of systems are relative, and many conventional mathematical models have been both challenging and very productive. Soft computing deals with imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation to achieve tractability, robustness and low solltion cost. What is a Neural Network? A neural network is a powerful data modeling tool that is able to capture and represent complex input/output relationships. The motivation for the development of neural network technology stemmed from the desire to develop an Components of soft computing include: Neural networks (NN) Fuzzy systems (FS) Probability: 1) Bayesian network 2) Chaos theory 3)Perceptron soft computing techniques resemble biological processes more closely than traditional techniques, which are largely based on formal logical systems, such as sentential logic and predicate logic, or rely heavily on computer-aided numerical analysis (as in finite element analysis). Soft computing techniques are intended to complement each other. Neural networks resemble the human brain in the following two ways: 1. A neural network acquires knowledge through learning.

artificial system that could perform "intelligent" tasks similar to those performed by the human brain.

2. A neural network's knowledge is stored within inter-neuron connection strengths known as synaptic weights.

The most common neural network model is the multilayer perceptron (MLP). This type of neural network is known as a supervised network because it requires a desired output in order to learn. The goal of this type of network is to create a model that correctly maps the input to the output using historical data so that the model can then be used to produce the output when the desired output is unknown. A graphical representation of an MLP is shown below.

Two hidden layer multiplayer perceptron (MLP) WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC? FL is a problem-solving control system methodology that lends itself to implementation in systems ranging from simple, small, embedded micro-controllers to large, networked, multi-channel PC or workstation-based data acquisition and control systems. It can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. FL provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon vague, ambiguous, imprecise, noisy, or missing input information. FL's approach to control problems mimics how a person would make decisions, only much faster.

HOW DOES FL WORK? FL requires some numerical parameters in order to operate such as what is considered significant error and significant rate-ofchange-of-error, but exact values of these numbers are usually not critical unless very responsive performance is required in which case empirical tuning would determine them.

Application Artificial intelligence and cognitive modeling try to simulate some properties of biological neural networks. While similar in their techniques, the former has the aim of solving particular tasks, while the latter aims to build mathematical models of biological neural systems. In the artificial intelligence field, artificial neural networks have been applied successfully to speech recognition, image analysis and adaptive control, in order to construct software agents (in computer and video games) or autonomous robots.

Web Refferences: Zadeh, Lotfi A., "Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Soft Computing," Communications of the ACM, March 1994, Vol. 37 No. 3, pages 77-84. J. J. HOPFIELD Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 79, pp. 2554-2558, April 1982 Biophysics [1] Spike arrival times: A highly efficient coding scheme for neural networks, SJ Thorpe Parallel processing in neural systems, 1990

You might also like