Object-Oriented
Programming: The
Fundamentals
This presentation explores key concepts of object-oriented programming
(OOP), a powerful paradigm for building software applications.
Encapsulation: Bundling Data and Behavior
Data Protection Code Organization
Encapsulation protects data within an object by restricting It organizes code by grouping data and the functions that
direct access. It promotes data integrity and reduces the operate on that data. This makes code more maintainable
risk of errors. and modular.
Abstraction: Focusing on Essential Features
Simplified Interfaces Code Reusability
Abstraction hides complex implementation details, It promotes code reusability by allowing objects to be
presenting only the essential features to the user. used in different parts of the program without revealing
their internal workings.
Inheritance: Hierarchical Code Reuse
Parent Class
1
The parent class, or base class, provides fundamental properties and behaviors.
Child Class
2 Child classes, or derived classes, inherit properties and behaviors from their
parent class and can add their own.
Code Reduction
3 Inheritance avoids redundant code by allowing child
classes to reuse code from the parent class.
Polymorphism: Flexibility in
Object Interactions
Different Implementations
1 Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to
respond to the same method call in their own way.
Flexible Code
2 It promotes flexibility by enabling code to work with objects
of different classes through a common interface.
Improved Maintainability
3 Polymorphism simplifies code maintenance by reducing the
need for separate code for each object type.
Classes and Objects: The
Building Blocks
Class Object
A class is like a blueprint that An object is an instance of a class,
defines the structure and behavior a real-world entity that has its own
of an object. unique data.
Constructors and Methods:
Defining Object Behavior
1 2
Constructor Methods
A special method that initializes an Functions that define the object's
object's data when it is created. behavior and allow it to interact
with other objects.
OOP Principles and Best Practices
Adhering to OOP principles like encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism leads to modular, maintainable,
and reusable code. By following best practices, such as using meaningful names, designing clear interfaces, and testing your
code thoroughly, you can build robust and scalable applications.
